Bell Work 9/2/14 1. What element is Group 1 and Period 4? Potassium 2. What is that element’s atomic number? On your desk : 1. PRIDE card 2. IN 3. Pencil/Pen 19 3. How many electrons does it have? 19 4. What is its atomic mass? 39.098 5. How many neutrons does it have? 39 – 19 = 20 1 Properties of MINERALS What is a mineral? A mineral is a naturally formed, inorganic solid that has a definite crystalline structure. Mineral Groups • Everything on Earth is classified into various categories based on certain properties and minerals are no different! 2 Groups • Silicate Minerals • Non-Silicate Minerals Silicate Minerals • Minerals that contain Silicon, Oxygen, and one or more other element. • Silicon and oxygen are the two most common elements in the Earth’s crust • Examples: quartz, feldspar, and mica Non-Silicate Minerals • Minerals that do not contain a combination of silicon and oxygen. • They may contain carbon, fluorine, and sulfur. • Examples: copper, calcite, fluorite, corundum, gypsum, and galena Minerals have 4 properties Solid • Cannot be a liquid, gas, or plasma. Inorganic • It is non-living. It is NOT alive and never was. Naturally Occurring • Found in nature, not manmade. Crystal Form • A definite structure in which atoms are arranged. When trying to figure out if it is a mineral or not THINK SINC!!!! – Is it a solid? – Is it Inorganic(non-living)material? – Is it formed in Nature (not man-made)? – Does it have a Crystalline structure? Output side of IN Item 1. 2. 3. 13. Mineral OR Non-mineral? If Non-mineral: list the properties it doesn’t have (S,I, N, C) Wood • Is it a solid? YES • Is it Inorganic (non-living) material? NO • Is it formed in Nature (not man-made)? YES • Does it have a Crystalline structure? YES Output side of IN Item Mineral OR Non-mineral? If Non-mineral: list the properties it doesn’t have (S,I, N, C) 1. Wood Non-mineral It ISN’T Inorganic 2. 3. 13. Gold Fossil Topaz Bones Granite Quartz Pearls Talc Icebergs Diamond Coal Rock Salt Output side of IN Item Mineral OR Non-mineral? If Non-mineral: list the properties it doesn’t have (S,I, N, C) 1. Wood Non-mineral It ISN’T Inorganic 2. 3. 13. MINERAL! Gold NonMINERAL! Fossil MINERAL! Topaz NonMINERAL! Bones NonMINERAL! Granite MINERAL! Quartz NonMINERAL! Pearls MINERAL! Talc MINERAL! Icebergs MINERAL! Diamond NonMINERAL! Coal MINERAL! Rock Salt You now know how to identify if an item is a mineral!! NOW we need to learn how to identify specific types of minerals!! Let’s get our READ-ON! Mineral Identification Chapter 1- Section 2 Pages 8 – 11 Mineral Identification: Chapter 1: Section 2 Pages 8-11 Let’s get our READ-ON! Mineral Identification Color Chapter 1- Section 2 Pages 8 – 11 • Luster Read and outline Section 2 in your “IN” • Helpful hints: - Summarize each main section - Highlight vocabulary words and define them - Write down examples to help you remember Bell Work 8/30/13 1. What are the 4 properties of minerals? • THINK SINC!! – Solid – Inorganic – Naturally occurring – Crystalline structure 2. What are the 2 groups of minerals? List two examples of each. • Silicates – quartz, feldspar, and mica • Nonsilicates- copper, calcite, fluorite, corundum, gypsum, and galena On your desk you should have: 1. Agenda (opened to PRIDE card) 2. Interactive Notebook 3. Pencil/Pen Warm-up 9/3/13 1. List the 7 tests used to identify minerals. 2. Put a star next to the test you think is the most reliable. Why did you choose that test? Identifying Minerals • Geologists use 7 simple tests to identify minerals. • The tests are based on a mineral’s physical and chemical properties. • 7 tests – – – – – – – Color Luster Streak Cleavage and Fracture Hardness Density Special Properties Color • Color- What does it look like? • Least reliable test to determine a mineral – Many different minerals have the same color – Minerals can weather and change color Beryl containing iron (Fe) = blue, yellow, or green Beryl containing Manganese(Mn) = pink or red Beryl containing Chromium(Cr)= green Warm-up 9/4/13 1. Minerals are inorganic, what exactly does that mean? Inorganic = not alive and never were alive. 2. List 3 other inorganic things: • 1. • 2. • 3. Luster • Luster- The way a surface reflects light. • 3 types of luster • Metallic- Bright and reflective • Submetallic – Dull and reflective • Non-Metallic- waxy, pearly, earthy, silky, vitreous, plastic Streak • Streak- the color of a mineral in powdered form. • Rub a mineral across a piece of porcelain called a streak plate • Good indicator of a minerals true color because the streak is not affected by air or water. Cleavage and Fracture Cleavage and Fracture- Describes how a mineral breaks Cleavage- the mineral breaks along flat surfaces Fracture- the mineral breaks with a rough edge (uneven, curved, irregular) Warm-up 9/5/13 • What is the difference between cleavage and fracture? • Draw an example of each one and label it. Cleavage Fracture Hardness • Hardness- a measure of the ability of a mineral to resist scratching • Based on a 1-10 scale called Moh’s Hardness Scale • 1 = easily scratched • 10 = resistance to scratching Density • Density- the ratio of the mass of a substance to the volume of the substance • Measured in gm/cm3 • One of the best indicators of a mineral’s identity. Pyrite- 5.2 gm/cm3 Gold- 19.3 gm/cm3 Special Properties • Fluorescence- Calcite and Fluorite glow under ultraviolet light. • Magnetism- Magnetite and Pyrrhotite are natural magnets. • Chemical Reaction- Calcite will “fizz” when you put a drop of acid on it. • Taste- Halite has a salty taste. • Optical Properties- A thin piece of calcite placed over an image will cause a double image. • Radioactivity- Minerals that contain radium or uranium can be detected by a Geiger counter. Warm-up 9/6/13 Take a look at the mineral Cobalt and write down your observations based on the following tests: 1. Color2. Luster3. Does it have fracture or cleavage? Warm-up 9/16/12 • When you are doing a streak test, what is the plate that you rub the mineral against made of? Porcelain • What is the name of the Hardness scale we use to identify minerals? Moh’s Hardness Scale Mineral video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L9ifD32vtVA