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A substance used to enhance the physical and physiological abilities of an individual
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Purposes
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Stimulates testosterone levels
Enhances muscle recovery
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Reduce fatigue factor
Stimulation of brain activity
Increase in cardiovascular

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1904 in Ancient Greece, U.S.’s
Thomas Hicks is given strychnine and brandy prior to race
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1960 Rome Olympics, Danish cyclists dies from amphetamine overdose
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World Anti-doping Agency (WADA) puts restrictions on substances allowed for use of athletes
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International Olympic Committee create a medical commission to compile list of drugs illegal for use with exception for therapeutic use

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IOC-MC begin drug testing baseball players in 2003
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The mark of Jose Conseco is made in 2005
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Following him are
• Mark McGwire
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Sammy Sosa
Barry Bonds
Roger Clemens

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NFL begins to test players in 1987 once a year.
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Retired players like Jim Haslett admit majority of players on the team engaged in using foreign substances to heighten senses and level of play on the field

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With the growing of performanceenhancers in sports, players feel the need to keep up with the level of competition
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Using shady back alley transactions
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Drugs push into colleges and high schools

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“Spirit of Sport”-The ability to perform at a certain degree of naturalness
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Kids follow their role models, after all if they did why can’t we?
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Humans push natural talents at a cost

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Taking higher doses than recommended
Severe acne
Liver abnormalities and tumors
Cardiac problems
Aggressive behaviors
Drug dependence
Infections and diseases
Inhibited growth of development in teens
Men suffer from:
Baldness
Infertility
Shrinking of testicles
Development of breast
Enlargement of prostate gland http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fmu_ h8HCiGo

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Berg, A. (2001). Artificial oxygen carriers--the new doping threat in endurance sport.
International Journal of Sports Medicine, doi: 10.1055/s-2001-1856
"Blood Doping." Explained in Sport. N.p., n.d.Web. 26 Sept. 2012.
Retrieved from: <http://www.teachpe.com/drugs/doping.php>.
Fitch, K. (2012). Proscribed drugs at the Olympic Games: permitted use and misuse (doping) by athletes. . 12(3257-260), Retrieved from http://rattler.tamucc.edu
Gradidge, P., Coopoo, Y., & Constantinou, D. (2011). Prevalence of performance enhancing substance use by Johannesburg male adolescents involved incompetitive high schoolsports.Archives Of Exercise In Health & Disease, 2(2), 114-119.
Hyler, J. "ESPN." Jones Case Ends a Long, Hot Doping Scandal Summer -. N.p., 18 Sept.2006. Web. 25
Sept.2012. <http://m.espn.go.com/wireless/story?storyId=2578043>.
Pierre Rouzier, M. D. (2012). Anabolic Steroids. CRS - Adult Health Advisor, 1.
Smith, C. (2012). Why It's Time To Legalize Steroids In Professional Sports. Forbes.Com,
Retrieved from http://rattler.tamucc.edu
Tomida, K. (2012). Chronological changes of affected side muscle strength of hemiplegic stroke patients after administration of anabolic steroids. 27(1), 1. Retrieved from http://rattler.tamucc.edu
Wiesing, U. (2011). Should performance-enhancing drugs in sport be legalized under medical supervision? Sports Medicine, 41(2), 167-176. Retrieved from http://rattler.tamucc.edu