English Settlement in North
America
0 First and foremost- these are business enterprises
0 Try to make a profit on something (just not sure what
that is right away)
0 No real attempt to blend English society with local
culture/custom
0 Ultimately create distinct political/social institutions
0 Absolutely nothing goes according to plan
Roanoke (NC) 1584
0 Sir Walter Raleigh (and
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friends)
First Attempts by the English
to colonize North America
Poor timing to the expedition;
England gets caught up in
conflict with Spain
Supplies are scarce
Colony is considered a failure,
but it gets the ball rolling for
English colonization
Jamestown (VA) 1607
0 First successful English Settlement
0 London Co. and Plymouth Co.0
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joint-stock companies
144 men, 3 ships
Initially looking to discover gold
John Smith get credit as the
colony’s savior (in the physical
sense)
John Rolfe becomes the economic
savior- tobacco (“brown gold”)
Generally bad relationships with
Native Americans
This becomes the first of the
Southern colonies
Colony will eventually develop into
VA
Develop representative govt.
Plymouth Colony (MA) 1620
0 Pilgrims
0 Forced out of England and the
Netherlands before arriving in N.A.
0 Joint-stock company (William
Bradford)
0 Originally headed for VA; didn’t quite
work out
0 35 “Saints” and 67 “Strangers”
0 Mayflower Compact
0 1st Winter is a disaster
0 Fish/Fur for trade, some subsistence
farming, but generally a poor society
0 “Religious Freedom”
0 1st of the New England colonies, but
it doesn’t grow very large
Puritan Massachusetts Bay
1629
0 Other “Puritan” groups will start leaving
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England
MA Bay is founded by John Winthrop
(original gangster)
Huge migration- 17 ships and 1,000
passengers
This group owns it’s charter no
responsibilities to England
Congregations run the show
MA colonies are theocracies- church & state
as one
Many settlements spring up, including
Boston
MA Bay Puritans believed material wealth
may be evidence of God’s favor
Native relations are dicey at best (King
Phillip’s War, etc.)
This colony flourishes
Connecticut 1636
0 The discipline of Puritan MA Bay
does drive people away from the
colony
0 Thomas Hooker settles CT
0 Establishes Hartford
0 New Haven develops shortly
thereafter
0 Looking for better land
opportunities and an escape from
Puritan Mass Bay
0 Some drawbacks to the area- big
Native American and Dutch presence
(Pequot War w/ Natives)
0 Develop Fundamental Orders of CT
0 Gives more Men the opportunity to
vote
Rhode Island 1636
0 “The Sewer of New England”
0 Founded by Roger Williams
0 Engaging and controversial Mass Bay
minister
0 Williams encouraged total
separation from the Church of
England
0 Respectful of Natives; felt the land
belonged to them
0 Expelled from MA Bay; heads south
and establishes Providence
0 Initially all faiths free to worship
0 Establish separate church and govt.
0 Anne Hutchinson also heads hereshe challenges the role of women in
Puritan society
0 Her followers will lead to further
settlement in “Rogue’s Island”
New Hampshire 1637
0 John Wheelwright and/or
John Mason (depending
on what you read)
0 Follower of Anne
Hutchinson
0 Looking for religious
toleration separate from
the MA Bay Puritans
0 Also looking for better
land and fishing/farming
opportunities
Maryland 1632
0 George Calvert a.k.a “Lord
Baltimore”
0 Given a land grant that provides
him with a kingly power (which
was eventually passed to his son)
0 Initially relations with Natives
are good (not for long)
0 Establishes MD for a variety of
reasons:
0 Real estate development
0 Catholic refuge (all Christians will
be allowed)
0 Vast amounts of natural
resources- esp. tobacco
The Carolinas 1663
0 8 proprietors- the most prominent is
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Anthony Ashley Cooper (SC)
Religious freedom provided to all
Christian faiths
Establish a representative assembly
Starts out as one large colony but will
eventually split along geographic lines
North- tobacco farming, subsistence
agriculture, lumber/shipping
South- fertile lands (rice and cotton),
great harbor, much more profitable and
aristocratic society
Racially diverse society
African slavery will firmly take hold
here
New York 1664
0 Originally settled by the Dutch
0 James, Duke of York- granted all
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of the territory between
Maryland and Connecticut
English will bully the Dutch out
of what was then “New
Amsterdam”
Diverse region- there are a ton of
different ethnicities and religions
present
No true religious enforcement
Grows exponentially as a result
of abundant trade potential
Royal colony
New Jersey 1664
0 Lords Carteret and Berkeley
0 Good land opportunities for
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Manhattan overflow
Originally a territory set up
for unorthodox Puritans
West Jersey had a large
Quaker population
Like NY, there is plenty of
diversity
Mostly small farmers
Some excellent ports
Royal governor
Pennsylvania 1682-84
0 William Penn
0 Bequeathed territory in England
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and Ireland by his father
Acquires PA as a land grant (debt
payment from King Charles II)
The Society of Friends aka
Quakers
Pacifists- choose not to
participate in wars of
governments
Successful and prosperous from
the outset
Unbelievable planning and city
development
Develop Legislative assembly
Delaware 1684
0 Originally settled by Swedes,
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and later purchased by
William Penn
Like RI- very small
Eventually separates from PA
after putting pressure on
Penn
Had its own legislative
assembly, but was originally
controlled by PA governor
Not super profitable, but
there is enough tobacco
production to make the
colony stable
Georgia 1732
0 James Oglethorpe
0 Prison colony
0 Used as a buffer between
English and Spanish
territories
0 Military discipline
0 Will eventually develop like
SC in the agricultural sense,
though not quite as
profitable