Study Guide for Final Exam and Make up Exam English III
Present Continuous
The Present Continuous Tense refers to an action in progress at the moment of speaking.
Example:
Is Sarah sleeping now?
Yes, she’s sleeping now.
Are the kids playing in the yard?
No, they aren’t playing in the yard.
What are they doing?
They are watching T.V.
 Subject + aux BE + (v+ing) for affirmative
 Subject + aux BE [negative] + (v+ing) for negative
 {Question word +} Aux BE + subject + (v+ing) for questions.
 Time expressions: now, right now, at this moment.
Form sentences in Present Continuous using the information provided:
Example:
She / play tennis/ now.
She is playing tennis now.
1. They/ eat pizza/ in this moment.
_____________________________________________________________
2. You / study for the exam/ right now/ ?
_____________________________________________________________
3. They/ not do their homework/ at this moment.
_____________________________________________________________
4. I / not take notes / now.
______________________________________________________________
5. He / take a shower/ at this moment.
______________________________________________________________
6. She / wash the dishes/ now/ ?
______________________________________________________________
7. What / we / do here/ ?
_____________________________________________________________
8. The cat / play with a ball / now.
_____________________________________________________________
Answer the following questions:
1. Is your mother working right now? _____________________________________
2. What is your father doing in this moment? _______________________________
3. Is your grandmother cooking now? ____________________________________
4. What is the teacher doing? __________________________________________
5. Are you paying attention to the class? _________________________________
Simple Present
The simple present tense is one of the most common tenses in English. The Simple Present
Tense is used to talk about habits or routines and facts.
Simple present tense
There are only two basic forms for the simple present tense; one ends with -s and the other
doesn't. Here are the rules, using the example verb "walk":
Subject
Verb Form
Example
I
simple form
I walk
You
simple form
You walk
He
simple form + S
He walks
She
simple form + S
She walks
It
simple form + S
It walks
We
simple form
We walk
They
simple form
They walk
In other words, only THIRD PERSON SINGULAR subjects (he, she and it) have to have a verb
with ‘S’.
-s or -es ?
With most verbs, the third person singular is formed simply by adding ‘S’. However, with some
verbs, you need to add ‘ES’ or change the ending. Follow these rules:
Verb ending in...
How to form the 3rd person singular
Example
s
Add -ES
He passes
z
Add -ES
She waltzes
sh
Add -ES
She washes
ch
Add -ES
He watches
x
Add -ES
She fixes
consonant + y
Change Y to I, then add -ES
It cries
[anything else]
Add -S
He sings
Circle the correct option:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
We fly/flies to Spain every summer.
She live/lives in California.
My life is so boring…I just watch/watches TV every night.
John try/tries very hard in class; however he gets low grades.
My best friend visit/visits me every Saturday.
They never go/goes on vacation.
She watch/watches TV in the evening.
An opera singer sing/sings very well
Commands and Requests
A command is an order. A command does not have a subject. It can be affirmative or negative.
Example:
Stand up!
/
Pass me the book
/
Don’t speak Spanish in class.
A request is a formal and polite way to ask for a favor or give an order. It usually includes the
word ‘please’. It can also appear as a question:
Please sit down.
/
Could you please turn off the lights? /
Be quiet, please.
Frequency Adverbs
Frequency adverbs normally come before the main verb and after the verb TO BE.
Example:
He always arrives late
S + F.A + main verb
He is usually late.
S +BE + F.A.
The chart is a guideline for using frequency adverbs.
always
100%
almost always
90%
usually
80%
very often/frequently
70%
often
60%
sometimes
50%
occasionally
40%
almost never
20%
seldom/rarely
10%
never
0%
We use the question HOW OFTEN? to ask about frequency.
Example:
How often do you go to the theater?
I NEVER go to the theater.
How often do you see Tom?
I SOMETIMES see him at school.
Put the sentences in order.
1. goes/ Tom/ in/ never/ winter/ swimming/ the.
______________________________________________________________________
2. generally/ My/ slowly/ drives/ grandmother.
______________________________________________________________________
3. to/ I/ gym/ hardly/ go/ the/ ever.
______________________________________________________________________
4. sad/ sometimes/ He/ is.
______________________________________________________________________
5. dentist/ to/ do/ go/ often/ How/ the/ you?
___________________________________________________________________________
Simple Past
Past of verb ‘To Be’
The past tense of verb ‘To Be’ is formed with WAS or WERE. We use WAS for he, she, it
and I. We use WERE for you, we and they. In negative, the contracted forms can be WASN’T
and WEREN’T An auxiliary is not necessary in negative or questions.
Complete the following exercise with the correct form of verb ‘To Be’ in past.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
I __________ sick last week.
Porfirio Díaz _________ an American president.
Diego Rivera and Frida Kahlo ___________ Mexican painters.
You _________ 16 years old last year.
A: ________ you at home yesterday? B: No, I ________ home yesterday. I _______ in
Cuernavaca.
6. Grace Kelly ___________ a beautiful princess.
7. Michael Jackson and Elvis Presley __________ French singers.
8. __________ the students cheating on the exam this morning?
There are two kinds of verbs in English: Regular and Irregular. Regular verbs form the past
tense by adding -ED Some examples are:
Simple Form
play
talk
add
Simple Past
Irregular verbs do not follow a specific rule to form the past tense. You need to memorize
them. Some examples are:
Simple Form
Simple Past
swim
SWAM
put
PUT
take
TOOK
Write the correct form of the verb in Past tense.
1. Yesterday, I __________ (go) to the restaurant with a client.
2. We _____________ (drive) around the parking lot for 20 minutes in order to find a
parking space.
3. When we _________ (arrive) at the restaurant, the place ________ (be) full.
4. The waitress ________ (ask) us if we ________ (have) reservations.
5. I _________ (say), “No, my secretary ____________ (forget) to make them.”
6. The waitress __________ (tell) us to come back in two hours.
7. My client and I slowly __________ (walk) back to the car.
8. Then we ___________ (see) a small grocery store.
9. We ____________ (stop) in the grocery store and _________ (buy) some sandwiches.
10. That _________ (be) better than waiting for two hours.
Correct the mistakes in the following sentences:
1. Last night, Samantha have pizza for supper.
2. My pet lizard was died last month.
3. Yesterday I spend two hours cleaning my living room.
4. This morning before coming to class, Jack eats two bowls of cereal.
5. What was happened to your leg?
Past Continuous
We use the Past Continuous to express actions that were in progress in the past.
The students were in the cafeteria from
10:00 to 10:30.
Example:
Was Carlos sleeping at 10:00?
Carlos woke up at 10:10.
Yes, he was sleeping at 10:00
Where the students taking a class when
Carlos woke up?
No, they weren’t taking a class when he
woke up.
What were they doing?
They were eating in the cafeteria.
Were they eating while Carlos was
sleeping?
Yes, they were eating while Carlos was
sleeping.
Examples:
I was taking a shower at 7 a.m.
I was studying while my brother was watching T.V.
I was sleeping WHEN the phone rang.
They were having lunch WHEN the neighbor arrived.
Match the columns:
a. I was kissing my girlfriend
(
) when the phone rang.
b. The teacher was giving a class
(
) when the lights went off.
c. Sarah was taking a shower
(
) when the police arrived.
d. We were listening to music
(
) when her father arrived.
e. They were robbing a bank
(
) when the teacher asked me a
question.
f.
I wasn’t paying attention
(
) when the principal called him.
Future with GOING TO
Going To
We use going to …
1) planned actions in the future
We are going to sing at the party.
2) You are certain that something is going to happen in the future.
Look at this car! It is going to crash into the yellow one.
Structure:
Subject + aux be (am, are, is) + going to + verb in simple form
Example:
Affirmative sentences:
I am going to play basketball.
I'm going to play basketball.
You are going to play basketball.
You're going to play basketball.
Negative sentences:
I am not going to play basketball.
I'm not going to play basketball.
Questions:
Am I going to play basketball?
You are not going to play basketball.
You're not going to play basketball.
You aren't going to play basketball.
Are
you going to play basketball?
Complete the sentences using GOING TO in affirmative or negative.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
He __________________ (buy/negative) a car this year.
We __________________ (study) at Karla’s house.
The teacher _________________ (give) us a reading exam.
She _________________ (get married) next month.
They ________________ (sell/negative) their house.
I ________________ ( go to school) tomorrow because I have a cold.
You ____________________ (see/negative) that movie. It’s a horror movie!
We _____________________(bake/negative) a cake. We want a pie instead.
WILL
The Future has two different forms in English: "will" and "going to." Although the two forms can
sometimes be used interchangeably, they often express two very different meanings. These
different meanings might seem too abstract at first, but with time and practice, the differences
will become clear. Both "will" and "going to" refer to a specific time in the future.
Structure
[will + verb in simple form]
Examples:

You will help him later.
 Will you help him later?
 You will not help him later.
*If you’re not sure about doing something in the future, you can express that uncertainty with
MAY. Example: Q: WILL it rain tomorrow? A:It MAY rain tomorrow.
Match the columns
a. The phone is ringing.
(
) She may not go because she’s sick.
b. Will you go to Paul’s party?
(
) He’ll get there at 10:00 p.m.
c.
(
) My mom may lend me her car.
d. What will you bring?
(
) I’ll answer it.
e. What time will the D.J arrive?
(
) We’ll bring sodas and chips.
f.
(
) Of course! I won’t miss it!.
Will Maya go to the party?
Will you take a taxi?
"Will" to Express a Voluntary Action
"Will" often suggests that a speaker will do something voluntarily. A voluntary action is one the
speaker offers to do for someone else. Often, we use "will" to respond to someone else's
complaint or request for help. We also use "will" when we request that someone help us or
volunteer to do something for us. Similarly, we use "will not" or "won't" when we refuse to
voluntarily do something.
Examples:





I will send you the information when I get it.
I will translate the email, so Mr. Smith can read it.
Will you help me move this heavy table?
Will you make dinner?
I will not do your homework for you.

I won't do all the housework myself!
 A: I'm really hungry.
B: I'll make some sandwiches.
 A: I'm so tired. I'm about to fall asleep.
B: I'll get you some coffee.
 A: The phone is ringing.
B: I'll get it.
"Will" to Express a Promise
"Will" is commonly used in promises.
Examples:





I will call you when I arrive.
If I am elected President of the United States, I will make sure everyone has access to
inexpensive health insurance.
I promise I will not tell him about the surprise party.
Don't worry, I'll be careful.
I won't tell anyone your secret.
"Going to" to Express a Plan
"Going to" expresses that something is a plan. It expresses the idea that a person intends to do
something in the future. It does not matter whether the plan is realistic or not.
Examples:








He is going to spend his vacation in Hawaii.
She is not going to spend her vacation in Hawaii.
A: When are we going to meet each other tonight?
B: We are going to meet at 6 PM.
I'm going to be an actor when I grow up.
Michelle is going to begin medical school next year.
They are going to drive all the way to Alaska.
Who are you going to invite to the party?
A: Who is going to make John's birthday cake?
B: Sue is going to make John's birthday cake.
"Will" or "Be Going to" to Express a Prediction
Both "will" and "be going to" can express the idea of a general prediction about the future.
Predictions are guesses about what might happen in the future. In the following examples, there
is no difference in meaning.
Examples:

The year 2222 will be a very interesting year.
 The year 2222 is going to be a very interesting year.
 John Smith will be the next President.
 John Smith is going to be the next President.
 The movie "Zenith" will win several Academy Awards.
The movie "Zenith" is going to win several Academy Awards
Present Perfect
We use the Present Perfect to say that an action happened at an indefinite in the past. The
exact time is not important. You CAN’T use the Present Perfect with specific time expressions
such as: yesterday, one year ago, last week, when I was a child, when I lived in Japan, at that
moment, that day, one day, etc.
Examples:








I have seen that movie many times.
I think I have met him before.
There have been many earthquakes in Mexico.
People have traveled to the Moon.
People have not traveled to Mars.
Have you read the book yet?
Nobody has ever climbed that mountain.
A: Has there ever been a war in the United States?
B: Yes, there has been a war in the United States.
Structure:
(+)
Subject + have/has + (verb in past participle)
(-)
Subject + Haven’t/hasn’t + (verb in past participle)
(?)
Have/Has + Subject + (verb in past participle)
*It’s important to study and memorize the past participle form of the verbs in order to use this structure. You can study
the verbs from the list at the end of your book.
Complete the sentences. Use Present Perfect.
1. I ______________ (read) that book.
2. He ______________ (wash) his father’s car.
3. We _______________ (visit) the new museum in Polanco.
4. Mom _____________(cook) dinner.
5. My sister _____________ (finish) the university.
6. They _____________ (buy) a new house.
7. You ____________ (see) that movie many times.
8. He ___________ (call) his girlfriend three times today!
9. The teacher _____________ (correct) the exams.
10. I _____________ (do) my homework.
The negative sentences can be formed using NEVER and YET:
Example:
I haven’t gone to India.
I have never gone to India.
I haven’t gone to India yet.
You can use ALREADY to emphasize that the action has been done at least once:
Example:
She has been to Europe once.
She has already been to Europe.
MODAL AUXILIARIES
Study the following Modals:
CAN- Possibility / Ability
Have to – Obligation or necessity
Don’t/doesn’t have to – It’s not necessary
Should – Recommendation
Shouldn’t – It’s not a good idea/Not recommendable
Can’t- Prohibited
Complete the sentences using the corresponding modal auxiliary.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
The teacher has a fever. She _________________ see a doctor.
Students ______________ do homework to avoid detention.
Students ________________ buy books at Colegio Anahuac.
You ____________ ask for permission to go to the restroom during the first classes.
You ____________ play volleyball or eat your lunch during recess time.
Phrasal Verbs
Match the columns. Follow the example.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Pick up
Take out
Write down
Put out
Hang up
Take off
Turn up
Turn off
Turn on
Put away
( ) the date
( ) your raincoat
( ) the volume
( ) the T.V. to watch it.
( ) your room
( 6 ) your sweater.
( ) a sheet of paper
( ) the groceries
( ) the screen when you leave the classroom
( ) your cigarette