CHAPTER 3
SECTION 2
RELIGIOUS FREEDOM IN ENGLAND???
KING IS THE
LEADER OF THE
CHURCH AND THE
COUNTRY
NOT EVERYONE
LIKED KING
HENRY VIII’S
CHURCH
Still mostly
Catholic ideas
with Henry as
the leader
instead of the
Pope
RELIGION IN ENGLAND
Catholic
Roman Catholic
Pope as head of
church
Anglican
Church of England
Protestant
Puritans
King Henry VIII as
head of church
Wanted to PURIFY
the Church of
England
Bloody Mary
Separatists
Elizabeth I made
Church of England
Protestant
Wanted to
SEPARATE from the
Church of England
Originally fled to
Netherlands and
then made a
PILGRIMAGE to
America
If you didn’t follow the faith of the King or Queen in power, you
were persecuted – treated harshly – even killed.
THE
MAYFLOWER
“Saints and
Strangers”
PILGRIMS
Song
ONLY 35 OF 102
PASSENGERS
WERE PILGRIMS
The rest were
commoners
hoping for a
better life.
JUUUUST MISSED….
• NOVEMBER 1620LOOKING FOR
VIRGINIA, BLOWN
OFF COURSE TO
MASSACHUSETS
• NO REAL TIME TO
GET BACK ON
TRACK
(NOVEMBER)
THEY DECIDE TO
STAY
• NAMED COLONY
PLYMOUTH
MAYFLOWER COMPACT
• DRAFTED TO UNITE
“SAINTS AND
STRANGERS”
• PLEDGED LOYALTY TO
ENGLAND
• PROMISED TO OBEY
LAWS ESTABLISHED FOR
THE GOOD OF THE
COLONY
• IMPORTANT STEP IN
DEVELOPING
GOVERNMENT IN THE
AMERICAS
William Bradford
leader and historian of Plymouth
FIRST WINTER
PILGRIMS BARELY SURVIVE
NEARLY HALF DIE OF
MALNUTRITION AND DISEASE
SQUANTO AND SAMOSET
WAMPANOAGS (WAHMP-UH-NOGS)
• WERE
FRIENDLY
WITH THE
PILGRIMS
• TAUGHT
THEM
HOW TO
FARM,
HUNT,
AND FISH
THE 1ST “THANKSGIVING”
Thanksgiving Did You Know?
PURITANS IN ENGLAND
• WANTED TO PURIFY THE
ANGLICAN CHURCH • KING CHARLES I IN POWER
• TREATED PURITANS WORSE
THAN THE KING BEFORE
MASSACHUSETTS BAY COMPANY
• JOHN WINTHROP – GOVERNOR
• CREATE A SOCIETY BASED ON THE
BIBLE
• 900 MEN, WOMEN, AND CHILDREN
• SETTLED IN BOSTON – City on a Hill
• Matthew 5:14, Jesus tells his
listeners, "You are the light of the
world. A city that is set on a hill
cannot be hidden."
• John Winthrop quoted Matthew
while on board the Arabella.
GREAT MIGRATION – 1630s
15,000
PURITANS
CAME TO
MASS. TO
ESCAPE
ENGLISH
PERSECUTION
RELIGIOUS FREEDOM?
• LEFT ENGLAND SO THEY COULD PRACTICE THE WAY THEY
WANTED TO
• DIDN’T TOLERATE OTHER BELIEFS
CONNECTICUT
• 1636 MINISTER THOMAS HOOKER LEFT
MASSACHUSETTS WITH HIS CONGREGATION
• He didn’t agree with Winthrop and other
Puritan leaders
• FOUNDED HARTFORD
• BETTER FARMLAND IN CONNECTICUT
RHODE ISLAND
• 1635 ROGER WILLIAMS GOT KICKED
OUT OF MASSACHUSETTS
• THOUGHT PEOPLE SHOULD
PRACTICE WHATEVER RELIGIOUS
BELIEFS THEY WANTED
• SHOULDN’T TAKE LAND FROM
NATIVES
• GOT LAND FROM A LOCAL TRIBE
• BECAME A “SAFE” PLACE FOR
PEOPLE LOOKING FOR RELIGIOUS
FREEDOM
CONFLICT WITH NATIVES
• ENGLISH SETTLERS DIDN’T RESPECT LAND
BOUNDARIES
• NO PERMISSION/ PAYMENT
• 1636- PEQUOT WAR
• 1675- KING PHILLIP’S WAR
PEQUOT WAR
– 2 traders
killed on
Pequot land
– Mass sent
troops to
punish natives
– Pequot retaliated and killed 9 people in Conn.
– Troops burned main Pequot village, killing
100s
KING PHILLIP’S
WAR
• VS WAMPANOAGS
• METACOMET
(KING PHILLIP)
• SETTLERS + NATIVE ALLIES COMBINE TO
DEFEAT THE WAMPANOAGS
• TOOK ALL POWER AWAY FROM NATIVES IN
NEW ENGLAND
SALEM WITCH TRIALS
• 1692
• YOUNG GIRLS CLAIMED TO BE POSSESSED BY
THE DEVIL
• ACCUSED OTHERS OF WITCHCRAFT (150)
• 19 HANGED FOR BEING WITCHES
• Ergot?