012 Nervous Tissue Questions
1.
List the two primary organizational units of the nervous system and describe what comprises
each.
a) CNS (central nervous system) – including the brain and the spinal cord
b) PNS (peripheral nervous system) – is everything else.
Slide #6, 7
2.
There are three distinct subdivisions of the peripheral nervous system, list all three and identify
the primary difference between each.
a)
Somatic – it is the voluntary nervous system motor neurons innervate the skeletal muscle
tissue.
b) Autonomic – it is the involuntary nervous systems and the motor neurons innervate the smooth
and cardiac muscle and glands. It involves the sympathetic and parasympathetic aspects of the
nervous system.
c) Enteric Nervous system – involuntary sensory and motor neurons control GI tract.
Slide #9
3.
All of the following are found in the cell body of neurons except:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Single nucleus with a prominent nucleolus
Nissl bodies (chromatophilic substances)
Axon
Neurofilaments
Lipofuscin
Slide #10
4.
Dendrites conduct impulses _____________ the cell body while Axons conduct impulses
_______________ the cell body.
a) Away from, toward
b) Toward, away from
c) Inside of, outside of
d) Outside of, inside of
Slide #12,13
5.
The swollen containing vesicles fill with neurotransmitters are called
a)
Axon
b) Dendrite
c) Mylin shealth
d) Synaptic end buds
Slide #13
6.
There are three functional classifications of neurons, another name for a sensory neuron is
________________ and another name for motor neuron is__________________.
a) Afferent, associative
b) Associative, efferent
c) Afferent, efferent
d) Efferent , associateive.
Slide #16
7.
There are three structural classifications of neurons, list the three and describe the structural
differences.
a) Multipolar – several dendrites and one axon are the most common cell type
b) Bipolar – one main dendrite and one main axon
c) Unipolar neurons – are sensory neuron only
Slide 17, 18
8.
The following description describes one of the cell types below choose the correct cell type.
Description: Star shaped cells from the blood brain barrier, metabolizes neurotransmitters,
regulates potassium balance, provides structural support.
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Oligodendrocyte cells
Astrocyte cells
Neuroglial cells
Microglia cells
Ependymal cells
Slide #21
9. The following description describes one of the cell types below choose the correct cell type.
Description: most common glial cell type, it forms myelin sheath around more than one axon in
the CNS and it is analogous to the Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system.
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Oligodendrocyte cells
Astrocyte cells
Neuroglial cells
Microglia cells
Ependymal cells
Slide #22
10. All are true statements about mylination except:
a) Made of lipoprotein
b) Acts as an electrical insulator
c) Slows down electrical impulse
d) All of the above are true
Slide #27
11. In the CNS mylinated cells are called ___________ while unmylinated cesll are called
______________.
White matter, grey matter.
Slide #33
12. Resting membrane potential is:
a) -30mV
b) -50mV
c) -60mV
d) -70mV
Slide 39
13. There are two distinctly graded potentials name and explain each.
Hyperpolarization – the member has become more negative
Depolarization – the membrane has become more positive
Slide #41
14. Name the two elements involved in the action potential and explain the phase each ion is
responsibe for.
Na+ (sodium) it is responsible for the depolarization of the action potential
K+ (potassium) it is responsible for the re-polarization of the action potential.
Slide #44.
15. True or False: Both chemical and mechanical stimulus can cause a graded potential.
True
Slide #46
16. Describe what a refractory period is and in your description include both absolute and relative
refractory periods.
A refractory period is the period of time during which a neuron cannot generate anther action potential.
The absolute refractory period is the period of time that even a very strong stimulus will not begin
another action potential and the relative refractory period is the threshold when a stimulus will be able
to initiate another action potential.
Slide #50.
17. The following are true about local anesthesia:
a) Local anesthesia prevents the opening of voltage –gated Na+ channels
b) Nerve impulses cannot pass the anesthetized region
c) None of the above is true
d) Both statements above are true
Slide #55
18. Choose the statements below that apply to the salutatory as opposed to the continuous
conduction systems.
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Depolarization only at nodes of Ranvier where there is a high density of voltage-gated ion
channels
Step-by-step depolarization of each portion of the length of the axolemma
Current carried by ions flows through the extracellular fluid from node to node.
Only a and c are correct statements regarding salutatory conduction
All of the above are correct statements regarding salutatory conduction.
Slide #56
19. There are three types of nerve fibers listed below, match the type of fiber with the descriptor.
Fiber types
a)
A fibers
b)
B fibers
Descriptors
_b_ are the medium sized fibers (2-3
microns in width) and transmits impulses at15 m/sec
_c_ smallest of all fibers (.5-1.5
microns) transmitting impulses at a rate of 2m/s
c) C fibers
_a_ larges of all fibes (5-20 microns) and will
transmit impulses fastest.
Slide #59
20. Application question: taking into account the information that you have learned in the nervous
tissue lecture describe how each of us is able to differentiate a light touch and a firm touch.
Firm pressure generates impulses at a higher frequency and the number of sensory neurons activated is
greater.
Slide #60.
21. There are two types of synapses electrical and chemical place an A beside the descriptor of an
electrical synapse and a B beside the descriptor of a chemical synapse.
_B_ One way information transfer from pre-synaptic neuron to postsynaptic neuron.
_A_ this type of synapse is capable of synchronizing groups of neurons.
_B_ Transmission of this type of synapse occurs from axon to axon, axon to cell body as well as axon
to dendrite.
_A_ Ionic current spreads to next cell through gap junctions
_A_ It is the faster, two way transmissions.
Slide #64
22. Pick the statement below that does not describe an inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP).
a) It results from the opening of ligand-gated Cl- and K+ channels
b) The postsynaptic cell is more likely to reach threshold
c) It causes the postsynaptic cell to become more negative or hyperpolarized
d) The postsynaptic cell is less likely to reach threshold
Slide #67
23. Answer either true (T) or false (F) to the next four questions, these questions deal with
Strychnine poisoning.
a)
Glycine is an inhibitory neurotransmitter that prevents excessive muscular relaxation.
False
b)
Strychnine binds to and blocks glycine receptors in the spinal cord.
True
c) Massive titanic contractions of all skeletal muscles are produced from this binding of glycine
True
d) When the condition is severe enough or when left untreated patients will die from
respiratory failure
True
Slide #75
24. Match the small molecular neurotransmitters on the left with the appropriate actions on the
right.
a)
Acetylcholine
b) Norepinephrine
c) Dopamine
d) Serotonin
e) GABA
f) Substance P
_e_ is an inhibitory neurotransmitter for 1/3 of the
brain
_c_ regulates skeletal muscle tone
_f_ substance that enhances our perception of pain
_b_ regulates mood, dreaming and awaking from a
deep sleep
_a_ inactivated by acetylcholinesterase
_d_ temperature regulation and induction of sleep
Slides # 77,78, 79, 80
25. All of the following are true about the regeneration and repair of neurons except:
a)
b)
c)
d)
Neurons are able to sprout new dendrites
Neurons have the ability to change synaptic contacts with other neurons
The peripheral nervous system is unable to repair if damage occurs to neurons
Neurons are able to synthesis new proteins
Slide #84
26. Which of the following are incorrect about multiple sclerosis (MS)
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
MS is a bacterial infection causing destruction of the myelin sheath in the CNS
Sheaths become scarred or plaque
Symptoms include muscular weakness, abnormal sensations or double vision
Remission and relapses result in progressive, cumulative loss of function
Occurs twice as often in women as it does in men.
Slide #90
27. List four of the causes of Epilepsy
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
Slide #91
Brain damage at birth
Metabolic disturbances
Infections
Toxins
Vascular disturbances
Head injuries
Tumor.