Mr. Chamness
05/27/2011
1
Define the Following Terms
• Safety
• Accident
• First Aid
2
Define the Following Terms
• Safety- taking necessary precautions to
3
–
–
–
–
avoid danger
avoid risk
avoid injury
avoid death
Define the Following Terms
• Accident- injury or property damage
– which suddenly occurs
– which is unintentional
4
Define the Following Terms
• First Aid– Immediate
– Temporary care until medical services are
available
– Given to a victim of a sudden accident or
illness
5
Application of the Safety Color Code
•
•
•
•
•
•
6
Federal Safety Red
Federal Safety Yellow
Federal Safety Orange
Federal Safety Purple
Federal Safety Green
Federal Safety Yllw/Blck
Safety Agencies
• OSHA stands for the
Occupational Safety and
Health Administration.
• It is a governmental safety
organization that is
responsible to reduce work
related injuries
7
OSHA Safety Colors
• RED – Signals danger,
emergency, and fire
equipment.
8
OSHA Safety Colors
• ORANGE – used to
indicate safety guards
and machine pinch
points.
9
OSHA Safety Colors
YELLOW – marks
walkways, railings trip
hazards and machine
clearance areas.
10
OSHA Safety Colors
WHITE – waste,
cleanup and storage
areas.
11
OSHA Safety Colors
GREEN – Safety
equipment like protective
eyewear and first aid
stations.
12
OSHA Safety Colors
BLUE – informational and
out of order signs.
13
Federal Safety Red
• Fire Protection
• Portable Containers
• Emergency Stop Buttons and Switches
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Federal Safety Yellow
• Waste Containers
• Caution against Starting, Using, or Moving
Equipment that Needs Repair
• Identifying Power Sources
• Marking Hazard Zones
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Federal Safety Orange
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• Caution against Starting, Using, or Moving Equipment
that Needs Repair
• Identifying Power Sources
• Marking Hazard Zones
(Orange is slowly being phased to yellow- but if
your shop still uses it, it is important to know)
Federal Safety Purple
Radiation Hazards
(Purple may be outdated- know the radiation
symbol)
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Federal Safety Green
- Safe
- Proceed or Go
- Location of First-aid and Safety Equipment
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Federal Safety Yellow/Black
- Traffic Flow
- House Keeping Purposes
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Fire Triangle
• Oxygen
• Heat
• Fuel
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List Personal Safety Rules
2. Wear Head
Gear If Necessary
1. Tie Long
Hair Back
3. Be
Smart
4. Wear
Safety Glasses
5. Wear Ear
Protection If
Necessary
7. Wash Hands
8. No open toe shoes
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6. Remove
Jewelery
General Shop Safety Rules
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• Safety in the Shop
begins with the proper
frame of mind. The
expression: “Safety is no
Accident,” is a good
starting point.
Attitude
• When you enter the
shop, you always need
to make sure that you
mentally and physically
adjust to the increased
hazards around you.
• The things that you
might do in a gym don’t
belong in a classroom,
and things that you
might do in a classroom
don’t belong in a
23SHOP!
HEAD
ARBOR
CHUCK
TABLE
BASE
SPINDLE
Attitude
• Tools greatly reduce the time
HEAD
needed to perform an
operation and usually improve
your ability to do a job.
CHUCK
• Learn how to use tools
properly and take pride in your
ability to use a tool safely andTABLE
effectively.
• Be careful to think through
each operation before you do
it. Use your common sense.
Do not do things that seem
unsafe.
24
SPINDLE
Attitude
• People using the shop HEAD
must take responsibility
for the safe use of the
facility. If you are unsureCHUCK
of the proper method to do
something, ask for help.
TABLE
• Never perform an
operation that you are
uneasy about. Ask for
help!
25
ARBOR
SPINDLE
Attitude
• If you notice an unsafe
HEAD
condition in the shop, fix it or
bring it to the attention of the
instructor.
CHUCK
• If you think someone is using
the equipment unsafely,
suggest a safer alternative or
bring their activities to the
attention of the instructor.
26
ARBOR
SPINDLE
Activities
• Frequently, when a person is
injured, we hear the words: “I
didn’t mean to, or I was just
fooling around.”
• For that reason horseplay can
not be permitted! Yelling,
screaming, pushing, jumping,
running, throwing objects,
using a tool improperly or as a
pretend weapon can not
happen!
27
Protect the Most Important Tools You
Have
• Your Eyes are not tools, but they are our most important sense,
and it is very difficult to get by without them.
• Always use approved eye protection whenever cutting,
hammering, using a power tool, in the vicinity or watching
someone else doing these things!
• Make it a Lifelong Habit to recognize hazards to your eyes and
take precautions to protect your eyes, not just when someone is
standing over you and making you do it.
28
Getting Ready to Work
• Before presenting yourself and your project to the instructor for
permission to use a power tool, make sure you are READY!
• Have your safety glasses in place, hair, clothing and jewelry
secured.
• Make sure your project is ready also. Have you made all the
necessary layout marks in preparation for cutting? The
instructor will not assume you know
what you are doing – you must PROVE
it by your presentation.
29
Get Permission Before Use
• Always obtain permission from
the instructor before using a
power tool.
• This alerts the instructor to a
machine in use and who is using
it.
• This helps ensure the operation
will be performed correctly.
• This provides an opportunity for
the instructor to monitor your
work to prevent errors (scrapping
out a project).
30
Safety Equipment
• Make sure that all
guards are in place and
that they work properly.
• Keep hands at least four
inches away from
cutting surfaces.
Bandsaw Guard
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Safety Equipment
• Do not distract machine
operators.
• Stay out of yellow taped
machine clearance areas
when in machine is in
use.
32
Cleanup
•
•
•
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Report all injuries to
the instructor
immediately.
Report missing,
broken or damaged
tools to the instructor.
Keep the shop clean
and well organized.
Use of Shop Air
• Pressurized air can be
very dangerous.
• When shop air is used
for cleaning purposes it
must be fitted with a
restrictor to allow only
30psi.
34
Use of Shop Air
• Use only with permission
and only after your cleanup
job is done.
• Typical use is for running air
tools, blowing dust off
projects.
• Never direct air near face,
exposed skin, or at other
people.
35
List General Shop Safety Rules
• Keep all hand tools
• Sharp
• Clean
• In safe working order
(If a tool is broken, notify your instructor to
have the tool sharpened or repaired)
36
List General Shop Safety Rules
• Never operate a hazardous machine
unless
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• You have been instructed on how to use it
• You have properly demonstrated the
correct way to use it safely
List General Shop Safety Rules
• With the power off, make sure that
parts can move freely before turning
equipment on.
38
List General Shop Safety Rules
• Report to the instructor when
• There are defective tools, machines, or
other equipment
• All physical accidents regardless of
severity
• There are signs of a gas odor or fire
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List General Shop Safety Rules
• Retain all guards and safety devices
except with specific authorization
from an instructor.
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List General Shop Safety Rules
• Before repairing or making any
adjustments to a machine,
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• Disconnect the power
• Make sure the equipment has stopped
moving
List General Shop Safety Rules
• Make sure equipment has stopped
completely before leaving.
42
List General Shop Safety Rules
• Make sure equipment has stopped
completely before leaving.
43
List General Shop Safety Rules
• Keep the shop
– clear of scraps and litter
– free of spilled liquids
44
List General Shop Safety Rules
• Never use your hands to wipe away
debris from your equipment
• Never use compressed air to blow
debris off of yourself
45
Clean and Orderly Shop
• Arrange machinery and equipment
to permit safe, efficient work
practices.
46
Clean and Orderly Shop
• Put tools, materials and supplies
away in their proper place when
finished with your projects.
47
Clean and Orderly Shop
• Clear working areas and benches of
debris and other hazards.
48
Clean and Orderly Shop
• Clean shop areas, ailes and doorways
of any obstructions or slippery
surfaces.
49
Clean and Orderly Shop
• Make sure that oily rags and
combustible materials get placed in
the proper sealed containers.
50
Clean and Orderly Shop
• Keep sufficient brooms, brushes, and
other housekeeping equipment
readily available.
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Safety in the Shop
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The shop can either be safe or dangerous; it
all depends on how you conduct your
behavior and whether you follow the rules
given to you. For the safety of your
classmates, you will be pulled out of the
shop if the rules aren’t followed.
Right to Know, Material Safety Data
Sheets
• Federal guidelines
provide that workers
have the right to be
informed as to the types
of materials being used
at a facility.
• This allows them to take
necessary precautions.
53
Material Safety Data Sheets
• MSDS sheets are available
for all chemicals used in the
Lab.
• Information contained on an
MSDS include substance
flammability, toxicity,
exposure effects, proper
handling, disposal, first aid
procedures.
54
55
Basic Carpentry Hand
Tools: Hammers
By Ryan Saucier
56
Hammers
• Various types
• Used to drive nails, pull nails and adjust
boards or move objects.
• Never strike one hammer head against another.
The force could break both hammers and cause
an eye injury.
57
58
Claw Hammer
• This classic hammer,
with the claw shaped to
maximize leverage, is
ideal for removing
nails. It is the standard
all-purpose hammer
and an indispensable
object in any tool box.
59
Straight Claw Hammer
• When nails are too close to
a wall or ceiling, the claw
hammer handle may hinder
your nail pulling efforts.
The straight claw hammer
would be more effective in
these situations, while
having other practical uses
as well (Ex: as a chisel).
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Drywall Hammer
• With its rounded and
slightly grooved hammering
surface, the drywall hammer
allows you to sink gypsum
nails without damaging or
denting the board and helps
improve the hold of the joint
compound. Its distinctive
flat claw also allows you to
remove nails easily without
damaging the board.
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Bricklayer’s Hammer
• Specialized tool with a
flat edge for carving
bricks and a hammering
surface for placing them,
the bricklayer’s hammer
is made of a specially
designed metal for
maximum performance
with masonry materials.
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Welder’s Hammer
• Multi-purpose hammer
designed for various welding
applications (such as the
removal of unwanted
fragments using either the
hammering surface or the
pointed claw), the welder’s
hammer is made with softer
metal than standard hammers
and, as such, is more resistant
to repeated impacts on metal.
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Shingler’s Hammer
• Specifically designed
for the installation of
roofing shingles, the
shingler’s hammer
comes equipped with
a blade used to trim
asphalt and cedar
shingles.
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Ball-Peen Hammer
• Much like the welder’s
hammer, this tool is
designed to work on metals,
but unlike the welder’s
hammer, its rounded head is
used primarily to shape
metal surfaces. It is also a
more compact tool than its
soft-headed cousin, making
it easier to work with in
small areas or hard-to-reach
places.
65
Mallet
• Rubber headed hammer
used in applications where
you need to strike a surface
without causing damage;
when installing floor boards
or hubcaps for instance.
Typically made of black
rubber, mallet heads are also
available in white rubber,
which helps prevent surface
marks.
66
Sledgehammer
• Available with a long
handle for hammering
in pilings or a short one
for striking a cold
chisel, sledgehammers
can be used to hammer
concrete, wood or metal
objects without fear of
damaging the tool.
67
Types of Hammer Handles
• Hammers are typically built with metal, wood or fiberglass
handles.
• There is no one type of handle that is better than the rest; it’s
all about how the handle feels in your hand, thus the
importance of trying the tool out.
• This being said, a wood handle is ideal for working in areas in
close proximity with sources of extreme heat (Ex: in some
factories) as the wood will not conduct heat.
• Note that wood handled hammers are usually less expensive
and provide another interesting advantage - the handle can be
replaced.
• However, some users find that hammers made with metal and
fiberglass handles offer better control when hammering.
68
Types of Hammer Handles
• Metal handles come in two types: flat and tubular. Here too, it
is mostly a question of preference.
• Some users prefer the flat handle for its versatility (it can be
used to straighten bent nails for example), whereas tubular
handles are less likely to mark or damage surfaces if the user
“misses the mark”.
• Keep in mind that tubular handles are less durable when it
comes to pulling difficult nails…The truth is, when a hammer
handle breaks, regardless of type or material, it is usually
because the tool was “forced” while being applied as a nail
puller or pry bar, which it isn’t.
69
Types of Hammer Handles
• Over the last few years, manufacturers began
offering hammers with anti-vibration handles.
These tools can, depending on the model,
reduce the amount of vibration felt by the user
from three to eight times when compared to a
regular hammer. A significant advantage for
everyday users!
70
Types of Hammer Heads
• The hammer head is comprised of a hammering
surface and a claw. The claw may be straight or
curved and can be used to straighten or pull nails.
• In general terms, forged steel heads provide better
quality than molded heads, which have a tendency to
become damaged with use.
71
Types of Hammer Heads
• Some hammers have a “textured” striking surface to
avoid slippage but keep in mind that these models
tend to damage the hammering surface and cause
more serious injuries when fingers get hit.
• This type of head is not to be confused with the
drywall hammer, which is slightly rounded and finely
textured to minimize the risk of damage to the
drywall board and to create small relief on the board
in order to improve the hold of the joint compound.
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Types of Hammer Heads
• Finally, there are a few
standard hammers that
come equipped with a
notch where nails may
be inserted, thus
allowing users to “start”
the nail with a hammer
strike.
73
Various Hammer Weights
• Regardless of handle material, standard hammers are offered
in 8, 13, 16, 20 and 22-ounce models: a 16-oz. hammer with
wood handle will weigh the same as a 16-oz. hammer with a
fibreglass handle.
• Though 8-oz. hammers can be useful for small jobs, 16-oz.
versions, with their optimal weight to handling ratio, are the
ultimate all-purpose models.
• 20 and 22-oz. hammers are usually intended for use by
profesionnals, in carpentry or demolition applications for
example.
• The 13-oz. hammer, designed for finishing applications such
as the installation of baseboards and mouldings, is gradually
disappearing and is being replaced by compressed air
hammers.
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Hammer Maintenance
• It is recommended that hammers be stored in a dry location and that
they be wiped down if wet.
• To avoid injury, never leave any tool within reach of a child.
• Use added caution when using a tool in proximity to electrical
installations.
• Always wear safety glasses.
• Grip the hammer firmly and strike using the entire arm and not only
the wrist.
• Never use a hammer with a damaged handle or head.
• Always look behind you before starting the required swing to make
your strike.
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In Closing…
• Use a 16-oz. hammer for your various carpentry and
household jobs as it provides the best weighthandling ratio.
• Try different handles before purchasing your
hammer; evaluate tool balance, grip comfort, and then
choose the model that feels best in your hand.
• If you keep in mind that your household hammer is
not a nail puller and is not designed for working
metal, it will no doubt provide you with many years
of carefree service.
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Immediately following this training you will be given a ten
question informational quiz. Upon completion, you will
receive a training certificate to be used as documentation.
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Electric shock
Amputation
Eye injuries
Hearing loss
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Puncture wounds
Cuts and abrasions
Contusions/crushing
Burns
Electric Shock
Improper grounding (removing the ground prong from the plug)
Not unplugging equipment when changing accessories
Frayed cords
Pulling on the cord to unplug the equipment
Standing in water or wet surfaces
Not using a ground fault circuit interrupter (GFCI)
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Amputation, puncture wounds, cuts, abrasions, contusions and burns
Removal of guards
Using damaged equipment
Improper use of equipment
Using the wrong tool
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Hearing loss and Eye injuries
Not wearing the correct personal protective
equipment (PPE) such as ear plugs or muffs
for the ears and safety glasses, goggles or
face shields for the eyes
82
Keep all tools in good condition with regular
maintenance
Use the right tool for the job
Examine each tool for damage before use and
do not use damaged tools
Operate tools according to the manufacturers’
instructions
Properly use the appropriate PPE
83
84
• Screwdrivers
Hammers
Punches
Handsaws
Chisels
Files
Hand snips
85
Axes
Knives
Box cutters
Wrenches
Crowbars/pry bars
Hooks
Pliers
86
There are five primary groups of hand power
tools based on their power source:
Electric
Pneumatic
Gasoline
Hydraulic
Powder-actuated or butane actuated
87
Electric:
Pneumatic impact tools
or air-powered tools:
Soldering irons
Circular saws
Drills
Grinders
Reciprocating saws
Sanders
Routers
88
Grinders
Nail guns
Wrenches
Hammers
EXAMPLES
89
Hydraulic
Gasoline
Powder/Butane
Compression Devices
Chain Saws
Trimmers
Blowers
Nail Guns
Stud drivers
Select the right tool for the job
Consider the tools shape and size – the tool
should be comfortable to hold
Do not select undersized tools for the job
Consider the quality of the tool including its
sharpness for cutting
90
Select power tools designed to have minimal vibration
Select power tools that provide guarding and other
safety features such as an automatic shutoff, safety
trigger, shield or kickback guard
Select electric power tools that are double-insulated
Select power tools that have the Underwriters
Laboratories symbol
91
Select spark-resistant tools when working around
flammables or explosive material
Select insulated hand tools when working around
electricity
Select battery powered tools for wet locations
92
Use a tool box, tool-holder, belt or pouch,
this will protect the person and the tool
Carry pointed or sharp tools with the point
or cutting edge away from the body
Do not carry tools by hand up ladders
Do not lay tools down where people can
trip on them or they can fall on someone
Hand tools off, do not throw them
93
Purchase tools of the best quality
Inspect tools for dull or damaged edges, and
damaged handles or grips
Redress edges and tips of tools or blades-this should
only be done by qualified personnel or the manufacturer
Replace damaged handles or grips
Inspect plugs and power cords for damage
94
Inspect air or hydraulic hoses for leaks
Clean tools with a recommended
nonflammable and nontoxic solvent
Use air drying in place of blow drying
with compressed air
95
Select and use the appropriate PPE (i.e.,
safety glasses, leather gloves, steel toed shoes)
Read and follow the manufacturer’s instructions
Create a safe work area by keeping people at a safe
distance and removing objects that may get in the way
Use the tool as it is attended to be used (i.e.,
don’t use a screwdriver as a punch, pry or wedge)
96
Disconnect electric cords when working on or
around electric appliances
Use the correct size tool for the job (i.e. match the
screwdriver with the screw head)
Pull wrenches and levers towards yourself-this
will provide better control
97
Select and use the appropriate PPE (i.e.,
safety glasses and ear plugs, steel toed shoes)
Read and follow the manufacturer’s instructions
Create a safe work area by keeping people at a safe
distance and removing objects that may get in the way
Use the tool as it is attended to be used
98
Make sure the power cord is not in the path of
blades or other cutting implements
Avoid placing cords or hoses where they
will be a tripping hazard
Never unplug a power tool with the switch
in the on position
Use a ground fault circuit interrupters
when working in wet areas
99
Make sure guards are in place
Do not over extend the arm-this can cause a
loss of balance or control of the power tool
Do not wear loose fitting cloths that can get
caught in the power tool
Unplug the power cord when changing
accessories
100
Never remove saws while blades are in motion
Do not place hands or fingers into the cutting area until
the blade has stopped
Never carry a hand powered tool by the power cord
101
Keep all tools in good condition with regular
maintenance
Use the right tool for the job
Examine each tool for damage before use and do not
use damaged tools
Operate tools according to the manufacturers’
instructions
Properly use the appropriate PPE
102
Should you have any questions in regard to
hand tool or power hand tool safety,
contact the Office of Environmental
Health and Safety at 292-1284
EHS
103
For Questions call: 292-1284 or email:
Mitch Baker or Dorian Richards
Click below to begin assessment quiz:
104
Which of these hazards is
associated with hand and
portable power tools?
A. Hearing Loss
B. Electric Shock
C. Burns
D. All of the above
105
Which of these causes injuries
while working with hand or
power tools?
A. Removal of guards
B. Using the wrong tool
C. Not using a GFCI
D. All of the above
106
To prevent injuries you should?
A. Use the correct tools for the job
B. Use the appropriate PPE
C. Follow the manufactures
recommendations for use
D. All of the above
107
Electricity is the only source of
energy for power tools?
A. True
B. False
108
While working around
flammables or explosives hand
tools should be?
A. Made of metal
B. Made of spark resistant material
C. Extra long
D. Both A and C are correct
109
Electric hand power tools
should?
A. Be double insulated
B. Carry the Underwriters Laboratories
symbol
C. Used in water
D. Both A & B are correct
110
While transporting tools?
A. They should be carried with sharp
edges away from the body
B. Placed in a tool box, belt or pouch
C. Placed in pants pockets
D. Both A and B are correct
111
Purchase tools only made of
the best quality material.
A. True
B. False
112
It is safe to use screwdrivers
as a punch, pry or wedge.
A. True
B. False
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While working in wet areas
with electric power tools a
GFCI should be used?
A. True
B. False
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1. All the above (D)
6. Both A and B (D)
2. All the above (D)
7. Both A and B (D)
3. All the above (D)
8. True (A)
4. False (B)
9. False (B)
5. Made of spark resistant
materials (C)
10. True (A)
Click here to receive certificate:
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