QUICK QUIZ TIME
Let’s see what you
remember from
yesterday!
QUICK QUIZ
1. Until U.S. intervention,
which imperialist nation
controlled Cuba?
QUICK QUIZ
2. The newspapers of Pullitzer
and Hearst exaggerated
stories to rile Americans
toward Cuba. This kind of
press is called _______.
QUICK QUIZ
3. What was the name of
the Cuban rebel leader?
QUICK QUIZ
4. What was the name of
the ship that was “bombed”
while anchored off the
coast of Cuba, thus bringing
the US to war?
QUICK QUIZ
5. Which US President
declared war against Spain,
thus beginning the SPAM
war?
(SPAM Continued…)
…BY SEA….
• Teddy Roosevelt is now Assistant Sec. of Navy
– He realizes that a war with Spain would span into
wherever Spanish sea power lay
– Philippine Islands: Spanish colony & Spain’s main naval
base in the Pacific
– The major U.S. military objective = Teddy wants to attack
here as soon as war broke out
George Dewey: U.S. commander of Pacific Fleet
• Dewey’s ships slip into Manila Bay (main city) during the night
• At dawn, they bombarded the surprised Spanish ships &
destroyed their fleet
Your duty is to see that Spanish
fleets do not leave their port in
the Philippines
Cool!
George Dewey
…BY LAND….
Summer 1898
• U.S. ground troops land in the Philippines
• Locals had been fighting for independence from
Spain for years (remember Cuba)
• Native rebels are led by Emilio Aguinaldo &
helped U.S. troops to capture Manila
“Hey…it worked
for Jose Marti, it
may work for me
too!”
Emilio Aguinaldo
Meanwhile, Back in Cuba…
• Teddy resigns as Assistant Secretary of Navy &
organizes the 1st volunteer cavalry regiment
– Cavalry: soldiers or warriors who fought on
horseback
– Rough Riders: military unit organized by Teddy
during SPAM
• Ranged from cowboys to college students &
adventurers
• Symbol of multicultural troops (why could this be
AWESOME for boosting morale?)
Buffalo Soldiers: African American members of the 9th & 10th
U.S. Cavalry
“Whites, blacks, regulars & Rough Riders—representing the young
manhood of the North & South, fought shoulder to shoulder,
unmindful of race or color…just mindful of their common duty as
Americans”
• Finally the Spanish army in Cuba surrenders &
buckles under pressure from the U.S.
• The U.S. then traveled to Puerto Rico & claimed
the island while Spain was still intimidated
A Quick End—Fall 1898
• Spain & U.S. agree to end fighting
– U.S. losses: 380 killed from battle/ 5,000+ killed from
yellow fever, typhoid & malaria
The Peace Treaty—Winter 1898
– Spain grants Cuba its freedom
– Spain gives the U.S. Puerto Rico (Caribbean) & Guam (Pacific)
– Spain trades the Philippines to U.S. for $20 million!
GUAM
CUBA
PUERTO
RICO
PHILIPPINES
Ruling an Empire
When war had begun with Spain, the U.S. had
promised to “leave the government & control of Cuba
to its own people”
Cuba
• BUT…. the U.S. soldiers stayed in Cuba after the war ended
because they felt Cubans were “not ready” for
independence
– ‘White man’s burden’?
– Business leaders in the U.S. were afraid that
an independent Cuba might threaten their
investments
– U.S. let Cuban people write their own
constitution, but Cubans first had to
accept the Platt Amendment
Cuba
• Platt Amendment: allowed the U.S. to intervene
in Cuba as they pleased & gave U.S. control of
naval base at Guantanamo Bay
• In effect, the amendment made Cuba an American
protectorate
• Protectorate: a nation whose independence is
limited by the control of a more powerful country
Puerto Rico
• U.S. set up a new government under the Foraker
Act of 1900
• Foraker Act: gave Puerto Ricans only a limited say
in their own affairs
• The U.S. set up schools, roads, and health care on
the island
Emilio Aguinaldo
Philippines
• REMEMBER… Philippine natives had been fighting
for independence long before SPAM
• When the U.S. took over after SPAM, Philippine
natives felt “owned” without their own identity
• Emilio Aguinaldo (remember him?) leads natives to fight
for freedom against a NEW imperial power: the U.S.
– He tells the U.S. that “you’ve forgotten your beginnings”
Philippines
– Revolt in the Philippines resulted in a war that killed 4,000
U.S. troops & 20,000 Philippine natives & 200,000
Philippine civilians too
– 1902- U.S. set up a government similar to that in Puerto
Rico & finally granted the Philippines independence in
1946