Wi-Fi in EducationA Technology Update
Bruce Alexander– Mobility Sales Specialist
brucea@cisco.com
September 2013
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Latest Wi-Fi Standard- 802.11ac
BYOD Trends in Education
Key Wi-Fi system features for Schools
Architecture Overview• What’s right for you?
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Without Proper Planning,
Enterprises Deploying iPads
Will Need 300% More Wi-Fi
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3
The next generation
11s
Demanding managed,
reliable & secure
connections anywhere
with high performance
for any application
11ai
11ah
11af
11ad
11ac
11ae
11aa
11z
11u
11v
11p
In development
11n
11w
Ratified
Delighted to be connected
91-93
94
95
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96
11-1997
97
98
11b
11a
Wi-Fi Origin
Delighted to be
securely connected
802.11 std
11y
11r
11k
11e
11j
11i
11h
11g
11d
11-1999
99
00
01
02
11-2003
03
04
05
06
11-2007
07
08
09 10 11 12 13
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802.11ac –
The new ‘Defacto Standard’
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Nice to Have
Pervasive
Media Rich Applications
Mission Critical
BANDWIDTH
10Gbps
Future
802.11ac-2
3.5 Gbps
802.11ac-1
1 Gbps
CLIENTS
/
802.11n
450 Mbps
802.11a, 802.11b
11 Mbps
802.11g
54 Mbps
11Mbps
Early 2000
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2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
2012
2014
2016
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WFA Certification & IEEE
Timeline
CY 2012
Q1
Q2
Consumer class
devices from
Linksys and
Netgear
Q3
IEEE 802.11ac
Ratification
Wave 1
Wave 2
CY 2013
Q4
Q1
Q2
LinkSys 1x1
AC USB
Q3
CY 2014
Q4
802.11ac mobile
devices
First 802.11ac
laptops
Cisco 802.11ac
Module for Aironet
3600 Series
Q1
Q2
Q3
…
Q4
Client
proliferation
continues:
Handets?,
Tablets?
Intel Ultrabooks ?
Apple
MacBooks?, iOS?
Samsung S 4
ZTE Grand Memo
802.11ac Wave2
Starts to Roll
1H CY15
HTC One
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* Assumes 160 MHz channel width is available and usable
802.11ac = game changer
802.11n
802.11ac
2.4GHz & 5.0GHz
5.0GHz only
65 Mbps – 600 Mbps
290 Mbps – 6.9 Gbps
Band
PHY Rate
MAC Throughput
6900*
6900*
Mbps
Mbps
3500*
Mbps
1300
Mbps
45 Mbps – 420 Mbps
194 Mbps – 4.8 Gbps
4
8
Spatial Streams
64 QAM
2430*
Mbps
4SS @ 160
3SS @ 160
3SS @ 80
1730
600
Mbps
Mbps
Modulation
8SS @ 160
2SS @ 160
870
256 QAM
Mbps
Channel Width
MIMO
450
20 or 40 MHz
20, 40, 80, *80+80, 160
MHz
Mbps
Single User -SU
Multi User – MU
(with Wave 2)
300
Key benefits:
• Increased performance and throughput
• Improved battery life
54
Mbps
290
290
Mbps
Mbps
1SS @ 80
65
Mbps
Mbps
24
11
2
Mbps
Mbps
Mbps
802.11
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802.11b
1999
802.11ag
2003
802.11n
2007
Wave 1
802.11ac
Wave 2
802.11ac
2013
2015
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802.11ac Wave 1 Potential Throughput @ 80 MHz
faster connectivity = shorter active radio time = better battery life
802.11ac Performance Table
BW
(MHz)
# Spatial
Streams
MCS
(QAMr5/6)
PHY Rate
(Mbps)
MAC Thruput (Mbps)*
80
1
64
290
175
80
1
64
330
200
80
1
256
430
260
80
2
64
650
390
80
2
256
870
520
80
3
64
980
590
80
3
256
1300
780
80
4
256
1700
1020
80
8
256
3500
2100
Single GbE port on the AP3600 - More than sufficient bandwidth
from the full duplex GbE port on the AP3600
1x1
Smartphones from 260 Mbps*
1x1
2x2
Tablets from 520 Mbps*
2x2
3x3
High End Laptops from 780 Mbps*
* Assumes 60% MAC efficiency
Not all Clients will be created equal – early chip drops and quality of components - mileage will vary
Rate & Range, Environment and Deployment will impact coverage and quality
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802.11ac Wave-1 and Wave-2
* The 802.11ac specification will be brought to market in 2 phases or “Waves”
* Each Wave of 802.11ac will require new chip sets
Feature
Wave 1 – 2013
Wave 2 – 2014/2015
Features still in Discussions
1.3 Gbps
1.3 Gbps
1.73 Gbps
2.6 Gbps
3.5 Gbps
# of Spatial
Streams
3
3
4
3
4
Modulation
256 QAM
256 QAM
256 QAM
256 QAM
256 QAM
20, 40, 80 MHz
20, 40, 80 MHz
20, 40, 80 MHz
20, 40, 80,
80+80, 160 MHz
20, 40, 80,
80+80, 160 MHz
Single User
Multi User
Multi User
Multi User
Multi User
a, n, ac
a, n, ac
a, n, ac
a, n, ac
a, n, ac
PHY Rate
Channel
Width
MIMO
802.11
protocol
support
Ethernet
Uplink
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GbE
GbE and 10GbE
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Does it work? Any caveats?
• 802.11ac MU MIMO is like 802.11n MIMO, except instead of one client,
there are up to four (or more) clients
• In MU pre-coding, when AP beam-forms space-time streams to one client, it
simultaneously null-steers those space-time streams to the rest.
• MU-MIMO is technically risky and challenging:
•
Needs precise channel estimation (CSI) to maintain deep nulls
•
Precise channel estimation adds overhead
Null-steering:To send data to user 1, the AP forms a strong beam
toward user 1, shown as the top-right lobe of the blue curve. At the
same time the AP minimizes the energy for user 1 in the direction
of user 2 and user 3. This is called "null steering" and is shown as
the blue notches. Same logic applies to red and yellow beams.
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When to Deploy AC
1. When Clients are available
2. 802.11ac is backward compatiable to 802.11a/b/g/n systems
• When adding any new APs, consider deploying 802.11ac
3. But is Cost a factor?
• It should not be. 802.11ac is available at the SAME PRICE as high end 802.11n Aps.
4. What about Wave 2?
• Make sure you vendor has a migration path WITH investment protection.
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Today’s 802.11ac Clients
• Integrated Mobile devices – Shipping as of August 2013!!!!
Samsung S 4 - http://www.samsungmobilepress.com/2013/03/14/GALAXY-S-4-1
HTC ONE – http://www.htc.com/us/smartphones/htc-one/#specs
ZTE Grand Memo - http://www.zteusa.com/news-zte-launches-grand-memo/
Intel based Ultrabooks – 2x2 802.11ac Wave 1
Apple – 1x1, 2x2 and 3x3 802.11ac Wave 1
• USB Clients - Shipping
LinkSys AE6000 – 1x1 - http://store.linksys.com/linksys-ae6000-wifi-wireless-ac-dual-band-mini-usbadapter_stcVVproductId153081401VVcatId553466VVviewprod.htm
Asus – USB-AC53 – 2x2 - http://www.asus.com/Networking/USBAC53/
NetGear – A6200 – 2x2 - http://www.netgear.com/home/products/wireless-adapters/ultimate-wirelessadapters/a6200.aspx
Belkin - 2x2 - http://www.belkin.com/us/F9L1106-Belkin/p/P-F9L1106
D-Link – 2x2 - http://www.dlink.com/us/en/home-solutions/connect/adapters/dwa-182-wireless-ac1200-dual-band-usbadapter
Buffalo – 2x2 - http://www.buffalotech.com/products/wireless/client-adapters/airstation-ac866-dual-band-wireless-usbadapter
Edimax – 2x2 - http://www.edimax.com/en/produce_detail.php?pd_id=479&pl1_id=28&pl2_id=138
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Latest Wi-Fi Standard- 802.11ac
BYOD Trends
Key Wi-Fi system features
Architecture Overview
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Trusted
Wifi
 Authenticate User
 Fingerprint Device
 Apply Appropriate Config
 Administrative Apps
 Automatic Policies
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Trusted
WiFi
Mobile Device
Management
Identity Services
Engine
Apply defined policy
profiles based on:




Device Type
User
Location
Application
Aironet 3600
Prime
Management
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LIMITED
BASIC
ENHANCED
ADVANCED
Environment
Requires Tight Controls
Basic access for
additional devices
Any device, anywhere,
enhanced security
Corp Native
Applications,
New Services,
Full Control
School Only Device
Broader Device
Types but Internet
Access Only
Multiple Device Types
+ Access Methods
Facility and student
owned devices - on-site
and off-site access
Device-side Security
Any Device, Any
Ownership
IT Managed devices with
on-site access only
All other devices
prohibited
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IT managed devices –
limited off-site access
(mail, calendar)
Internet access only for
Guest Devices
Custom Apps
Enhanced Guest
Services
Multi-media
Collaboration
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Policy Management – ‘A MUST HAVE’
A System to Implement Technical Policy
I want to allow the
“right” users and devices on my
network
Authentication Services
I want user and devices
to receive appropriate network
services
Authorization Services
I want to allow guests
into the network
I need to allow/deny iPADs in my
network (BYOD)
Simplified Policy
Management
I want to allow the
“right” users and devices on my
network
I need a scalable way
of authorizing users or devices in
the network
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Guest Lifecycle
Management
Profiling
Services
Provisioning
Services
Security Group Access
Management
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Latest Wi-Fi Standard- 802.11ac
BYOD Trends
Key Wi-Fi system features
Architecture Overview
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Spectrum Analysis Technology
proactive and automatic interference protection
BEFORE
Wireless interference decreases
reliability and performance
AFTER
Active Spectrum Analyses solution can mitigate RF
interference and improving reliability and performance
Wireless Client
Performance
AIR QUALITY
PERFORMANCE
AIR QUALITY
PERFORMANCE
Active Spectrum Analysis– Improves Reliability and Performance
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Transmit Beamforming Technology
Advanced beam forming technology improves wireless client performance
BEFORE
Beam not directed towards client resulting in lower
performance
X
Beam Strength
AFTER
Beam directed towards client
resulting in better performance
Wireless Client
Performance
802.11n
Beam Forming
802.11n
Beamforming: throughput, channel capacity, battery life
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Theoretical RF Coverage
TxBFSmoothes out coverage
Real RF Coverage
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Automatic Band Steering and Selection for 5GHz Capable Devices
BEFORE
All clients crowd the 2.4GHz
spectrum lowering performance
AFTER
5GHz capable clients are automatically
moved to cleaner 5GHz spectrum
Wireless Client
Performance
2.4GHz
2.4GHz
Speed
Speed
5GHz Capable
5GHz Capable
2.4GHz
Speed
2.4GHz Capable
5 GHz
5 GHz
Speed
Speed
5GHz Capable
5GHz Capable
2.4GHz
Speed
2.4GHz Capable
Automatic Band Selecting —Improves Predictability and Performance
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Video Streaming – improving educational delivery
Optimizing end-to-end video starting at the Access Point
Multicast to Unicast Conversion at
the AP
Selectable Stream Prioritization
Resource Reservation Prevents
Oversubscription
VIDEO
NOT
AVAILABLE
Multicast Stream
AP
High Priority Event
AP
Meeting Room Event
Live Sporting Event
WLC
AP
Up to 30X Less Bandwidth Consumed with proper Video Streaming
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New in 7.4
Apple Bonjour and other consumer protocol service (mDNS) gateway
BEFORE
Isolated Apple Bonjour Network
AFTER
Bonjour Discovery, Advertisement & Policy
HP Printer
HP Printer
mDNS & Bonjour Services
NOT Routed
Apple TV
Enterprise / Higher Education
/ K-12
Routed
Network
Routed
Network
X
Apple TV
Apple TV
Apple TV
mDNS Profiles
Policy & Control
WLAN
Controller
WLAN
WLAN
Isolated
Services
No Network
Policy
L2
Only
Service Cache
and advertise
VLAN and WLAN
Policy
Enforcement
Services Across
L3 boundary
Bonjour Services Directory
Apple Bonjour discovery, advertisement and policy
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Application Visibility and Control
Call of Duty
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Instant
Messaging
Netflix
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Identify standard ports, L7 Deep Packet Inspection and Heuristics
BEFORE
Application View & Control based on Firewall sessions
AFTER
Network Based Application Recognition - NBAR2
Deep Packet Inspection and App ID
Visibility to the port level interaction but not
the applications running within the port
First
Generation
Firewall
HTTP = 75%
SMTP = 15%
FTP = 2%
Telnet = 1%
SNMP = 3%
Wireless LAN Controller
Netflix = 50%
YouTube = 15%
WebEx = 10%
Citrix = 9%
exchange= 8%
Traffic
NBAR2 LIBRARY
Deep Packet inspection
POLICY
Packet Mark and
Drop
Netflow v9 export
• Classify applications with sub-classification within applications: e.g. Lync – desktop share, video/voice, file
transfer
• Apply Granular policies - Per SSID, Device, Campus, Building, Floor
• Real-time troubleshooting on the Wireless LAN Controller
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AP’s: What’s under the hood DOES matter








More Memory
Faster Memory
Faster CPU
Active Spectrum Analysis
Transmit Beam Forming
Band Select
More Spatial Streams
2 x 2:2, 3 x 3:3 and 4 x 4:3
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•
•
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Latest Wi-Fi Standard- 802.11ac
BYOD Trends
Key Wi-Fi system features
Analytics
Architecture Overview
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Present Wi-Fi Architectural Options
One Policy, One Management,
One Network
New!
Autonomous
Simplicity
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Centralized
Controller
Local Switching
(remote AP)
Cloud
Deployment Flexibility Ease of use
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Centralized controller vs. Local switched
Locally Switched- Data does
NOT flow across WAN unless
destination is across LAN
WAN
Destination
Destination
Remote
Facility
Primary
Site
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CAPWAP Tunnel
Dataflow
Management traffic
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On Site Controller vs Cloud Controller
Ownership and Subscription differences
•
Ownership – is the traditional consumption model for network infrastructure for
the majority of the market at this time. For many businesses the only methods
they can purchase network components with is either outright purchase or a
lease with ownership transfer at lease end. If “Ownership” is the preferred
consumption model then go with Enterprise Unified Access.
•
Subscription – is a new and increasingly popular consumption model for
network infrastructure in which the hardware is purchased and owned outright
in the traditional sense, but the software that runs and manages the hardware is
sourced via the Cloud as a recurring subscription. If the subscription is not
maintained the hardware becomes inoperable. If “Subscription” is the preferred
consumption model then go with Cloud Managed Unified Access.
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Cloud-managed networking architecture
Network endpoints securely
connected to the cloud
Cloud-hosted centralized
management platform
Intuitive browser-based
dashboard
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Start
Which Mobility
Solution should you
position?
Do you prefer
ownership or a
subscription
consumption model
for network
infrastructure?
On Site Controller
or
Cloud Controller…
Ownership
Leased or Doesn’t
Matter
Lean IT
What is the
bandwidth of your
technical team who
will manage the
wireless network?
Wide
Cloud
Cloud Networking
Mobility Solution
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Where do you prefer
the configuration and
statistics be stored for
your network
infrastructure?
Doesn’t Matter
Onsite
Enterprise
Networking Mobility
Solution
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• One Policy (Wired and Wireless)
• One Network (what is you biggest Network access Method today?
• Therefore ONE MANAGEMENT
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Thank You!
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