7
Pete Arnold
Dr. Sperry P.8
21 January 2010
34
The Vichy Government
17
15
Other Names
• Vichy Regime7
• French State
• État Français
• Germany’s Puppet
Government
36
15
Background
•
•
•
•
Gov. of France set up by Germans10
Collaborated openly with Germans
July 1940- September 1944
Led by Marshal Henri Philippe Pétain
18
2
Pétain
Hitler
Causes of Vichy Regime
• German invasion of France (1940)8
• Premier Paul Reynaud elects Marshal3
Pétain to vice premier
• Raise morale 37
• War Hero
1
Causes of Vichy Regime
• June 14, 1940: Germans occupy Paris8
• France realized German army
unstoppable
5
• What do we do?
38
Causes of Vichy Regime
32
31
Vs.
22
• Paul Reynaud (French Prime minister)8
Vs.
• Marshal Pétain (vice premier) and
General Maxime Weygand (Supreme
Commander of the Armed Forces)
40
Causes of Vichy Regime
39
• Reynaud outvoted, resigns8
• Albert Lebrun now premier
• Lebrun and Pétain immediately
begin collaborating with Germans
• Reach armistice on June 22, 1940
Franco-German Armistice
• Divides country
• Surrender all Jews in France to
Germany
• French Army disbanded
• Germany keeps French POW’s
• French Forces can’t leave country
• People told not to oppose German
efforts
• France pays occupational costs for
German soldiers
11
41
42
43
Vichy Regime Beginnings
• Pierre Laval joins Vichy regime7
• Main architect of government
• July 10, 1940: Persuades National
Assembly to put Pétain in power
• Vote: 569 for, 80 against, 18 absent
23
44
18
Vichy Regime Beginnings
• Pétain assumes FULL legislative and7
executive power
• Supposed to draft new constitution
• Never happened in 4 years of
existence
17
45
Vichy Regime
• October 1940: Pétain meets with1
Hitler
• Offers his collaboration
• French now working with Germany
2
10
Vichy Regime
• Slogan Changed7
• Before: “Liberty, Equality,
Fraternity”
• After: “Work, Family, Fatherland”
• Labor charter passed
9
20
12
Vichy Regime
8
• People become more and more upset2
with Vichy Rule
• Give into Germany’s constant demands
• Vélodrome d’Hiver rafle
Vélodrome d’Hiver rafle
• July 16-17, 19425
• Greatest mass arrest of Jews on
French soil
• 13,152 Jews arrested, put in
velodrome2
• Then deported to concentration camps
29
4
Vélodrome d’Hiver rafle
Kickers
28
• 1/3 of all Jews deported to Polish
death camps in 19425
• 4,500 French police and gendarms
• French police not obliged to act
30
Verdict on Vichy Quote
“Yes, the Vél d’Hiv, Drancy, Compiègne,
and all the transit camps, these
antechambers of death, were
organized, administered, and guarded
by French people. Yes, the first act
of the Shoah (the Holocaust) was
played our here with the complicity of
the French State (the Vichy
Regime).” French Prime Minister
Jean-Pierre Raffarin, July 21, 20022
Vichy Regime
• Germany now in
massive world war7
• Need better border
security
• Allies land in Africa
• Nov. 11, 1942:
Germany occupies
all of France
• Armistice army
disbanded
47
46
24
Vichy Regime
3
• Vichy now holds
little power, few
bargaining tools
• Becomes tool of
German
government
• Pierre Laval put in
power
• Pétain now mostly
a figurehead7
The Milice
• Vichy Secret Police
• Led by Joseph Darnand
• Helped with capture/torture of
Resistance
• By 1944, had 35,000 members8
16
25
Vichy Regime
• Resistance movements begin occurring
• Gestapo and Milice Vs. Resistance8
14
48
Downfall of Vichy Regime
• June 6, 1944: D-Day invasions begin
• Vichy Gov. flees to Sigmarigen
• Set up exiled rule7
26
27
Downfall of Vichy Regime
• Allied forces along
with Resistance free
Paris
• Charles de Gaulle
abolishes Vichy
state and laws7
• Begin
arresting/prosecuting
Vichy leaders8
6
Freeing of Paris
13
End of Vichy Regime
• 1945- Laval tried and executed
War Crimes
• 1945- Darnand tried and executed
War Crimes8
23
25
End of Vichy Regime
• Pétain then flees
to Switzerland
• Returns on own
accord
• Sentenced to
death
• De Gaulle
commutes it to
life imprisonment
• Dies in jail in
19517
49
Why was Pétain was elected?
• 1916- halts Germans at battle of
Verdun
• 1918- appointed Marshal
• 1926- concludes successful Moroccan
campaign
• 1934- War minister in cabinet of
Gaston Daumergue
• 1939- Name ambassador to Spain3
Why was he elected?
19
21
33
He should not have…
• Expected to
retire at start
of WW1
• 84 years old in
1940
• Right motives,
wrong
friendships1
20
Vichy Regime Conclusion
•
•
•
•
Imprisoned 135,000
Interned 70,000
Deported 76,000 Jews
Sent 650,000 French workers to
4
Germany9
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The End