PRESENT SIMPLE
is used:
for habits My Dad talks in his sleep.
to show how often things (don't) happen I don't see
him very often.
for permanent situations/states He lives in Japan.
for general truths, laws of nature, facts and abilities.
Water freezes at 0ºC.
for states Do you have a computer at the moment?
for the future schedules. The new term starts next
Monday.
for the future in conditional sentences I'll call you
when I get back.
PRESENT SIMPLE
is formed:
+
subject +
Jenny goes to school.
Vs +
…
I watch video on Sunday.
subject + do/does + not + V + …
Helen does not like football. I do not go to the cinema
very often.
? Wh… + do/does + subject + V + …
Does Jane have a guitar? Do you play tennis?
Why do you get up so early? Who cooks in your family?
NOTES FOR PRESENT SIMPLE
 We should add the –s ending to the verb in statements if the
subject is third person singular (he, she, it)
He
We, I
She goes
You
go
It
They
 In negatives and interrogatives we should use the auxiliary verb
does instead of do if the subject is third person singular (he,
she, it)
he
we, I
Does
she
Do
you
it
they
We should not add the –s ending to the verb neither in negatives
nor in interrogatives.
MARKERS OF
PRESENT SIMPLE
EVERY …
USUALLY
OFTEN
SOMETIMES
AND OTHER ADVERBS OF
FREQUENCY
PRESENT CONTINUOUS
is used:
events happening at a particular moment or around
the moment of speaking Don't make so much noise!
I am working!
She is looking for a better job.
for situations and events, which happen regularly, but
only for a limited period of time. We are using
public transport until our car is repaired.
for changing and developing situations The traffic in
our city is getting worse and worse.
for personal arrangements about the future I am
meeting Dan tomorrow.
to refer to annoying habits (usually with always) He is
always making so much noise in the early mornings!
PRESENT CONTINUOUS
is formed:
+
subject + is/am/are + Ving + …
Helen is watching TV. The books are getting more and
more popular again. I am studying English now.
subject + is/am/are + not + Ving + …
Jack is not doing his homework now. We are not going
to school this week. I am not going out this weekend.
? Wh… + is/am/are + subject + V + …
What is he doing next weekend? Is Garry playing
tennis now? Why are you writing this essay? Are you
visiting your Granny this weekend? What am I
watching? Am I watching TV?
NOTES FOR PRESENT
CONTINUOUS
 We should use the correct auxiliary verb accourding to the subject:
She
He is
It
We
You
They
are
I
am
 There are some verbs (called “non-continuous verbs”), which
can not be used in Present Continuous. They are:
 Verbs related to activities of the mind (admit, agree, know,
mean, remember, realise, want, believe, think…)
 Verbs related to emotions (care, like, love, hate, hope, enjoy,
can`t stand…)
 Having and being (appear, be, belong, have, include, need,
own, possess, consist of)
 Verbs related to senses (feel, see, hear, look, smell, sound)
MARKERS OF PRESENT
CONTINUOUS
(RIGHT)NOW
AT THE MOMENT
CURRENTLY
LOOK!
LISTEN!
PRESENT PERFECT
is used:
for completed actions at an unstated past time
Have you done your homework?
for completed actions if we are interested in the
present result He has finished his homework
so he can go for a walk.
for actions and situations continuing up till now
She has worked for this company since 1999.
for a series of actions continuing up till now
We have had an argument every day this week.
for personal experiences/changes She has
been to London.
to put emphasis on number I have lost 10
kilos.
PRESENT PERFECT
is formed:
subject + have/has + VIII + …
We have seen the Eiffel tower. Sue has done the
washing up.
+
subject + have/has + not + VIII + ..
They have not been to Moscow. Mark has not written
his essay.
? Wh… + have/has + subject + VIII + …
How many books has she read? Has he seen the film?
Have you finished the letter? Why have you lied to
me?
NOTES FOR PRESENT PERFECT
 We should use the correct auxiliary verb accourding to
the subject:
He
I, We
She
has
You
have
It
They
 We should never use Present Perfect when the exact
time of the action is given.
 We use question words (who, why, how, etc) quite rarely
and we never use the word when
MARKERS OF
PRESENT PERFECT
EVER
NEVER
SINCE
FOR
JUST
ALREADY
YET
PRESENT PERFECT
CONTINUOUS
is used:
for events and actions continuing up to the
present moment or stopping just before it. I'm
tired because I have been working all day.
for past actions of certain duration having
visible results or effects in the present Her
eyes are red because she has been crying.
to express anger, irritation, annoyance or
criticism. Who has been using my toothbrush?
to put emphasis on duration She has been
calling on clients since this morning.
PRESENT PERFECT
CONTINUOUS
perfect
is formed:
continuous
+ subject + have/has + been + Ving + …
Susan has been working for 5 hours. We have been writing an
essay all day.
- subject + have/has + not + been + Ving ..
Phil has not been playing football since 9 o`clock. Nel and his
friends have not been getting ready for the party.
? Wh… + have/has + subject + been + Ving + …
Why have you been using my mobile phone? Have you been
talking on the phone all morning? What has she been doing?
Has Helen been teasing you?
MARKERS OF
PRESENT PERFECT
CONTINUOUS
FOR
PAST SIMPLE
is used to talk about:
Single events or actions in the past
Our teacher came into the class late yesterday
Past habits
When I lived in Spain, I went to the beach every day.
States that took place in the past
When I was 5 I hated porridge.
A series of actions in the past
I came home, put off my coat, switched on the
computer and put a glass of milk into a microwave
oven.
MARKERS OF PAST
SIMPLE
YESTERDAY
…AGO
LAST…
PAST SIMPLE STATEMENTS
FORMATION
ПОДЛЕЖАЩЕЕ
1
VII
ВТОРОСТЕПЕННЫЕ ЧЛЕНЫ
Не went to school.
They helped Nick.
NOTE 1
VII
правильные
ED
played
неправильные
УЧИ
went
PAST SIMPLE NEGATIVES
FORMATION
ПОДЛЕЖАЩЕЕ
DID
NOT
V
ВТОРОСТЕПЕННЫЕ ЧЛЕНЫ
Не did not go to school.
They did not help Nick..
PAST SIMPLE INTERROGATIVES
FORMATION
DID
ПОДЛЕЖАЩЕЕ
V
ВТОРОСТЕПЕННЫЕ ЧЛЕНЫ
When did hе go to school?
Why did they help Nick?
PAST CONTINUOUS
is used to talk about:
Actions in progress around a specific past time
or at a specific time
Our teacher was ill this time last month. I was reading from 3 to 5 yesterday.
Progressive action in the past interrupted by
another action
While I was reading, Tim came.
Some progressive actions at the same time
While I was watching TV, Larry was cooking.
To give background information
It was raining as we traveled.
MARKERS OF PAST
CONTINUOUS
WHEN
WHILE
AS
AT THE TIME OF
PAST CONTINUOUS
STATEMENTS FORMATION
ПОДЛЕЖАЩЕЕ
1
WAS
WERE
VING
ВТОРОСТЕПЕННЫЕ ЧЛЕНЫ
Не was going to school.
They were helping Nick.
NOTE 1
We
They were
You
I
He
was
She
It
PAST CONTINUOUS NEGATIVES
FORMATION
ПОДЛЕЖАЩЕЕ
1
WAS
WERE
NOT
VING
ВТОРОСТЕПЕННЫЕ ЧЛЕНЫ
Не was not going to school.
They were not helping Nick.
PAST CONTINUOUS
INTERROGATIVES FORMATION
1
WAS
WERE
ПОДЛЕЖАЩЕЕ
VING
ВТОРОСТЕПЕННЫЕ ЧЛЕНЫ
When was hе going to school?
Why were they helping Nick?
NOTES FOR PAST CONTINUOUS

We should use the correct auxiliary verb accourding to the subject:
She
He
It





was
I, We
You
They
were
There are some verbs (called “non-continuous verbs”), which can not
be used in Present Continuous. They are:
Verbs related to activities of the mind (admit, agree, know, mean,
remember, realise, want, believe, think…)
Verbs related to emotions (care, like, love, hate, hope, enjoy, can`t
stand…)
Having and being (appear, be, belong, have, include, need, own,
possess, consist of)
Verbs related to senses (feel, see, hear, look, smell, sound)
PAST PERFECT
is used to talk about:
An action in the past before
another action in the past
Our Mum had cooked dinner before we came.
An action in the past that
happened before a definite time in
the past
While I was reading, Tim came.
To give a reason for the past event
I did the washing up because she had asked me to.
MARKERS OF PAST
PERFECT
BEFORE
BY
BECAUSE
PAST PERFECT STATEMENTS
FORMATION
ПОДЛЕЖАЩЕЕ
HAD
1
VIII
ВТОРОСТЕПЕННЫЕ ЧЛЕНЫ
Не had gone to school.
They had helped Nick.
NOTE 1
VIII
правильные
ED
played
неправильные
УЧИ
gone
PAST PERFECT NEGATIVES
FORMATION
1
ПОДЛЕЖАЩЕЕ
HAD
NOT
VIII
ВТОРОСТЕПЕННЫЕ ЧЛЕНЫ
Не had not gone to school.
They had not helped Nick.
PAST PERFECT
INTERROGATIVES FORMATION
1
HAD
ПОДЛЕЖАЩЕЕ
VIII
ВТОРОСТЕПЕННЫЕ ЧЛЕНЫ
Why had hе gone to school?
How had they helped Nick?
PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS
is used to talk about:
An action in the past that was
in progress up to or near a
certain time in the past. (you
want to emphasize duration of
the action)
She had been using computer for 5
hours and her eyes hurt.
MARKERS OF PAST
PERFECT
CONTINUOUS
FOR
SINCE
AND
PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS
STATEMENTS FORMATION
ПОДЛЕЖАЩЕЕ
HAD
past
BEEN
perfect
VING
ВТОРОСТЕПЕННЫЕ ЧЛЕНЫ
continuous
Не had been going to school.
They had been helping Nick.
PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS
NEGATIVES FORMATION
ПОДЛЕЖАЩЕЕ
HAD
NOT
BEEN
VING
ВТОРОСТЕПЕННЫЕ ЧЛЕНЫ
Не had not been going to school.
They had not been helping Nick.
PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS
INTERROGATIVES FORMATION
HAD
BEEN
ПОДЛЕЖАЩЕЕ
VING ВТОРОСТЕПЕННЫЕ ЧЛЕНЫ
Why had hе been going to school?
How long had they been helping Nick?
FUTURE SIMPLE (WILL+V)
Sudden (spontaneous, on-the-spot) decision
A: Phey, this bag's heavy.
B: I will carry it for you.
Promise/intention.
I'm sorry, I've forgotten your book today, but (I promise) I will bring it tomorrow.
Predictions based on opinions and beliefs
(It's just one's opinion but it can't be proved)
I think we will not use washing machines in 2400.
Requests and offers.
Will you open the door for me?
FUTURE SIMPLE
is formed:
+
subject + will + V + …
Helen will watch TV. The books will get more and more
popular again. I will study English next month.
subject + will + not + V + …
Jack will not do his homework tomorrow. We will not go to
school next week. I will not go out tomorrow.
? Wh… + will + subject + V + …
What will he do next weekend? Will Garry play tennis next
Friday? Why will you write this essay?
FUTURE CONTINUOUS
will be + Ving
Prolonged activity in the future, especially



when the exact period of time is given (from 3 to
5 tomorrow)
when we know the time of the activity (at 4
o`clock next Friday)
when another shorter activity will happen
during the one we mean (You will be sleeping
when I come.)
3
I come
4
5
FUTURE CONTINUOUS
is formed:
+
subject + will be + Ving + …
Helen will be watching TV. The books will be getting more
and more popular again. I will be studying English next
week.
subject + will
+ not + be + Ving + …
Jack will not be doing his homework next weekend. We will
not be going to school next Friday at 3 o`clock.
? Wh… + will + subject + be + V + …
What will he be doing next weekend? Will Garry be playing
tennis from 5 to 7 tomorrow?
FUTURE PERFECT
will have V3
Result we expect to have by a certain time in the
future.
We use this tense only when there are two “markers” :
by (which means Perfect) and next…/tomorrow
(which means Future)
I hope we will have finished the composition by 4
o'clock tomorrow evening.
FUTURE PERFECT
is formed:
subject + will have + VIII + …
We will have seen the Eiffel tower. Sue will have done the
washing up.
+
subject + will + not + have + VIII + ..
They will not have been to Moscow. Mark will not have
written his essay.
-
? Wh… + will + subject + have + VIII + …
How many books will she have read? Will he have seen the
film?
FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS
will have been Ving
Result of a process we will have achieved by a
certain time in the future.
I will have been expecting for him to come for
about 3 years next months.
FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS
+ subject + will have + been
+ Ving + …
I will have been waiting for him for a
whole month next week!
subject + will + not +
have + been + Ving + …
?
Wh… + will + subject +
have + VIII + …