Ryan Adams
Andrew Beam
Michael Francesconi
Noushin Sharmeli
Zoe Waide
Austin White
• Sea level water way running across the isthmus of
Suez, Egypt
• Connects the Mediterranean and Red Seas
• Shortest maritime route between Europe and
lands lying around the Western Pacific Oceans
• The canal extends 101 miles (163 kilometers)
 Construction: April 1859 - November 1869
 People no longer had to travel around Africa
 No locks; water flows freely through the canal
 Owned and maintained by the Suez Canal Authority
 In time of war any country may use the canal
peacefully
• May, 1916
• During WWI
• Named after Sir Mark Sykes
(Britain) and Francois GeorgesPicot (France)
• Secret convention made between
Britain, France, and with the
assent of Russia
• Arabs wanted to revolt against
the Ottoman Empire
• France and Britain were
prepared to recognize and
protect an independent Arab
state or a confederation of Arab
states
The Sykes-Picot Agreement Led to
the…
• Partition/downfall of the Ottoman Empire
• Division of Turkish-owned Syria, Iraq, Lebanon,
and Palestine into French and British administered
areas
The Balfour Declaration
• Nov. 2, 1917
• Written by Arthur James Lord Balfour to
Lord Rothschild
• British support for Jewish establishment in
Palestine
• Hoped the Jewish people would side with
allies, during WWI
The Balfour Declaration
• Nations with the allies supported the
Declaration
• Palestinian Arabs felt betrayed, they were
also promised the land
• Both Jews and Arabs felt betrayed
• Jews emigrated to Palestine, Arabs felt
threatened and conflict arose
• 1919-1947
• League of Nations
• Article 22 of Treaty of Versailles – A, B,
and C mandates
• A: Iraq, Palestine, Transjordan, Syria,
Lebanon
• B: Ruanda-Urundi, Tanganyika,
Cameroon, Togoland
• C: German New Guinea, Nauru, German
Samoa, South Pacific Mandate, SouthWest Africa
Early BP
• 1901-1918
• Early BP called Anglo-Persian Oil
Company
• Funded by William D’arcy
• Search for first oil led by George
Reynolds
• Found first oil in Persia: May 26,1908
Early BP
• Company now had oil, but few companies
• Winston Churchill supported the company
• Believed that they could give Britain a
steady supply of oil
• WWI broke out, company had no shortage
of customers
• British government seized BP’s assets,
gave them to Anglo-Persian Oil Company
during WWI
• BP: German company based in Britain
then
•Exploration for oil began in 1860s
•1908—search in Egypt began, but failed
•Later on, British company struck oil in PERSIA (now
Iran) ----------- first BIG oil find in middle east----------•D’Arcy—oil man
• 1908-BIGGEST oil field in the world (at that time)
found in D’Arcy’s territory
•1909→Anglo-Persian Oil→Anglo-Iranian Oil →British
Petroleum
•black gold
• provides power for automobiles, airplanes,
factories, farm equipment, trains, ships and
MORE
•generates heat and electricity for many
houses and businesses.
WORKS CONSULTED
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/in_depth/middle_east/2001/israel_and_the_palestinians/key_documents/1681362.stm
http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/sykes_picot_agreement.htm
http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/577523/Sykes-Picot-Agreement
http://israelipalestinian.procon.org/view.answers.php?questionID=496
http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/britain-and-france-conclude-sykes-picot-agreement
http://www.americanroyaltycouncil.com/Resources/HistoryofOil/tabid/109/Default.aspx
http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/darcy-william-knox-5882
http://school.eb.com/eb/article-43475?query=middle eastern oil companies&ct=null
http://school.eb.com/eb/article-50719?query=early oil production&ct=null
http://www.geohelp.net/world.html
http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/balfour_declaration_of_1917.htm
http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/balfour.asp
http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/50162/Balfour-Declaration
http://www.bp.com/sectiongenericarticle.do?categoryId=9014440&contentId=7027520
http://www.bp.com/sectiongenericarticle.do?categoryId=9014441&contentId=7027521
http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/80326/BP-PLC
http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/92049/canal
http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/571673/Suez-Canal
http://www.menl.org
http://www.worldbookonline.com/advanced/article?id=ar341640&st=mandate+system
http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_was_the_World_War_1_mandate_system
•
•
Leczowski, George. The Middle East in World Affairs, 4th edition. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1980.
Walters, F.P. A History of the League of Nations. London and New York: Oxford University Press, 1952.
•
http://wa8.wikispaces.com/League+of+Nations