Part 6 English Critical Realism
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Part 6 English Critical Realism English and American Literature & Selected Readings ：魏晓红 : weixiaohonghd@163.co m : 13931098970 Part 6 English Critical Realism Thackeray Contents Jane Austen The Brontës George Eliot Part 6 English Critical Realism Chapter 3 Thackeray William Makepeace Thackeray 威廉•梅克皮斯•萨克雷 (1811—1863) Part 6 English Critical Realism Important Points • Thackeray’s Major Works • Main Idea of Vanity Fair • Comments on Vanity Fair • Comments on Thackeray Part 6 English Critical Realism W. M. Thackeray • Thackeray’s Life Story Part 6 English Critical Realism His Life born in India 5 years sent to England Cambridge Indian Company official cartoon drawing satirical verses edited a student paper 1830, without a degree Part 6 English Critical Realism His Life France The Natural Era Germany into politics England articles, satirical sketches Italy a bourgeois radical newspaper Vanity Fair in 1847 peak Part 6 English Critical Realism His Life success in writing career 1. tragic marriage 2. neglected by Mother failure in his life 3. looked down upon by his peers 4. heart troubles died of heart attack in London on Christmas Eve in 1863 Part 6 English Critical Realism William Makepeace Thackeray Student’s Presentation Speaker: Members: Part 6 English Critical Realism His Literary Works 1) The Book of Snobs 《势利人脸谱》《势利者集》 – It gives a satirical description of the different strata/'streitə/ of the ruling classes of England and is regarded as a prelude to Thackeray’s major literary career. Part 6 English Critical Realism His Literary Works 2) Vanity Fair 《名利场》 from Bunyan’s Pilgrim’s Progress 3) The History of Pendennis 《彭登尼斯》 4) The Newcomes 《纽克姆一家》 Part 6 English Critical Realism His Literary Works historical novels 5) The History of Henny Esmond《亨利•埃斯蒙德》 A6)truthful pictures 《弗吉尼亚人》 of England in the beginning of the The Virginians 18th century, the corrupt life of the English aristocracy. The Virginians is the sequel to Henry Esmond, dealing with the young men’s adventures during the American War of Independence, a critical and sarcastic description of English fashionable Society(上流社会). Part 6 English Critical Realism An Analysis of Vanity Fair • Basic information • Main idea • Major characters • Themes • Language features Part 6 English Critical Realism An Analysis of Vanity Fair Presentation Speaker: Members: Part 6 English Critical Realism Analysis of Vanity Fair simple, sentimental, weak, but good at heart characters Amelia Sedley Rebecca Sharp a bourgeois society cunning, immoral and quick-witted 随机应变的 shrewd, unscrupulous, sophisticated世故的 Part 6 English Critical Realism Analysis of Vanity Fair • In the novel, Becky Sharp is a classic example of this money-grubbing instinct(本能). • Everyone wishes to gain something in Vanity Fair and acts almost in the same manner as Becky. • The Story of Vanity Fair Part 6 English Critical Realism An Analysis of Vanity Fair • Comments on Vanity Fair Part 6 English Critical Realism The Characteristics of Vanity Fair (1) Vanity Fair has a sub-title, A Novel Without a Hero, which intends to portray the bourgeois and aristocratic society as a whole. Part 6 English Critical Realism The Characteristics of Vanity Fair (2) Vanity Fair is work of social criticism, and is noted for the author’s realistic depiction, the ironic and sarcastic tone and constant comment and criticism. (3) In Vanity Fair, Thackeray gives block characters(人物群体 ). Part 6 English Critical Realism The Characteristics of Vanity Fair (4) Thackeray uses symbolism in Vanity Fair. (5) Thackeray employs an omniscient/ɔm΄nisiənt/ (无所不知的) narrator to tell the story Part 6 English Critical Realism Comments on Thackeray 1) Thackeray is one of the greatest critical realists of the 19th century Europe. 2) Thackeray is a satirist. His satire ΄caustic(刻薄的，尖锐的) and his humor subtle(精妙的). Part 6 English Critical Realism Comments on Thackeray 3) Thackeray is a moralist. His aim is to produce a moral impression in all his novels. Part 6 English Critical Realism Assignment (3) 1. Remember Thackeray’s major works. 2. Give an analysis of Vanity Fair. 3. Comment on Thackeray and his novels. Part 6 English Critical Realism Chapter 4 Some Women Writers Part 6 English Critical Realism I. Jane Austen Jane Austen 简·奥斯丁 1775—1817 Part 6 English Critical Realism Important Points • Austen’s 6 Novels • Its Main Idea of P.P • An Analysis of Pride and Prejudice • Comments on Austen and Her Works Part 6 English Critical Realism Jane Austen’s Life Hampshire rector(教区长) educated at home read a lot restricted environment Part 6 English Critical Realism Jane Austen’s Life quiet retired uneventful limited writing at an early age never married six novels died in 1817, 42 years old Part 6 English Critical Realism Pride and Prejudice Reporter： Members: Part 6 English Critical Realism Her 6 Novels 1. Northanger Abbey – 《诺桑觉寺》 2. Sense and Sensibility – 《理智与情感》 3. Pride and Prejudice – 《傲慢与偏见》 (It went begging/没人要/ for 16 years) Part 6 English Critical Realism Her 6 Novels 4. Mansfield Park – 《曼斯菲尔德花园》 5. Emma – 《爱玛》 6. Persuasion – 《劝告》 Part 6 English Critical Realism Characteristics of Her Works 1. Jane Austen is one of the realistic novelists. She drew vivid and realistic pictures of everyday life of the country society in her novels. Part 6 English Critical Realism Characteristics of Her Works • 2.Jane Austen’s main concern is about human beings in their personal relations, human beings with their families and neighbors. • Stories of love and marriage provide the framework for all her novels and in them women are always taken as the major characters. Part 6 English Critical Realism Three of Types of Marriage (1) those who marry for money, position and property, (2) those who marry just for passion , (3) those who marry for love based on consideration of the person’s personal merit as well as his economical and social status. Part 6 English Critical Realism Characteristics of Her Works 3. Jane Austen’s work has a very narrow literary field. 4. Jane Austen is a writer who regards novel writing as a sophisticated art. • She keeps the balance between fact and form. Part 6 English Critical Realism Other Features • Jane Austen is successful in the employment of irony and frequent use of witty and delightful dialogues . Part 6 English Critical Realism The Themes • The first theme is pride and prejudice. • Another theme is love and marriage. Part 6 English Critical Realism Pride and Prejudice • The main idea of Pride and Prejudice Part 6 English Critical Realism Pride and Prejudice, First Impression • The book mainly tells of the love story between a rich, proud young man Darcy and the beautiful and intelligent Elizabeth Bennet. • None of the daughters of the wealthy family can inherit the estate (property) of the family for it has been entailed (把遗产留给) upon the nearest male heir, William Collins. Part 6 English Critical Realism Pride and Prejudice, First Impression • Collins intends to marry and he decides to choose Elizabeth. But Elizabeth rejects his proposal. • When another young man called Darcy proposes to Elizabeth, she has prejudice against him because she thinks that he has nothing but pride. • After many twists and turns, misunderstanding disappears and they are happily united. Part 6 English Critical Realism Assignment (4) 1. Remember Austen’s six novels. 2. Tell the main idea of Pride and Prejudice. 3. What are Austen’s ideas of marriage. 4. Comment on Austen’s characteristics of her novels. Part 6 English Critical Realism The Brontë Sisters布郎蒂三姐妹 Part 6 English Critical Realism The Brontë sisters Charlotte Brontë (1816—1855) • Emily Brontë (1818—1848) • Anne Brontë (1820—1849) • They were all talented writers and all of them died young. Part 6 English Critical Realism The Brontë Sisters布郎蒂三姐妹 Charlotte Brontë (1816—1855) Emily Brontë (1818—1848) Anne Brontë (1820—1849) Part 6 English Critical Realism Their Life Story a poor clergyman family 1820, move to of Celtic blood Haworth of Yorkshire untouched moorland unhappy childhood wildness with its strong winds mother’s death; stern and dominant father; strict aunt; lack of suitable society Part 6 English Critical Realism Life Story Charlotte, took care of sisters and brother, Branwell lovers of literature The three sisters charity school very poor condition read a lot poems and stories together Part 6 English Critical Realism Life Story Charllote, Emily Brussels in 1842 unrequited love(单恋) failed French & German to open up a school Charlotte, a teacher a volume novels succeeded Part 6 English Critical Realism misfortunes 1848, Emily died a victim of consumption(肺结核) 1848, Branwell died of the illness; 1849, Anne died of the same illness; Father lost his eyesight Charlotte decided Charlotte died less than not to be married a year after her marriage. to look after Father; Later married to Father’s curate /ˊkjuəreit/(副牧师) Part 6 English Critical Realism English Literature The Brontë Sisters Reporter: Members： Part 6 English Critical Realism Representative works • Charlotte: 1) The Professor,《教授》 (based on her Brussels experience; not published until her death) 2) Jane Eyre,《简爱》 (masterpiece) 3) Shirley,《舍丽》 (after Anne’s death), 4) Villette,《维莱特》 (based on her sad days in Brussels) Part 6 English Critical Realism Representative works • Emily: • Wuthering Heights,《呼啸山庄》 • Anne: • Agnes Grey,《安格尼斯·格雷》 Part 6 English Critical Realism Charlotte Brontë Charlotte Brontë 夏洛特·布朗蒂 (1818—1848) Part 6 English Critical Realism Jane Eyre Student’s Presentation Speaker: Members: Part 6 English Critical Realism Charlotte’s Writing Features • Both Charlotte and Emily write about their familiar things around them. • A: Charlotte’s Writing Features: 1) Charlotte’s novels are all about lonely and neglected young women with a fierce longing for life and love. Part 6 English Critical Realism Charlotte’s Writing Features 2) Her novels are more or less based on her own experience and feelings and the life as she sees around. 3) Although her objective descriptions are detailed and exact, she is a subjective writer. Part 6 English Critical Realism Charlotte’s Writing Features 4) Her works are marked with an intensity of a volcanic(暴烈的) imagination and fiery passions and feelings, such as extreme fear, despair, and love, which an only be understood as her own. Part 6 English Critical Realism Jane’s Character • Jane has rebellious character, fighting for freedom, equal right with man, and true love Part 6 English Critical Realism Emily Brontë Emily Brontë 艾米丽·布朗蒂 (1818—1848) Part 6 English Critical Realism An Analysis of Wuthering Heights Student’s Presentation Speaker: Members: Part 6 English Critical Realism Emily’s Writing Features 1) She expresses the feelings of the hero in terms of spiritual suppress, tension and conflicts and the result to which such a feeling would lead. 2) Her novel is unique in its structure and its vision. Part 6 English Critical Realism Emily’s Writing Features 3) In her novel, there is the combination of extremely simple, austere(简朴的) and an adorned(修饰的) language with the most mighty and intensified effects(强大而有力 的). Part 6 English Critical Realism Main Idea of Some Novels 1) Jane Eyre 2) Wuthering Heights Part 6 English Critical Realism Assignments 1. Remember the representative works of the three Brontë Sisters. 2. What are the writing features of Charlotte and Emily? 3. What are the main idea of Jane Eyre and Wuthering Height. Part 6 English Critical Realism George Eliot George Eliot 乔治·艾略特 1819—1880 Mary Ann Evans 玛丽安·伊万斯 Part 6 English Critical Realism G. Eliot’s Major Works 1.Translation: • The Essence of Christianity 《基督教的本质》 2. Editor of The Westminster Review 《威斯敏斯特评论》 Part 6 English Critical Realism G. Eliot’s Major Works Three stories: 1) “The Sad Fortunes of the Reverend Amos Barton” “阿莫斯·巴顿牧师的不幸遭遇” 2) “Mr Gilfil’s Lover Story” “吉尔菲尔先生的恋爱史” 3) “Janet’s Repentance” “珍妮特的忏悔” 3. Scenes of Clerical Life 《教区生活场景》1857 Part 6 English Critical Realism G. Eliot’s Major Works – Remarkable Novels: – 4. Adam Bede 《亚当·比德》 – 5.The Mill on the Floss description 《弗洛斯河上的磨房》 of – 6. Silas Marner 《织工马南》 rural life; moral problems; psychological studies of characters Part 6 English Critical Realism G. Eliot’s Major Works 7. Romola 《罗慕拉》1863 a historical novel of the Renaissance in Italy problems of religion and morality studied more than 500 books and documents in relation to art, antiquity(古人) and old MSS manuscripts Part 6 English Critical Realism G. Eliot’s Major Works • 8. Felix Holt the Radical， 1866 《费立可斯·霍尔特》 • 9. Middlemarch， (1871—1872) 《米德尔马契》 • 10. Daniel Deronda， 1876 《丹尼尔·德龙达》 Part 6 English Critical Realism Comments 1. The plot of Adam Bede is founded on a story of a confession of _________________. childmurder 2. Adam Bede is a novel of ___________________. Moral conflicts 3. The theme of ____________________ is social inequality blended with the Eliot’s moralization. Part 6 English Critical Realism Comments 4. In The Mill on the floss, Maggie’s character is moralization tinged with the author’s___________________. 5. The tragic doom of Maggie virtually shows the irreconcilability of a gifted and noble-minded bourgeois reality personality with______________________. Part 6 English Critical Realism Comments 6. ___________________are the major characters in Tom and Maggie The Mill on the Floss. 7. _______________marks a retrogression, believing Silas Marner in the sentimental “religion of humanity”(博爱， 慈善) and cherished the illusion (幻想) that __________ humanity and love could do away with the evils of capitalism. Part 6 English Critical Realism George Eliot Student’s Presentation George Eliot’s Silas Marner Part 6 English Critical Realism Silas Marner’s Character …So had his way of life:—he invited no comer to step across his door-sill, and he never strolled into the village to drink a pint品脱 at the Rainbow, or to gossip at the wheelwright’s: he sought no man or woman, save for the purposes of his calling… —George Eliot, Silas Marner, p.6 Part 6 English Critical Realism Assignments 1. What are George Eliot’s major works? 2. Write an essay on one of Eliot’s works within 2000 words. Part 6 English Critical Realism Assignments 3. 记忆作业：牢记作家的主要作品及写 作风格。 4. 阅读作业：上网查阅《亚当彼得》、 《弗洛斯河上的磨坊》、《米德尔马契》 的故事梗概，了解作品的主题思想。 5. 预习作业：Part 7 Mr and Mrs Brownings, Tennyson Part 6 English Critical Realism Goodbye.
