The Progressive Era
Chapter Nine
Chapters in Brief –
Questions
1. Describe the four areas of Progressive reform.
2. How did women’s lives change in the early
twentieth century?
3. What policies did Teddy Roosevelt pursue?
4. Why did the Republican Party split, and what
was the result?
5. What progressive reforms did Woodrow Wilson
advance, and which did he do little or nothing
to achieve?
Chapters in Brief –
Answers
1. Describe the four areas of Progressive reform.
> protecting social welfare
> promoting moral reform
(such as Prohibition)
> reforming the economy
(busting trusts)
(reforming business practices)
> making businesses more efficient
(scientific management / assembly line)
Chapters in Brief –
Answers
2. How did women’s lives change in the early
twentieth century?
> In the early 1900s, more women entered the
workforce. Many middle and upper-class
women joined groups to promote culture and
reform movements, including the effort to
improve the lives of African-American women
and to win suffrage for women.
3. What policies did Teddy Roosevelt pursue?
> Roosevelt pushed for a strong national
government through government intervention
in regulating business and conserving
wilderness.
Chapters in Brief –
Answers
4. Why did the Republican Party split, and what
was the result?
> the Republican Party split when Roosevelt
and progressives objected to Taft’s slow pace
on reform. The result was that Wilson won
the White House and Democrats won
Congress.
5. What progressive reforms did Woodrow Wilson
advance, and which did he do little or nothing
to achieve?
> Wilson pushed for reforms in business and
banking, but did little or nothing to aid
women and African Americans to win equal
rights.
DBQ Progressivism –
Questions and Answers
Background Essay
1. When was the Progressive Period?
1890 to 1920
2. What was the poverty level in dollars for a
family of six in 1900? $600
3. What was the average earnings of an American
worker in 1900?
$500
4. What three Presidents served during the
Progressive Period?
Teddy Roosevelt / William Howard Taft
Woodrow Wilson
DBQ Progressivism –
Questions and Answers
Background Essay
5. What were two areas where Progressivism
made little or no change?
reducing racial segregation
assisting the growth of workers’ unions
6. Define each of the following:
underside: the dark side; the hidden problems
that are not usually talked about
muckraker: a Progressive era reformer who wrote
about social problems of the time
DBQ Progressivism –
Questions and Answers
Background Essay
6. Define each of the following:
Progressivism: reform period in US history that
lasted from about 1900 to 1920
DBQ Progressivism –
Questions and Answers
Document A
DBQ Progressivism –
Questions and Answers
Document A
1. Who is the man in the cartoon?
Teddy Roosevelt
2. Why is he represented in this way (hunting,
his attire)?
Roosevelt is an avid hunter and once
spared a bear
3. What is he doing?
he is distinguishing between good and bad
trusts
DBQ Progressivism –
Questions and Answers
Document A
4. What do the bears represent?
good trusts and bad trusts (monopolies)
5. What has the man done with the bears?
What does this represent?
good trusts = properly restrained by the
government
bad trusts = prevention of corporations
dominating the market
Roosevelt was the first president to exercise
his powers
DBQ Progressivism –
Questions and Answers
Document B
DBQ Progressivism –
Questions and Answers
Document B
1. What are two political problems identified by
Joseph J. Keppler in this cartoon?
> corporate business threatening over
small senators
> people have no say (door closed and
bolted)
2. What is / are the specific meanings of the
objects?
the galleries stand empty while the special
interests have floor privileges
DBQ Progressivism –
Questions and Answers
Document B
3. What is the main idea that the illustrator /
author is trying to get across?
> growth of American industry with a
disturbing trend of increase monopolies
> excessive influence on politics
DBQ Progressivism –
Questions and Answers
Document C
1. State two ways the 17th amendment
addressed the concern expressed in the
political cartoon (Document B).
> regular votes elect Senators
> end corruption in government
DBQ Progressivism –
Questions and Answers
Document D
1. According to this political party platform, what
were five specific problems that led to the
foundation of the Populist Party?
a. corruption in voting
b. isolation of voters
c. public opinion silenced
d. denied unionization / protests / strikes
e. work of many for few to become wealthy
DBQ Progressivism –
Questions and Answers
Document E
1. What was a breaker boy?
a breaker boy was a young mine worker
whose job was to separate coal from slate
rock as it came up and out from the coal
mine
2. How old were the two boys who were injured
and killed at the Lee Breaker?
15 years old
DBQ Progressivism –
Questions and Answers
Document E
3. What is the main idea of the Lewis Hine
report?
the main idea is that some children in
America in the early 19th century were
legally employed doing dangerous and
unhealthy work
4. How does the photograph help support the
report’s descriptions?
the photo shows young boys working in
dark and cramped conditions sorting coal
DBQ Progressivism –
Questions and Answers
Document F
1. State two problems faced by cities in the
United States in the late 1800s.
hunger / sanitation
2. Identify one reform that was proposed by
Progressives to improve this situation.
child labor laws
DBQ Progressivism –
Questions and Answers
Document G
1. State two ways reformers tried to stop the sale
of intoxicating liquors in the United States.
> prohibition (18th amendment)
> temperance reformers
2. Analyze the two maps. What can be concluded
regarding prohibition?
under the 18th amendment, many states
became “dry” and followed prohibition laws
DBQ Progressivism –
Questions and Answers
Document H
1. What is “the ballot”? refers to the right to vote
2. Why does Jane Addams say that it is
necessary for women to get the ballot?
women’s votes were necessary to elect
people who would support social reforms.
Addams apparently thought women were
more interested in social issues like health
and education than men were
DBQ Progressivism –
Questions and Answers
Document H
1. In the photo the sign being displayed reads, “Mr.
President, How Long Must Women Wait For
Liberty?” The protesters were standing in front of
the White House. Was this a good way for women
to fight for the vote? Why or why not?
many would say that it is a very American
way to get one’s opinion across. Peaceful
protests that draw attention have been used by
reformers to move Presidents and leaders into
action. At the time, however many felt it was
not proper for women to protest so boldly. But
these brave women did so anyway even though
many made fun of them.
DBQ Progressivism –
Questions and Answers
Document I
1. What detail from Upton Sinclair’s book is the
most disgusting to you? Opinion Question
2. If you were alive in 1906, and had just read
this book, what might you decide to do to
change the situation?
Opinion Question
3. How does the photo support Sinclair’s claims
about the meat-packing industry?
the photo shows men working in a
slaughterhouse that is dirty, bloody, and
not sterile. They are not wearing protective
gloves
DBQ Progressivism –
Questions and Answers
Document J
1. What was the purpose of fostering efficiency?
making society and the workplace more
efficient
2. Define Taylorism.
scientific management where efficiency is
improved by breaking down tasks into
simpler parts
3. How does the photograph promote fostering
efficiency?
each assembly line worker has a specific
task to do; hence, it speeds up production
Chapters in Brief
Overview
In the first two decades of the
1900s, Americans embrace the
Progressive movement and many
of its reforms.
Progressivism
Objective
Explain how the progressive
movement increased
government regulations of
business and protected
society from the injustices of
big business
THE ORIGINS
OF
PROGRESSIVISM
CHAPTER 9 – SECTION 1
Chapters in Brief
As the 1900s opened, reformers pushed for a range of
charges to society in a movement called
Progressivism, which had four major goals:
1. Protecting social welfare by easing the ills of
urban society. The YMCA built libraries and
exercise facilities while the Salvation Army
offered the urban poor food and nursery car.
2. Promoting moral improvement, especially by
working to ban alcoholic beverages.
Prohibitionists – many of whom were members of
the Woman’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU)
– often came into conflict with immigrant groups.
The saloons reformers served vital functions such
as offering cheap meals in immigrant communities
Chapters in Brief
3. Reforming the economy. Some criticized the vast wealth
amassed by industrialist and the treatment of workers
Journalists called “muckrakers” published stories about
business corruption and unfair practices.
4. Making businesses more efficient and profitable.
Scientific management and the adoption of goods
enabled factories to increase production.
Progressives also reformed politics at the local and state
levels. Reform mayors routed corruption out of Detroit and
Cleveland, among other cities. Wisconsin Governor Robert
M. LaFollette took steps to regulate businesses in his state.
Reformers managed to pass laws in almost every state to
ban child labor and limited the number of hours women
could work. Reformers passed laws requiring the use of
secret ballots in elections and allowing voters to remove
elected officials from office. The Seventeenth Amendment
allowed for voters to elect senators directly.
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The Origins of Progressivism
Overview of Progressivism Video
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=
uFlOLyMwnjU
The Origins of Progressivism
• Reformers struggled to make
government more responsive to
the people
• they sought to restore economic
opportunities to ALL Americans
• they wanted to correct injustices
in American life
• these ideas fueled progressivism
Progressivism: a local and
national
movement by
reformers in
America to make
the government
respond to the
needs of the
people.
Four Goals of Progressivism
• the Progressive Era lasted from 1890 to 1920
• at the dawn of the new century, middle class reformers
addressed many of the problems that had contributed
to the social upheavals of the 1890s by:
– exposing unsafe factory conditions
– questioning the dominant role of big business
– struggling to make government more responsive to
the people
• together, these reform efforts formed the Progressive
Movement
progressive movement: the aim to restore economic
opportunities and to correct
injustices in American life
Four Goals of Progressivism
1.
2.
3.
4.
Protecting social welfare
Promoting moral improvement
Creating economic reform
Fostering efficiency
Protecting Social Welfare
Reformers worked to soften harsh conditions and help
the poor
•
the YMCA opened libraries, sponsored classes, and
built swimming pools, and handball courts
•
the Salvation Army fed poor people (soup kitchens)
•
many women were inspired by the settlement houses
Florence Kelley
- advocate for improving the lives of women
and children
- she was appointed chief inspector of
factories for Illinois
- helped to win passage of the Illinois
Factory Act of 1893
Illinois Factory Act: prohibited child labor,
limited women’s working
hours, and became a
model for other states
Promoting Moral Improvement
•
other reformers felt morality
was more important than the
workplace; morality held the
key to improving the lives of
poor people
•
many of these reformers
favored prohibition
Prohibition: the banning of
alcoholic beverages
•
prohibitionist groups feared
that alcohol was undermining
American morals
•
the Women’s Christian
Temperance Movement
(WCTM) led the crusade of
prohibition
•
the prohibition movement
caused tension with many of
the immigrant groups over the
closure of local saloons
Creating Economic Reform
•
the panic of 1893 caused
many people to question
capitalist system
•
Eugene V. Debs, a union
leader, saw an uneven
balance of wealth among big
business, government, and
ordinary people, and
embraced socialism
•
most people did not favor
socialism, but did believe in
Deb’s criticisms
•
he criticized business for
receiving favorable
treatment from government
•
Muckrakers wrote about
corrupt business and public
life
Fostering Efficiency
• many progressive leaders
used scientific principles to
make the workplace more
efficient
• Henry Ford created an
assembly line to speed up
production
• people worked like
machines.
• there was high turnover
due to injuries
• Ford paid $5 a day for eight
hours of work – great pay for
the time
Assembly Line Activity
1. Teacher will have students count off in
fives.
2. Get in your designated group number.
3. Teacher will hand out assembly line
worker sign-up sheet.
4. Students, per group, will sign up for
job description.
5. Teacher will hand out description of
assignment.
Assembly Line Activity
Note: There are people in your group that
are injured – figure out how to run
the assembly line
• Window Person: lost right arm– can
only complete the task with left hand
(right hand needs to be behind your
back)
• Tire Person: lost left leg– has to stand
the entire time on right leg only
Cleaning Up State Government
Reforming at the State Level
•
progressive governors passed state laws to regulate railroads, mines,
mills, telephone companies, and large businesses.
•
protected working children- legislation passed to ban child labor
•
limits on working hours– no more than ten hours a day
•
provided workers’ compensation- help for families of workers killed or hurt
on the job
•
•
reforming elections
–
Initiatives = a bill originated by the people rather than lawmakers
–
Referendums = vote on the initiative
–
Recall = enabled voters to remove public officials from elected
positions by forcing them to face another election before the end of
their term if enough voters asked for it
direct election of Senators (17th Amendment)- Senators no longer
appointed by state legislature
Mueller v. Oregon
1908 - Mueller v. Oregon
– Louis D. Brandeis (assisted by Florence Kelley and
Josephine Goldmark) argued poor working women
were much more economically insecure than large
corporations.
–
they asserted that women’s protection is required
by the state against powerful employers.
– Mueller v. Oregon
confirmed that
labor laws designed to protect women specifically
are constitutional, even while ruling that similar
laws for men are not.
–
Supreme Court rationale that was used to rule
the Oregon state law
limiting women’s working
hours was legal because
women are the only gender
able to have children (hence the
that
state is justified in creating laws to protect them).
–
other states used this to limit women’s working
hours to ten a day.
Effects of Mueller v. Oregon
Positive Results
• Women empowered to
organize into unions
– increased job
training for women
– gave legal focus
and direction
(renewed women’s
liberation
movement)
Essential Question
How did Prohibition fit into the
reformation movement?
Answer the question in three complete sentences in your summary section
WOMEN
IN
PUBLIC LIFE
CHAPTER 9 – SECTION 2
Chapters in Brief
On the nation’s farms, women continued to play
the vital roles they had filled earlier. They helped
with the farm’s crops and animals as well as
cooking, cleaning, sewing, and child rearing.
Many urban women who lacked education joined
the work force by becoming servants. AfricanAmericans and unmarried immigrant women
often used this route to employment. At the turn
of the century, one in five American women held
jobs outside the home; 25 percent worked in
manufacturing. Half of them toiled in the
garment industry. With the growth of business,
more and more women worked in offices as
stenographers and typists. As a result, more
women sought high school educations to train for
these jobs.
Chapters in Brief
Many middle- and upper-class women joined groups
aiming to promote culture. The number of women’s
colleges grew, and many who graduated from these colleges
joined the reform movements. Major goals of these
movements were making workplace and home safer. The
National Association of Colored Women helped African
Americans by creating nurseries, reading rooms, and
kindergartens.
Many women joined in the efforts to seek the right to vote,
or suffrage. Spearheading the effort was the National
American Woman Suffrage Association. Wyoming in 1869,
became the first state to grant this right to women. Some
other western states followed suit. Another effort failed
when the Supreme Court ruled that the Constitution did
not guaranteed women the right to vote. Women pushed
for an amendment to the Constitution granting suffrage,
but for the first two decades of the 1900s, it did not pass.
Women in the Work Force
Women’s Role in the Work Force
• pre-Civil War many middle-class women stayed home
(expectation to be mothers)
• farm women took care of household duties and farm
work
• Industry Women
– 20% of women worked in 1900
– textile jobs (clothing production) were the most
common factory jobs for women
– most women who held these jobs were single
• women also began to fill jobs that required a high
school education (offices, classrooms, stores)
• many women without education did domestic work,
such as cleaning for other families.
Women Lead Reform
• Dangerous
conditions, low
wages, and
long hours led
many female
industrial
workers to
push for reform
Women and Reform
•
uneducated laborers started efforts to reform workplace health and
safety
•
women were not allowed to vote or run for office - female reformers
strove to improve conditions at work and home
•
Susan B. Anthony was one of the leading proponents of woman
suffrage
Suffrage: the right to vote
Women and Reform
•
Susan B. Anthony and
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
founded the National Women
Suffrage Associate (NWSA)
•
Women suffrage faced
constant opposition:
– liquor industry feared
women would vote for
prohibition
–
textile industry worried
women would vote for
stopping child labor
–
men feared the new roles
of women
Three-Part Strategy for
Suffrage
1.
try to convince state
legislatures to grant
women the right to vote
2.
pursue court cases to test
the 14th Amendment
–
tried to vote over 150
times in ten states
3.
push for a national
constitutional amendment
to grant women the vote
–
constantly introduced
and voted down
Essential Question
How did Susan B. Anthony help
the cause of women?
Answer the question in three complete sentences in your summary section
TEDDY ROOSEVELT’S
SQUARE DEAL
CHAPTER 9 – SECTION
3
Chapters in Brief
When President William McKinley was killed in 1901,
Theodore Roosevelt became president. He showed great
energy and bold decision making and won publicity. He
launched a program of reforms called the “Square Deal.”
With his vigorous leadership, he changed the presidency.
Roosevelt thought that a more complex American society
needed a powerful federal government. He intervened in a
bitter 1902 coal strike to lead both sides to an agreement.
He had the government sue business trusts to improve
competition. He pushed through laws increasing
government’s power to regulate railroads. His actions
during a Pennsylvania coal strike set a precedent of
government intervention when a strike threatened public
welfare. After reading a book, The Jungle, that exposed
poor sanitary practices in the meatpacking industry,
Roosevelt gained passage of the Meat Inspection Act. The
Pure Food and Drug Act banned food processors from
adding dangerous chemicals to food or from making false
claims regarding medicines. Roosevelt also took steps to
Chapters in Brief
preserve the nation’s wild natural areas. Roosevelt,
though, did not back civil rights for African Americans. So
black leaders, plus some white reformers, formed the
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
(NAACP) in 1909 to push for full racial equality.
A Rough-Riding President
Getting To Know “Teddy”
• image is on Mt. Rushmore
• became famous at the Battle of
San Juan Hill in Cuba
• signed treaty to build the Panama
Canal
• 1st American to receive the Nobel
Peace Prize
• shot in 1912 while campaigning
(saved by a book in his pocket)
• 1st President to visit a foreign
country while in office
• wrote several books
A Rough-Riding President
1.
leader in New York politics
2.
New York City Police
Commissioner
3.
Assistant Secretary of the
Navy
4.
Rough Rider = volunteer
cavalry brigade acclaimed
for his role in the battle of
San Juan Hill in Cuba
5.
Governor of New York
6.
Vice President of the United
States
7.
became president after
President McKinley was
assassinated in Buffalo
A Rough-Riding President
some biographical facts about
Teddy Roosevelt
–
at the time of his election,
Roosevelt was the youngest
President of the United
States
–
he was 42 at the time of his
inauguration
–
he was an active President,
and enjoyed boxing (blinded
in left eye), and horseback
riding (galloped 100 miles
just to show he could)
–
he thought that the federal
government was responsible
for the national welfare
–
he though the common
people should get a “Square
Deal”
Election of 1904
Teddy Roosevelt’s Square Deal
Teddy Roosevelt’s
“Square Deal”
was his program
of progressive
reforms designed
to protect the
common people
against big
business
Using Federal Power
Roosevelt was convinced
that modern America
required a powerful federal
government
• Roosevelt had a
renewed focus on trustbusting
• Roosevelt did not see all
trusts as bad
• many trusts lowered
their prices to drive
competitors out of the
market and then took
advantage of the lack of
competition to jack
prices higher
• Roosevelt wanted to
stop trust actions that
hurt the people
Using Federal Power
1. What do the lions stand for?
Answer: the lions represent the
powerful business men who run
the trusts.
2. Why are all the lions coming out of
a door labeled “Wall Street”?
Answer: Wall Street stands for
the location of the New York
Stock Exchange and the power
of big corporations.
3. What do you think the cartoonist
thinks about trust-busting?
Answer: The positive image of
Roosevelt suggests that the
cartoonist admires Roosevelt’s
efforts at trust-busting.
Roosevelt is not afraid and
welcomes the chance to bring
over and curb the power of big
business.
Using Federal Power
•
1902 Coal Strike
– 140,000 coal miners in PA went on
strike– demanded 20% pay raise,
nine hour work day, and the right to
organize a union
– the mine operators refused to
bargain
– five months into the strike, coal
reserves ran low, and Roosevelt was
forced to intervene and called both
sides to the White House to
negotiate
– Roosevelt’s actions demonstrated a
new principle that government could
intervene if a strike hurt the public
interest
•
Railroad Regulations
– Roosevelt’s real goal was federal
regulation
– there were new federal regulations
to limited railroads (rates, limited
distribution of free railroad passes.
etc.)
Health and the Environment
•
the Jungle, by Upton Sinclair, led to
the Meat Inspection Act and the Pure
Food & Drug Act
•
the Meat Inspection Act was a law
enacted in 1906 that established
strict cleanliness requirements for
meatpackers and created a meatinspection program
•
Pure Food & Drug Act
- if people had accurate
information about products
they would make good
choices
- many children’s products
contained opium, cocaine,
and/or alcohol
- products made ridiculous and
untrue claims
- it halted the sale of
contaminated foods and
medicine and called for
truth in labeling
Upton Sinclair – “The Jungle”
1. After reading this, what do you think the
public would be the most upset about?
2. Give at least three examples of the terrible
working conditions?
3. Infer what some of the sights, sounds, and
smells that one might hear in this meat
packing plant?
4. Predict what might happen once the public
reads about the meat packing industry?
Welcome to the Jungle
Have an Appetite for Destruction?
Upton Sinclair’s “The Jungle”
Sir Paul McCartney / Michael Jackson,
“Say Say Say”
(5:54)
http://www.schooltube.com/vid
eo/31d956fd9ef6737cd887/Up
ton-Sinclairs-The-Jungle
(5:19)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uVp
nng-rK1U
Health and the Environment
Conservation Natural Resources
•
many Americans were
exploiting natural resources
•
Progressives believed in using
experts to solve problems
•
Gifford Pinchot headed the
U.S. Forest Service
•
he believed some areas
should be exempt from sale
in order to keep them natural
•
other areas would be
developed for the common
good
Roosevelt and Civil Rights
•
Progressives were mostly
concerned with middle-class
whites
•
W. E. Du Bois and others were
upset by this indifference to
racial injustice
•
Roosevelt did work with some
African-Americans (appointed
an African American as head of
the South Carolina
Customhouse, Booker T.
Washington was invited to the
White House, etc.)
•
In response to the indifference
of the Progressives, the NAACP
was formed in 1909
“Extra, Extra…Read All About It
1. Create five problem-solution diagrams to show how
the following problems were addressed during
Roosevelt’s presidency:
a. 1902 coal strike
b. unsafe meat processing
c. racial injustices
d. exploitation of environment
e. Northern Securities Company Monopoly
Problems
Solutions
2. Create newspaper headings announcing the solutions.
3. Pick one heading and solution.
4. Create a visual illustration to represent the solution.
5. Write a “news article” about the solution. (3 – 5 sentences)
Essential Question
What scandalous practices did
Upton Sinclair expose in his
novel “The Jungle”? How did the
American public and President
Roosevelt respond?
Answer the question in three complete sentences in your summary section
PROGRESSIVISM UNDER
TAFT
CHAPTER 9 – SECTION 4
Chapters in Brief
William Howard Taft became president in 1909. He pursued
many Progressive policies but more cautiously – and with less
publicity – than Roosevelt. And he divided his own party. One
issue was the tariff. Taft wished to lower the tariffs. When
conservatives in the Senate passed a weakened version of the
measure, Taft signed it anyway and Progressives complained. He
also angered conservationists by appointing officials who favored
development of wild lands rather than preservation of them.
With the Republican Party split between reformers and
conservatives, Democrats won control of the House for the first
time in almost two decades. In 1912, Roosevelt tried to regain the
Republican nomination for president. Failing that, Roosevelt
formed a third party – the Bull Moose party – and ran on a
platform of reform. The Democrats nominated reformer Woodrow
Wilson, the governor of New Jersey. As Taft and Roosevelt bitterly
denounced each other, Wilson won the election – and a
Democratic majority in Congress. About three-quarters of the
vote went to candidates in favor of economic reform.
WILSON’S
NEW FREEDOM
CHAPTER 9 – SECTION 5
Chapters in Brief
A religious and scholarly man, Wilson stayed independent of party
bosses and pursued his policies of reform called the “New
Freedom.” With the Clayton Anti-Trust Act of 1914, the government
strengthened laws against business trusts and workers’ rights. The
Federal Trade Act created the Federal Trade Commission to
investigate unfair business practices. Another law lowered tariffs.
With decreased tariff revenues, the government began collecting
taxes on workers’ income. Wilson also secured passage of a law
creating the Federal Reserve System to improve the nation’s
banking practices. Meanwhile, women continued in their drive to
win the right to vote. As of 1910, women’s suffrage was approved in
five states. Defeats in other states, though, led some women to try
more militant tactics. Alice Paul organized a group that picketed
the White House and the Democratic Party. Finally, the Nineteenth
Amendment, ratified 1920, gave women the right to vote.
Wilson did not push social reform ideas. He did Wilson little to
support women’s suffrage, nor did he help African Americans. In
fact, he appointed southerners who took steps to extend
segregation. Blacks who had voted for Wilson felt betrayed, and a
meeting between Wilson and African American leaders ended in
anger.
Wilson’s Background
• he spent his youth in the
South during the Civil War
and Reconstruction
• he had strict upbringing
from his minister father
• before entering politics, he
was lawyer, history
professor, and president of
Princeton University
• elected Governor of New
Jersey 1910– supported
progressive legislative
programs
- direct primary
- worker’s compensation
- regulation of public utilities and
railroads
Wilson’s Wins Financial Reform
• like Theodore Roosevelt, Woodrow Wilson
claimed progressive ideals, but he had a
different idea for federal government
• Wilson believed in attacking large
concentrations of powers to give greater
freedom to average citizens
• Wilson focused on his “New Freedom,” which
was an attack on triple wall of privilege
(trusts, tariffs, and high finance)
Two Key Antitrust Measures
1. Clayton Antitrust Act:
prohibited corporations
from acquiring the stock
of another company if
doing so would create a
monopoly
2. Federal Trade
Commission (FTC):
investigated possible
violations of regulatory
statutes, required
periodic reports from
corporations, and put an
end to a number of
unfair business practices
Wilson’s and the Financial System
1. New Tax System: lowered tariffs to curb the
power of big business
2. Federal Income Tax: larger incomes were
charged a higher tax
rate than smaller
incomes (graduated tax)
3. Federal Reserve System:
> established in 1913
> a national banking system that
controls the United States’ money
supply and the availability of credit in
the country
Women Win Suffrage!!!
• Suffrage movement was given new strength by
growing numbers of college-educated women
• Susan B. Anthony’s successor as president of NAWSA
was Carrie Chapman Catt
• initial failures cause the women’s movement to try
more radical tactics
• The 19th Amendment
o granted women the right to vote
o passed in 1919, ratified in August 1920
o took 72 years from initial push
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CGHGDO_b_q0
Essential Question
What was the Nineteenth
Amendment? How did women
finally win the vote?
Answer the question in three complete sentences in your summary section
Progressivism
Objective
Explain how the progressive
movement increased
government regulations of
business and protected
society from the injustices of
big business