Bell Work 9/2/14
1. What element is Group 1 and Period 4?
Potassium
2. What is that element’s atomic number?
On your desk :
1. PRIDE card
2. IN
3. Pencil/Pen
19
3. How many electrons does it have?
19
4. What is its atomic mass?
39.098
5. How many neutrons does it have?
39 – 19 = 20
1
Properties of
MINERALS
What is a mineral?
A mineral is a naturally formed, inorganic
solid that has a definite crystalline
structure.
Mineral Groups
• Everything on Earth is
classified into various
categories based on
certain properties
and minerals are no
different!
2 Groups
• Silicate Minerals
• Non-Silicate Minerals
Silicate Minerals
• Minerals that contain Silicon,
Oxygen, and one or more other
element.
• Silicon and oxygen are the two
most common elements in the
Earth’s crust
• Examples: quartz, feldspar, and
mica
Non-Silicate Minerals
• Minerals that do not contain a
combination of silicon and
oxygen.
• They may contain carbon,
fluorine, and sulfur.
• Examples: copper, calcite,
fluorite, corundum, gypsum,
and galena
Minerals have 4 properties
Solid
• Cannot be a liquid, gas, or
plasma.
Inorganic
• It is non-living. It is NOT alive
and never was.
Naturally Occurring
• Found in nature, not manmade.
Crystal Form
• A definite structure in which
atoms are arranged.
When trying to figure out if it is a
mineral or not THINK SINC!!!!
– Is it a solid?
– Is it Inorganic(non-living)material?
– Is it formed in Nature (not man-made)?
– Does it have a Crystalline structure?
Output side of IN
Item
1.
2.
3.
13.
Mineral OR Non-mineral?
If Non-mineral: list the
properties it doesn’t have
(S,I, N, C)
Wood
• Is it a solid? YES
• Is it Inorganic (non-living) material? NO
• Is it formed in Nature (not man-made)? YES
• Does it have a Crystalline structure? YES
Output side of IN
Item
Mineral OR Non-mineral?
If Non-mineral: list the
properties it doesn’t have
(S,I, N, C)
1. Wood
Non-mineral
It ISN’T Inorganic
2.
3.
13.
Gold
Fossil
Topaz
Bones
Granite
Quartz
Pearls
Talc
Icebergs
Diamond
Coal
Rock Salt
Output side of IN
Item
Mineral OR Non-mineral?
If Non-mineral: list the
properties it doesn’t have
(S,I, N, C)
1. Wood
Non-mineral
It ISN’T Inorganic
2.
3.
13.
MINERAL!
Gold
NonMINERAL!
Fossil
MINERAL!
Topaz
NonMINERAL!
Bones
NonMINERAL!
Granite
MINERAL!
Quartz
NonMINERAL!
Pearls
MINERAL!
Talc
MINERAL!
Icebergs
MINERAL!
Diamond
NonMINERAL!
Coal
MINERAL!
Rock Salt
You now know how to identify if an item is
a mineral!!
NOW we need to learn how to identify
specific types of minerals!!
Let’s get our READ-ON!
Mineral Identification
Chapter 1- Section 2
Pages 8 – 11
Mineral Identification:
Chapter 1: Section 2
Pages 8-11
Let’s get our READ-ON!
Mineral Identification
Color
Chapter 1- Section 2
Pages 8 – 11
•
Luster
Read and outline Section
2 in your “IN”
•
Helpful hints:
- Summarize each main
section
- Highlight vocabulary words
and define them
- Write down examples to
help you remember
Bell Work 8/30/13
1. What are the 4 properties of
minerals?
• THINK SINC!!
– Solid
– Inorganic
– Naturally occurring
– Crystalline structure
2. What are the 2 groups of minerals?
List two examples of each.
• Silicates – quartz, feldspar, and mica
• Nonsilicates- copper, calcite, fluorite,
corundum, gypsum, and galena
On your desk you
should have:
1. Agenda (opened to
PRIDE card)
2. Interactive Notebook
3. Pencil/Pen
Warm-up 9/3/13
1. List the 7 tests used to identify minerals.
2. Put a star next to the test you think is the
most reliable. Why did you choose that test?
Identifying Minerals
• Geologists use 7 simple tests to identify minerals.
• The tests are based on a mineral’s physical and
chemical properties.
• 7 tests
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Color
Luster
Streak
Cleavage and Fracture
Hardness
Density
Special Properties
Color
• Color- What does it look like?
• Least reliable test to determine a mineral
– Many different minerals have the same color
– Minerals can weather and change color
Beryl containing iron (Fe) =
blue, yellow, or green
Beryl containing
Manganese(Mn) = pink or red
Beryl containing
Chromium(Cr)= green
Warm-up 9/4/13
1. Minerals are inorganic, what exactly does that
mean?
Inorganic = not alive and never were alive.
2. List 3 other inorganic things:
• 1.
• 2.
• 3.
Luster
• Luster- The way a
surface reflects light.
• 3 types of luster
• Metallic- Bright and
reflective
• Submetallic – Dull and
reflective
• Non-Metallic- waxy,
pearly, earthy, silky,
vitreous, plastic
Streak
• Streak- the color of a mineral in powdered form.
• Rub a mineral across a piece of porcelain called a
streak plate
• Good indicator of a minerals true color because
the streak is not affected by air or water.
Cleavage and Fracture
Cleavage and Fracture- Describes how a mineral breaks
Cleavage- the mineral
breaks along flat
surfaces
Fracture- the mineral
breaks with a rough edge
(uneven, curved, irregular)
Warm-up 9/5/13
• What is the difference between cleavage and
fracture?
• Draw an example of each one and label it.
Cleavage
Fracture
Hardness
• Hardness- a measure of the
ability of a mineral to resist
scratching
• Based on a 1-10 scale called
Moh’s Hardness Scale
• 1 = easily scratched
• 10 = resistance to scratching
Density
• Density- the ratio of the
mass of a substance to the
volume of the substance
• Measured in gm/cm3
• One of the best indicators
of a mineral’s identity.
Pyrite- 5.2 gm/cm3 Gold- 19.3 gm/cm3
Special Properties
• Fluorescence- Calcite and Fluorite glow under ultraviolet light.
• Magnetism- Magnetite and Pyrrhotite are natural magnets.
• Chemical Reaction- Calcite will “fizz” when you put a drop of acid
on it.
• Taste- Halite has a salty taste.
• Optical Properties- A thin piece of calcite placed over an image will
cause a double image.
• Radioactivity- Minerals that contain radium or uranium can be
detected by a Geiger counter.
Warm-up 9/6/13
Take a look at the mineral
Cobalt and write down your
observations based on the
following tests:
1. Color2. Luster3. Does it have fracture or
cleavage?
Warm-up 9/16/12
• When you are doing a streak test, what is the
plate that you rub the mineral against made
of?
Porcelain
• What is the name of the Hardness scale we
use to identify minerals?
Moh’s Hardness Scale
Mineral video
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L9ifD32vtVA