Chapter 11
Introduction to Atoms
Preview
CRCT Preparation
< Back
Next >
Preview
Main
Chapter 11
CRCT Preparation
1. What principle of electromagnetic force is
depicted in the above diagram of an atom?
A Particles with the same charges
have no effect on each other.
B Particles with opposite charges
attract each other.
C Electromagnetic force repels
objects from the nucleus.
D Protons and neutrons repel each
other because they have the same
charge.
< Back
Next >
Preview
Main
Chapter 11
CRCT Preparation
1. What principle of electromagnetic force is
depicted in the above diagram of an atom?
A Particles with the same charges
have no effect on each other.
B Particles with opposite charges
attract each other.
C Electromagnetic force repels
objects from the nucleus.
D Protons and neutrons repel each
other because they have the same
charge.
< Back
Next >
Preview
Main
Chapter 11
CRCT Preparation
2. What is the key difference that causes the atoms
of one element to differ from the atoms of all other
elements?
A the number of electrons
B the number of isotopes
C the number of neutrons
D the number of protons
< Back
Next >
Preview
Main
Chapter 11
CRCT Preparation
2. What is the key difference that causes the atoms
of one element to differ from the atoms of all other
elements?
A the number of electrons
B the number of isotopes
C the number of neutrons
D the number of protons
< Back
Next >
Preview
Main
Chapter 11
CRCT Preparation
3. Atom A contains 8 protons and 8 neutrons. Atom
B contains 8 protons and 9 neutrons. Which of the
following statements correctly describes the two
atoms?
A They are isotopes.
B They are radioactive.
C They are atoms of different elements.
D They have the same mass number.
< Back
Next >
Preview
Main
Chapter 11
CRCT Preparation
3. Atom A contains 8 protons and 8 neutrons. Atom
B contains 8 protons and 9 neutrons. Which of the
following statements correctly describes the two
atoms?
A They are isotopes.
B They are radioactive.
C They are atoms of different elements.
D They have the same mass number.
< Back
Next >
Preview
Main
Chapter 11
CRCT Preparation
4. Which of the following pieces of equipment was J.
J. Thomson using when he discovered electrons?
A electron microscope
B magnifying lens
C cathode-ray tube
D telescope
< Back
Next >
Preview
Main
Chapter 11
CRCT Preparation
4. Which of the following pieces of equipment was J.
J. Thomson using when he discovered electrons?
A electron microscope
B magnifying lens
C cathode-ray tube
D telescope
< Back
Next >
Preview
Main
Chapter 11
CRCT Preparation
5. Which of the following statements about the mass
of a neutron is true?
A A neutron has half the mass of a proton.
B A neutron is a little more massive than a proton.
C A neutron has the same mass as an electron.
D A neutron is a little less massive than an electron.
< Back
Next >
Preview
Main
Chapter 11
CRCT Preparation
5. Which of the following statements about the mass
of a neutron is true?
A A neutron has half the mass of a proton.
B A neutron is a little more massive than a proton.
C A neutron has the same mass as an electron.
D A neutron is a little less massive than an electron.
< Back
Next >
Preview
Main
Chapter 11
CRCT Preparation
6. A neutral atom has an atomic number of 20 and a
mass number of 42. How many electrons does the
atom have?
A 20
B 22
C 42
D 62
< Back
Next >
Preview
Main
Chapter 11
CRCT Preparation
6. A neutral atom has an atomic number of 20 and a
mass number of 42. How many electrons does the
atom have?
A 20
B 22
C 42
D 62
< Back
Next >
Preview
Main
Chapter 11
CRCT Preparation
7. According to the table, which of the following sets
of particles has no charge?
A 6 protons, 5 neutrons, 4 electrons
B 5 protons, 6 neutrons, 5 electrons
C 4 protons, 4 neutrons, 6 electrons
D 6 protons, 5 neutrons, 5 electrons
< Back
Next >
Preview
Main
Chapter 11
CRCT Preparation
7. According to the table, which of the following sets
of particles has no charge?
A 6 protons, 5 neutrons, 4 electrons
B 5 protons, 6 neutrons, 5 electrons
C 4 protons, 4 neutrons, 6 electrons
D 6 protons, 5 neutrons, 5 electrons
< Back
Next >
Preview
Main
Chapter 11
CRCT Preparation
8. According to the table, about how much mass
would a nucleus that is composed of 15 protons and
18 neutrons have?
A 15 amu
B 18 amu
C 23 amu
D 33 amu
< Back
Next >
Preview
Main
Chapter 11
CRCT Preparation
8. According to the table, about how much mass
would a nucleus that is composed of 15 protons and
18 neutrons have?
A 15 amu
B 18 amu
C 23 amu
D 33 amu
< Back
Next >
Preview
Main
Chapter 11
CRCT Preparation
9. According to the table, which of the following statements
about the mass of subatomic particles is true?
A The particles found in the nucleus are much more massive
than the particles found in the electron cloud.
B Protons and electrons have about the same mass.
C Neutrons are much less massive than protons and electrons.
D The positively-charged particles in the nucleus are much
more massive than the neutral particles in the nucleus.
< Back
Next >
Preview
Main
Chapter 11
CRCT Preparation
9. According to the table, which of the following statements
about the mass of subatomic particles is true?
A The particles found in the nucleus are much more massive
than the particles found in the electron cloud.
B Protons and electrons have about the same mass.
C Neutrons are much less massive than protons and electrons.
D The positively-charged particles in the nucleus are much
more massive than the neutral particles in the nucleus.
< Back
Next >
Preview
Main
Chapter 11
CRCT Preparation
10. What would an atom of aluminum that has 13
protons and 15 neutrons be named?
A aluminum-13
B aluminum-15
C aluminum-26
D aluminum-28
< Back
Next >
Preview
Main
Chapter 11
CRCT Preparation
10. What would an atom of aluminum that has 13
protons and 15 neutrons be named?
A aluminum-13
B aluminum-15
C aluminum-26
D aluminum-28
< Back
Next >
Preview
Main
Chapter 11
CRCT Preparation
11. Oxygen has an atomic number of 8. Which of the
following could form the nucleus of an isotope of
oxygen?
A 4 protons and 4 neutrons
B 6 protons and 8 neutrons
C 8 protons and 10 neutrons
D 6 protons and 2 neutrons
< Back
Next >
Preview
Main
Chapter 11
CRCT Preparation
11. Oxygen has an atomic number of 8. Which of the
following could form the nucleus of an isotope of
oxygen?
A 4 protons and 4 neutrons
B 6 protons and 8 neutrons
C 8 protons and 10 neutrons
D 6 protons and 2 neutrons
< Back
Next >
Preview
Main
Chapter 11
CRCT Preparation
12. John Dalton, a British chemist, published his
atomic theory in 1803. What were the three main
points of Dalton’s theory? Which of those points were
eventually shown to be incorrect?
< Back
Next >
Preview
Main
Chapter 11
CRCT Preparation
12. Answer - Full-credit answers should include the following points:
• All substances are made of atoms. Atoms are small particles that
cannot be created, divided, or destroyed.
• Atoms of the same element are exactly alike, and atoms of different
elements are different.
• Atoms join with other atoms to make new substances.
• The idea that atoms cannot be divided was shown to be incorrect
when subatomic particles were discovered. Atoms can also be
created or destroyed during nuclear changes.
• The idea that atoms of the same element are exactly alike was
shown to be incorrect. Isotopes of an element have different numbers
of neutrons in them.
< Back
Next >
Preview
Main
Chapter 11
CRCT Preparation
13. The interactions of four fundamental forces can
describe all the physical relationships in nature.
Describe these four forces and explain how they
contribute to the structure of an atom.
< Back
Next >
Preview
Main
Chapter 11
CRCT Preparation
13. Answer - Full-credit answers should include the following points:
• Gravitational force is a force of attraction between objects because
of their masses. A small gravitational force pulls the particles of an
atom together.
• Electromagnetic force is a force between charged objects. Protons
and electrons are attracted to each other because they have opposite
charges. The electromagnetic force holds the electrons around the
nucleus and repels protons from one another.
• The strong force is a force that holds the particles in nuclei together.
Without the strong force, the protons in a nucleus would fly apart
because of the electromagnetic force.
• The weak nuclear force is an important force in radioactive atoms.
The weak force plays a key role in the change of a neutron into a
proton and an electron.
< Back
Next >
Preview
Main