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NAME_________________________________
HEALTH 9
Lesson 25 - Nutrition
Define the following terms.
1. Protein - a nutrient that is needed for growth, and to build and repair body tissues
2. Complete Protein- a protein that contains all of the essential amino acids
3. Amino acid - the building blocks that make up proteins
4. Essential amino acid - your body needs 20 amino acids to function properly and your
body can produce only 11 of these amino acids. The 9 amino acids the body CANNOT
produce are essential amino acids
5. Incomplete protein - a protein from plant sources that does not contain all of the
essential amino acids
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6. Carbohydrate - a nutrient that is the main source of energy for the body
7. Simple Carbohydrate - sugars that enter the bloodstream rapidly and provide quick
energy
8. Complex carbohydrate - starches and fibers are considered complex
9. Starch - a food substance that is made and stored in most plants
10.Glucose - when you eat complex carbohydrates, they are changed by saliva and other
digestive juices to a simple sugar
11.Glycogen - is stored in the muscles - when you need energy, glycogen is converted to
glucose
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12.Fiber - the part of the grains and plant foods that cannot be digested. Fiber is also
known as the roughage and there are two types - soluble and insoluble
13.Fat - a nutrient that provides energy and helps the body store and use vitamins
14.Saturated fat - a type of fat found in dairy products, solid vegetable fat and meat and
poultry
15.Cholesterol - a fat - like substance made by the body and found in certain foods and
in food is called dietary cholesterol
16.Unsaturated fat - a type of fat obtained from plant products and fish
17.Trans-fatty acid - fatty acids that are formed when vegetable oils are processed into
solid fats such as margarine or shortening
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18.Hydrogenation - the process that makes the liquid oils more solid, more stable
(increases the shelf life of the food product) and less greasy tasting
19.Fat soluble vitamin - a vitamin that dissolves in fat and can be absorbed in the body
20.Vitamin - a nutrient that helps the body use carbohydrates, proteins and fats
21.Water soluble vitamin - a vitamin that dissolves in water and cannot be stored by the
body in significant amounts
22.Macro minerals - minerals that are required in amounts greater than 100 mg
23.Mineral - nutrient that regulates many chemical reactions in the body
24.Trace minerals - minerals that are needed in very small amounts
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25.Herbal supplements - supplements that contain extracts or ingredients from the
roots, berries, seeds, stems leaves, buds or flowers of plants
26.Creatine - an amino acid that is made in the liver, kidneys, and pancreas
27.Protein supplements - a product taken orally that contains proteins that are intended
to supplement one's diet and are not considered food
28.Water - a nutrient that is involved with all body processes
29.Dehydration - a condition in which the water content of the body as fallen to an
extremely low level --- you can live without other nutrients for months, but you can
survive without water for only about three days
30.Diuretic - a product that increases the amount of urine excreted
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31.Nutrition facts - the title of the information panel that is required on most foods
32.Serving size - the listing of the amount of food that is considered a serving
33.Servings per container - the listing of the number of servings in the container or
package
34.Calories listing - the listing of the number of calories in one serving of the food
35.Calories from fat - the listing of the number of calories from fat in one serving of the
food
36.Percent daily value - the portion of the daily amount of a nutrient provided by one
serving of the food
37.Ingredients - the parts that make up the particular food
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38.low fat - a food that claims to be "low fat" must have 3g of fat or less per serving
39.lean - a product that claims to be "lean" must have less than 10g of fat, 4.5g of
saturated fat, and no more than 95mg of cholesterol per serving
40.light- a product that claims to be "light" must have one-third the calories or no more
than half the fat or sodium of the regular version
41.cholesterol free - a product that claims to be "cholesterol free" must have less than
0.5 mg of cholesterol and 2g of fat or less of saturated fat per serving
42.fresh - any product that claims to be "fresh" must be raw, unprocessed, contain no
preservatives, or never have been frozen or heated
43.Food additives - substances intentionally added to food
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44.Enriched food - foods may be enriched or fortified to add to the nutrient value
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Fortified food - a food in which nutrients not usually found in the food are added
Answer the following questions
1. Proteins are needed to regulate____body processes_____ and to supply ___energy____.
2. Proteins help your body maintain __strength___ and resist infection.
3. Each gram of protein provides _4_ calories.
4. List 6 examples of complete proteins:
a. meat
b. fish
c. poultry
d. milk
e. yogurt
f. eggs
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5. Your body needs __20__ amino acids to function properly.
6. Your body can produce only __11__ of these amino acids.
7. The nine amino acids your body cannot produce must come from _essential
amino acids__.
8. What are the 3 categories that incomplete proteins from plant sources fall into?
a. grains b. legumes c. nuts and seeds
9. Carbohydrates provide ___4___ calories of energy per gram of food.