Monday April
th
28
2014
• QU: Write a sentence that includes the word
evolved.
*You need your book for the rest of the year!!*
*Make up test: Schedule time*
• OBJ: Intro to Evolution
Tuesday April
th
29
2014
• QU: Describe what Darwin Discovered
*You need your book for the rest of the year!!*
*Turn in Ch 14 Homework to Bin*
• OBJ: Notes, Fossil Work
Lamarck was rejected because his mechanism by which evolution
occurred was not supported by DATA
Lamarck’s Observation:
• Inheritance of acquired characteristics:
– If a Kangaroo strengthened their legs by
jumping a lot they could pass that strength on.
*Found to be incorrect*
Observation #1
More offspring are
produced that can
possibly survive.
BUT populations
tend to remain
stable
AND there are
limited resources
SO the inference is:
There is a struggle for survival and
not all individuals will survive
Aphaenogaster tipuna ants fighting over food
OBSERVATION #2
Organisms display
a lot of variety in
their characteristics
Much of this
variety is inherited
Inference #2:
Those individuals whose inherited
traits that best fit them to their
particular environment will leave
more offspring
Inference #3:
This unequal ability of individuals to
survive and reproduce will cause a
gradual change in the population
1) Individuals DO NOT EVOLVE.Populations evolve
2) Evolution is not caused by a NEED of an individual.
3) Surviving does not contribute to evolution alone.
There also has to be reproduction
4) Adaptations depend on the environment
To observe evolution scientists use a variety of techniques:
Evolution: change over time
1.) Fossil Record
2.) Homologous Structures
3.) Vestigial Structures
4.) Amino Acid Sequencing
Fossils cont.
• Type of Rock fossils are found in:
– Mostly sedimentary rock
• Jellyfish or worm fossil?
– Usually not because only have soft tissue
• Most soft tissue decays or is eaten
• Fossils: preserved remains or marking left
by an organism that lived in the past.
• Fossil Record: chronological collection of
life’s remains in sedimentary rock layers.
Fitness
• Measure of reproductive success of
an organism in passing its genes to the
next generation
WedNesday April 30th 2014
• QU: What does it mean to be fit?
**Chapter 14 Test Tuesday May 6th**
*Turn in Fossil Records Lab to HW bin*
• OBJ: Over Chapter 13 Test, Over Ch 14 Sec
1 HW, Ch 14 Notes
Comparative Anatomy: is the study of similarities and
differences in the anatomy of organisms
Homologous Structures:
• Structural similarity found in more than one
species that share a common ancestor
– May be used for different
activities
Homologous structures that are function in some animals, but
nonfunctional in others. (Often are reduced in size)
TAIL
Analogous Structures
• Similar structures that evolved independently
are called analogous structures, or analogies.
• The wings of a dragonfly and of a bird
– In fact they are also analogous to the wing of a
747 (jet)
Biochemical: studying the similarities and
differences in the amino acid sequences of species
to determine relatedness
Universality of the Genetic Code: A G C and T
Codons “code for” amino acid order…
Codons “code for” amino acid order
The more similar the amino acid order the more similar
the protein sequence.
The more similar the protein sequence the more
similar the attributes.
The more similar the individual attributes
the more similar the individuals……
Thursday May
st
1
2014
• QU: In your own words describe Natural
Selection.
• OBJ: Over Fossil Lab, Amino Acid and
Homologous Structures Lab
Monday May
nd
2
2014
• QU: What is the difference between
homologous structures and vestigial
structures?
*Ch 14 Test Tomorrow*
• OBJ: Over Amino Acid Lab, Review for
Test
Tuesday May
th
6
2014
• QU: How did you study for this test?
*Turn in Ch 14 Review to HW Bin*
• OBJ: Chapter 14 Test
Chapter 14 Binder List
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
All Hand Written Notes
Chapter 14 Section 1 Questions
Interpreting Events from Fossil Evidence
Chapter 14 Quiz 1
Amino Acid Clocks
Darwin’s Natural Selection Worksheet
Chapter 14 Review
Comparative embryology: Looking at how organisms develop and
recognizing similarities in development
Population
• Group of
individuals
of the same
species
living in the
same area at
the same
time
GENE POOL
Gene Pool: ALL of the
alleles in ALL of the
individuals that make up a
population.
*Think of it as a reservoir from
which the next generation
draws its genes.*
The gene pool is
where all of the
GENETIC
VARIATION in a
population is stored.
Variation:Differences
among individuals of
the same species
Meiosis shuffles all of these genes
around to create “FRESH”
combinations.
Gene Flow: When
new individuals of the
species move into or
out of the region, it
can affect the gene
pool.
Because new individuals add
new genes to the population. This
affects the number of alleles in
the gene pool as well as the types
of alleles in the gene pool: At one
time the only people in North
America were once Native
Recent molecular evidence shows
that dogs are descended from the
gray wolf, domesticated about
130,000 years ago. But if they all
share a common ancestor, why do
toy poodles and Great Danes seem
to have little in common? Years of
selective breeding by humans has
resulted in the artificial "evolution"
of dogs into many different types.
Artificial Selection:
selective breeding of plants
and animals to produce
offspring with genetic traits
that humans value.
Antibiotics
• Medicine that
kills or slows
the growth of
bacteria
Tuesday May
th
14
2013
• QU: Describe how the gene flow affects the
gene pool.
**CH 14 Test Tomorrow**
*Ch 14 Review Due tomorrow*
• OBJ: Review for Test tomorrow
A) Divergent evolution  results in
homologous structures
B) Convergent evolution  results in
analogous structures