Medical School Histology Basics
Cartilage and Bone
VIBS 289 lab
Larry Johnson
Texas A&M University
Cartilage and Bone
Slide 121: Bone, rabbit femur
Cross section
- Chondroblasts/chondrocytes
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Compact bone
Spongy bone
Concentric lamellae,
Haversion system =
osteon
Spongy
Haversion canal, bone
Volkmann’s canal
Osteoid
Osteoblast/osteocytes
Lacunae
Canaliculi
Compact bone
Muscle
cartilage
Functions of Cartilage and Bone
Cartilage
Evolutionary - embryonic model for bones
Slides across each other easily while bearing
weight (joints, articular surfaces of bones)
Cushion - cartilage has limited compressibility
(joints)
Bone
Skeletal support land animals
Protective enclosure (vital organs)
Skull to protect brain and
long bone to protect hemopoietic
cells
Hemopoiesis
Hemopoiesis
CELLS OF CT
FIBROBLASTS
MESENCHYMAL
CELLS and RBC
ADIPOSE CELLS
MACROPHAGE
PLASMA CELLS
MAST CELLS and WBC
CHONDROBLASTS
CHONDROCYTES
OSTEOBLASTS
OSTEOCYTES
OSTEOCLASTS
TYPES OF CARTILAGE
CHONDROCYTES
HYALINE CARTILAGE
ELASTIC CARTILAGE
Chondrocytes
Lacunae = “space”
FIBROCARTILAGE
Slide 194
Fetal elbow
Transformation zone
of cartilage to bone
HYALINE CARTILAGE
Perichondrium
Slide 194: Fetal elbow
– Hyaline cartilage, synovial membrane
– Dense regular connective tissue
– Bone matrix
Slide 133: Trachea, monkey
– Hyaline cartilage
perichondrium
Slide 19762: Outer ear
– Elastic cartilage
epithelium
Elastic fibers
Perichondrium
Epithelium
DEMO SLIDE BOX 223 (F-H-48-1) –Pinna of ear, cat
Elastic cartilage
Elastic fibers
Dense irregular tissue
of the perichondrium
Chondrocytes
Chondroblasts
FIBROCARTILAGE
Fibroblast in
Tendon/ligament
INTERMEDIATE BETWEEN
DENSE REGULAR
CONNECTIVE TISSUE AND
HYALINE CARTILAGE
Tendon/ ligament
FIBROCARTILAGE
NO PERICHONDRIUM
Chondrocytes in
fibrocartilage
Bone
194
Fibrocartilage of Fetal elbow
Type 1 collagen
bundles in
fibrocartilage
Skeletal muscle
Chondrocytes in
fibrocartilage
DEMO SLIDE BOX 236 (53a)
– Femur, cat.
Bone
Chondrocytes in
fibrocartilage
Fibroblasts in tendon
Fibrocartilage is found connecting other structures. Here, the fibrocartilage is joining
tendon to bone.
Dense irregular connective tissue capsule, the perichondrium. An exception is the
articular surface of cartilage in joints where the capsule is removed by the contact of
hyaline cartilage at the surface of touching bones,
Perichondrium
Slide 194
Articular surface
has no perichondrium.
Joint is
encapsulated by
the synovial
membrane
421
Tibia, fetal
Fibroblasts of the
perichondrium
In the fetal tibia, the perichondrium is a very
prominent layer in actively growing fetal
cartilage (note high density of cells developing)
Cartilage
421
Tibia, fetal
Sulfated glycosaminoglycans
as extracellular substrate
Cartilage
Fibroblasts
Chondroblasts
Chondrocytes
Perichondrium
EM 11: Perichondrium
Fibroblast
Perichondrium
Appositional growth
Chondrocyte
EM 13:
Chondrocytes
Interstitial growth =
mitotic division
within the cartilage ,
chondrocytes
Growth plate
RER
Slide 194: Fetal elbow
Hyaline cartilage,
Fibrocartilage
Dense regular connective tissue
Bone matrix
Lacunae
Slide 220: Fetal finger
Cancellous (spongy)
bone
Growth plate
Compact bone
Slide 220 : Fetal finger
Osteoblasts, osteoid, lacunae, osteocytes, osteoclasts
Cancellous
(spongy)
bone
Compact
bone
Slide 220
Cartilage
Osteocytes
Osteoclasts
Compact bone
Slide 220 : Fetal finger
Cells that can be seen along the surface of the
trabeculae
Compact
bone
Trabeculae
Osteocytes
EM 12: Osteoblast
Prominent rough ER,
Large Golgi complex
Secretory vesicles
Hydroxyapatite crystals
EM 12:
Osteoblast
Prominent rough ER,
Large Golgi complex
Secretory
vesicles
32583 Rat bone toluidine blue stain of thin (.5 um) section
Osteoblasts, osteoid, lacunae, osteocytes, osteoclasts
Bone diagram
Compact bone
– Concentric lamellae
– Haversion canal
Spongy
bone
– Volkmann’s canal
– Haversion system
Haversion
canal
Bone diagram
Haversion canal,
– Osteocytes
– Lacunae,
– Canaliculi,
One forth of a
Haversion system,
Compact bone
30130 compact bone
Haversion canal
– Osteocytes
– Lacunae
– Canaliculi
Haversian system = osteon
Bone matrix = osteoid
Osteons (“Haversian systems”)
Osteonal (“Haversian” or “central”) canals
Concentric lamellae
Canaliculi
lacunae
Vet school
Demo Slide #220
Slide 121: Bone,
rabbit femur
– Concentric lamellae,
–
– Osteocytes
– Lacunae,
– Haversion canal
– Haversion system,
Spongy
bone
Compact bone
Slide 121 : Bone, rabbit femur
– Concentric lamellae
– Haversion canal
– Osteocytes
– Lacunae
– Canaliculi,
– Haversion system
Compact bone
Slide 121 : Bone, rabbit femur
endosteum
– Compact bone
– Concentric lamellae
– Haversion system
– Haversion canal
– Osteocytes
– Lacunae
– Canaliculi
Slide 425: Bone (unstained)
– Compact bone, concentric lamellae, Haversion
system, Haversion canal, osteocytes
Volkmann’s canal
Slide 425 : Bone (unstained)
Compact bone
– Haversion system
– Haversion canal
– Osteocytes
Volkmann’s canal
195
Osteoblasts, osteoid, lacunae, osteocytes, osteoclasts
HYALINE
CARTILAGE
EPIPHYSEAL PLATE,
RESPONSIBLE FOR
LONGITUDINAL GROWTH OF
LONG BONES
421 Endochondral Ossification
Proliferation and alignment of epiphyseal cartilage cells is followed by hypertrophy and calcification
Secondary
spongiosa have
osteoid cores
Primary
spongiosa have
cartilage cores
Slide 121
Slide 220 Fetal Finger
In summary
Questions on Cartilage and Bone
• Which is/are true about endochondral bone growth?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
growth in width occurs by appositional growth
growth in length occurs at the epiphyseal plate by interstitial growth
of cartilage followed by replacement by bone
secondary spongiosa has an osteoid core
a and b
a, b, and c
• Cartilage differs from bone in:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
diffusibility of the extracellular matrix
presence of isogenous groups of cells
ability for appositional growth
a and b
a, b, and c
Many illustrations in these VIBS Histology YouTube videos were modified
from the following books and sources: Many thanks to original sources!
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Bruce Alberts, et al. 1983. Molecular Biology of the Cell. Garland Publishing, Inc., New York, NY.
Bruce Alberts, et al. 1994. Molecular Biology of the Cell. Garland Publishing, Inc., New York, NY.
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William J. Banks, 1981. Applied Veterinary Histology. Williams and Wilkins, Los Angeles, CA.
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Hans Elias, et al. 1978. Histology and Human Microanatomy. John Wiley and Sons, New York, NY.
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Don W. Fawcett. 1986. Bloom and Fawcett. A textbook of histology. W. B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia, PA.
Don W. Fawcett. 1994. Bloom and Fawcett. A textbook of histology. Chapman and Hall, New York, NY.
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Arthur W. Ham and David H. Cormack. 1979. Histology. J. S. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia, PA.
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Luis C. Junqueira, et al. 1983. Basic Histology. Lange Medical Publications, Los Altos, CA.
L. Carlos Junqueira, et al. 1995. Basic Histology. Appleton and Lange, Norwalk, CT.
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L.L. Langley, et al. 1974. Dynamic Anatomy and Physiology. McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York, NY.
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W.W. Tuttle and Byron A. Schottelius. 1969. Textbook of Physiology. The C. V. Mosby Company, St. Louis, MO.
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Leon Weiss. 1977. Histology Cell and Tissue Biology. Elsevier Biomedical, New York, NY.
Leon Weiss and Roy O. Greep. 1977. Histology. McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York, NY.
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Nature (http://www.nature.com), Vol. 414:88,2001.
Arthur C. Guyton,1971.Textbook of Medical Physiology W.B. Saunders company, Philadelphia, PA
WW Tuttle and BA Schottelius 1969 Textbook of Physiology C.V. Mosby Co.
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A.L. Mescher 2013 Junqueira’s Basis Histology text and atlas, 13th ed. McGraw
Big Bend TX
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