Bones of the Skeletal System
OCTO B E R 8 , 9 20 1 4
Which ones do you need to know?
• Diagram 5.6 (page 125)
• Diagram 5.7 (page 126)
• Diagram 5.11 (page 129)
• Diagram 5.14 (page 131)
• Diagram 5.19 (page 135)
• Diagram 5.23 (page 142)
Human Skeleton
Some hints for memory .. .
• Radius is thumb side; ulna is pinky
side
• Its tibia and fibula
• The cuff of your sleeve is by your
carpals. The tarsals are in your
foot.
Knowing the major
bones will help you
learn the muscle
names!
Lateral view of human skull
Sutures are
immovable fibrous
joints that connect the
bones of the skull.
Processes are
projections that act as
sites for muscle and
ligament attachment.
A meatus is a canal.
External auditory
meatus leads to the
ear drum.
Knowing the bones of
the skull will help you
learn the lobes of the
brain!
anterior view of human skull
Foramen are small openings in
bone for the passage of nerves and
blood vessels.
A ramus is an arm-like projection of
a bone that helps form a joint.
The vertebral column
The vertebral column consists of 33 bones that
protect the spinal cord and bear the weight of the
body.
The vertebral column is divided into different
regions. The regions have different curves and
different shapes to the vertebrae.
The individual cervical, thoracic, and lumbar
vertebrae are separated by fibrocartilage pads
called intervertebral discs
A slipped (herniated) disc occurs when
an intervertebral disc slides out of
place, pressing on a nerve
The bony thorax
What
Consists
boneof
shape
ribs,is the
sternum?
sternum, and thoracic
Flat
vertebrae
… Sternum
so what kind
is three
of bones
marrow
fused together.
does it have?
red
Has important
In ‘landmarks’
order to diagnose
certain
• Jugular
bloodnotch
disorders,
doctors
• Sternal
perform
angle
a sternal
puncture by inserting a
needle into the sternum
to obtain red marrow.
The bony thorax
There are three types
of ribs.
True ribs connect
directly to the sternum
by a cartilaginous joint.
False ribs connect
indirectly to the
sternum (or not at all).
The last two false ribs
are called ‘floating ribs’
because they do not
connect to the sternum
at all.
Pelvic Girdle
The pelvic girdle is
composed of two hip
bones, sacrum, and
coccyx.
Each hip bone is
composed of three
different bones:
• Ilium (most lateral
bone – the ‘hips’)
• Pubis (most anterior –
these fuse at a joint
called pubic symphysis
• Ischium – most inferior
Male vs Female Pelvic Girdle
Female pelvises…
• have a larger, more circular inlet
• Is shallower / more spread out
• Has a larger pubic arch (80-85o)
Male pelvises…
• have a smaller, heart shaped inlet
• Is deeper / more upright
• Has a smallerr pubic arch (50-60o)
Thumbs up for girls!
Male!
• Pelvis is deep
• Inlet is heart-shaped &
narrow
• Pubic arch is 50-60
degrees
Thumbs up for girls!
Male!
• Inlet is heart-shaped &
narrow
• Pubic arch is 50-60
degrees
Thumbs up for girls!
Female!
• Inlet is large and round
• Pubic arch is 80-85
degrees