Social 30-2: Ideologies
RELATED ISSUE I: SHOULD IDEOLOGY BE THE FOUNDATION OF IDENTITY?
CHAPTER 3: SHOULD THE VALUES OF COLLECTIVISM SHAPE AN
IDEOLOGY?
Chapter Issue: Should the values of
collectivism shape an ideology?
Questions for Inquiry:
1.
What are some key understandings of collectivism?
2.
How are the values of collectivism expressed politically?
3.
How are the values of collectivism expressed economically?
4.
How are the values of collectivism expressed socially?
Understandings of
Collectivism
WHAT ARE SOME KEY UNDERSTANDINGS OF COLLECTIVISM?
Early Collectivist Ideas
•Early human societies were collectivist
• Why?
•Common good
•Leroy Little Bear (p. 69)
•Interconnectedness among people in a society
• Some First Nations’ worldviews
• Holistic
•Figure 3-4 (p. 70)
Political Expressions of
Collectivism
HOW ARE THE VALUES OF COLLECTIVISM EXPRESSED POLITICALLY?
Roots of Collectivism in Politics
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
• Social contract with other
members of society
• Individuals voluntarily give up
their self-interests to follow the
collective will
• Promotes common good of
society
• Encourages liberty and equality
among individuals
• Applies to everyone
• Development of democracy and
ideologies of socialism and
communism
Thomas Hobbes
• Social contract with other
members of society
• Individuals swapped freedom for
security
• Strong government to govern
everyone’s interests
• To avoid constant conflict with
one another
Karl Marx
• The Communist Manifesto
• Capitalism = poor living and
working conditions for workingclass people
• Classless society
• Workers unite, take collective
control of industries and
properties
• Property shared for common
good and not for a handful
Collective Interest
•A fundamental idea in most collectivist ideologies
•What is it?
•Individual decisions are based on what?
•Is individual excellence encouraged
•Self-interest…can be punished
•Foundation of social movements and lobby groups
• L’Organisation internationale de la Francophonie (OIF) and Assembly of First Nations (AFN)
•Change and reform
•Political expression of collective interest: collective rights
•Labour unions  better contracts/working conditions
Collective Responsibility
•Group’s responsibility for the actions of all individual members
•Individuals have a responsibility to the group rather than to themselves
•Voices: Collective Responsibility in Aboriginal Communities
Collective Responsibility (cont’d)
Collective Responsibility and the Legal System
•Khawater 7 – Episode 9 Everyone makes mistakes
•https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R4YjMGxnW-I
•Restorative justice programs
• Mediated communication between victim and offender
• Family group conferencing
• Sentencing circles (offender has strong ties to community where crime was committed)
• Calgary Community Conferencing
• Sentences reached by consensus
Collective Responsibility (cont’d)
Collective Responsibility in North Korea
•Ideology is a form of communism
•EXTREME form of collective responsibility
•See Kwon Hyok, former of Head of Security of North Korea, defected to South Korea in 1999
• Page 76/77
Hmmm…
Explain the idea of collective responsibility in your own words.
Provide examples of collective responsibility from your own experience.
Economic Expressions of
Collectivism
HOW ARE THE VALUES OF COLLECTIVISM EXPRESSED
ECONOMICALLY?
Roots of Collectivism in Economics
1800s: Industrial Revolution
•Mechanical inventions used to produce goods, previously hand-made goods
•Large factories built = larger and wealthier middle class
•Workers got the shorter end of the stick
• In what ways?
•Political ideas focused on growing gap between rich and poor
•Karl Marx
• See Figure 3-10 The Development of Society According to Marx (p. 79)
Integrating Values of Collectivism and
Individualism
•Do all Canadians make the same-ish amount of money?
•Same-ish quality of life?
•How does Canada integrate values of both Collectivism and Individualism when it comes to the
economy?
•How do Canadians “share the wealth”?
Public Property
What is it?
•It addresses the issue of economic inequality
•Marx: all industries could be public property; property controlled by the state for the common
good of the collective
•Collective ownership of factories and businesses
•How does public property act as a motivation?
• Is there a difference if the collective/group is large or small?
•Crown land and Crown corporations
•Religious communities and collectivist values: Hutterites practice “community of goods” (based
on Bible interpretation)
Privatization of Natural Resources
Governments with collectivist values prefer government ownership
Governments with individualist values prefer private ownership
•Harvesting & privatization of natural resources  harmful consequences for society
•Example: 1999, the Bolivian governments granted Bechtel (an American company) a 40 year
privatization lease to control the supply of water in the city of Cochabamba
• Page 83-84
• Reading Guide
Co-operatives
An enterprise that is owned and operated by a group of people for their mutual benefit. It
provides products/services to its members.
•Guiding principles:
• Voluntary and open membership
• Democratic control by members
• Economic participation by members
•Examples: daycares, health care centres, stores, credit unions
•Advantages?
•Disadvantages?
Social Expressions of
Collectivism
HOW ARE THE VALUES OF COLLECTIVISM EXPRESSED SOCIALLY?
Co-operation
•Sharing is caring
•Team [work]
•It all comes down to a common goal
•--when individuals put the goals of the group ahead of their
personal goals and when public property is shared to some
extent by everyone, people are demonstrating a social
expression of collective values.--
Social Expressions of Collective
Responsibility
•We discussed Collective Responsibility in the Political Expressions of Collectivism
section
• The group is responsible for the actions of the individuals of the group
• Individuals have a responsibility to the group rather than only themselves
•Collective responsibility has social implications
• What is an example?
•Do you demonstrate social expressions of collective values, such as that of
collective responsibility? Why?
•Do you consider the effects of your decisions on future generations? (p. 88)
Adherence to Collective Norms
•How can individuals be persuaded to align their self-interests with the collective interest of the
group?
•Incentive?
•Ie. Adherence to collective norms…
• What does this mean?
•Pressure to ‘fit in’ aka High school
•How could collective norms have a positive and negative impact on some members of a
collective?
•How could adherence to collective norms be useful in a society based on collectivism?
At this point, you should be able to
respond to the initial chapter inquiries…
1.
What are some key understandings of collectivism?
2.
How are the values of collectivism expressed politically?
3.
How are the values of collectivism expressed economically?
4.
How are the values of collectivism expressed socially?
Related Issue I: Should ideology be the foundation of identity?