A. Sir Walter Raleigh
1. Settled Roanoke Island (part of North Carolina)
2. By 1590, it had disappeared
3. Known as the “Lost Colony”
B. Jamestown founded in 1607
1. Funded by a joint-stock company
(by investors seeking a return on investment)
A. Establish plantations
B. Virginia Company
2. Starving time – cannibalism
A. John Smith takes charge
both moral and martial (strict rules followed by the
B. Laws Devine –
colony…..if you did not work, you did not eat)
C. Saved by the POWHATAN Confederacy & Pocahontas
C. John Rolfe
1. Married Pocahontas – daughter of the Chief of the Powhatan Tribe
2. Introduced the CASH CROP of TOBACCO to the colony
D. Overpopulation in England led to widespread FAMINE, DISEASE, & POVERTY
1. Opportunity in New World – INDENTURED SERVITUDE (SERVANT)
2. Free passage to the New World
3. Promised 7 years of labor – ½ died before the 7 years
E. In 1618, the Virginia Company introduced the HEADRIGHT SYSTEM to
attract new workers
1. Usually about 50 acres
2. Took the land from the Indians
3. Hindered DEMOCRACY – rich got richer, those coming over from
Europe deeded the land over to the person paying the passage
F. House of Burgesses, 1619, white males who owned property could vote
G. Slavery – introduced to the colonies in 1619
A. Puritanism movement of English Calvinists Protestants
1. Purify the church of Roman Catholic practitioners
2. a Puritan group called Separatists left Holland for America
A. Mayflower Ship/Mayflower Compact B. Called Pilgrims
C. Mayflower Compact “body politic” – basic legal system for the colony
B. Massachusetts Bay Congregationalists
1. Great Puritan Migration – purify the Anglican church from within
2. JOHN WINTHROP – Puritan ideals – urging the colonist to be a
“city upon a hill” – a model for all others to look up to
3. Strict “Calvinist” – “Protestant work ethic”
C. Roger Williams – minister in Salem
1. Church and state should be SEPARATE
2. Free exercise of Religion in Rhode Island - founded by Williams
D. Anne Hutchinson – advocated ANTINOMIANISM – Faith in God's Grace is
enough to get to heaven no matter what ever else you do on earth
E. Fundamental Orders of Connecticut – The FIRST WRITTEN CONSTITUTION
in British North America
F. Maryland – founded by LORD BALTIMORE as a haven (safe place) for
Catholics who had faced religious persecution from Protestant England
Movement by those who wished to reform the Church of England to be more in line
with their ideology
Puritans were CALVINIST in their religious beliefs; they believed in predestination
and in the authority of Scripture over papal authority
Though King Henry VIII had set out to separate from papal authority in favor of his
own Church of England, many Roman Catholic traditions and practices remained
Puritans rejected these Roman Catholic holdovers because of their Calvinist
ideology’ they sought to make the English Church “pure”
Puritanism would echo throughout American culture in the ideas of self-reliance,
moral fortitude, and an emphasis on intellectualism
A. The Years before the French & Indian War (Seven Years War)
1. Salutary or benign neglect
2. Because of the distance from England,
colonies were self-governed
3. The beginning of American culture took root,
as opposed to transplanted English culture
4. Came to a close at the end of French and Indian War
M A J O R E V E N T S OF THE P E R I O D
B. Bacon’s Rebellion
Nathaniel Bacon along with former INDENTURED SERVANTS & FREE BLACKS
objected to the rights granted Virginia’s wealthy inner circle and was angered by
Governor Berkeley’s inability to protect Virginia from attacks by the Native
Americans. Bacon commanded two unauthorized raids on Indian tribes,
increasing his popularity; Berkeley had him arrested with British military, Berkeley
ended the rebellion. After Bacon’s rebellion, American colonies turned
increasingly away from indentured servants & toward slave labor
M A J O R E V E N T S OF THE P E R I O D
C. King Philip’s War - New England colonial expansion led to the bloodiest EnglishNative American conflict of the time. Led by Metacomet (also known in England
as King Philip) he formed an alliance with other local tribes and attacked the
colonist. When Metacomet died, it marked the end of a formidable Native
American presence among the New England colonists.
D. Stono Uprising – 1739 was one of the first and most successful slave
rebellions in the New World. About 20 slaves in South Carolina used stolen guns
to kill plantation owners and liberate other slaves. Now numbering 100,the group
fled toward Spanish Florida but was captured by the colonial militia. After the
uprising, many colonies passed more restrictive laws governing the
behavior of slaves. Sometimes called the CATA Rebellion.
E. Salem Witch Trials – Several young girls in Salem Village claimed to be
tormented by the occult activities of certain neighbors. About 20 people were
executed. Puritan ministers finally intervened to stop the executions.
F. Halfway Covenant – with so many, particularly men losing interest in the church,
the Puritan clergy decided to baptize all children whose parents were baptized.
However – here is the “halfway” part – those who had not experienced GOD’s
grace were not allowed to vote
M A J O R E V E N T S OF THE P E R I O D
G. Great Awakening – a wave of religious revivalism
1, Jonathan Edwards – severe, predeterministics doctrines,
graphic descriptions of hell
2. George Whitefield – Christianity based on emotionalism & spirituality
H. Enlightenment – rationalism over emotionalism or spirituality
1. Self-made, self educated Ben Franklin
2. Poor Richard’s Almanac made him rich by age 42
3. negotiated the peace that ended the American Revolution
I.
Colonists (over 90%) lived in “rural ” areas
1. Charter Colony – colonists were members of a corporation and based on an
agreed upon charter, electors among the colonists would control the
government
2. Royal Colony – had a governor selected by England’s king; he would serve in
the leadership role and choose additional, lesser officers
3. Proprietary Colonies – were owned by an individual with direct responsibility to
the king; the proprietor selected a governor, who served as the authority
figure for the property
M A J O R E V E N T S OF THE P E R I O D
J. New England Colonies – centered on trade….subsistence farming
K. Middle Colonies – more fertile land
1. Farming “bread” colonies – grain
2. Heterogeneous population
L. Southern Colonies – Cash crops
1. tobacco
2. rice
3. slavery in the plantations
a. majority of South – subsistence farms with no slaves
b. blacks = ½ population of the South until the end of the French & Indian War
M. The British cared little how the colonies lived so long as the colonies remained a
productive economic asset through…producing Raw materials for England
1. Mercantilism – Navigation Acts – buy and sell goods only through England
2. England Control of Hard money (currency) and gold coins
3. Trade Balance to support England – Export more than you Import
A. Albany Plan of Union – Ben Franklin
1. Collecting taxes for colonies defense
2. Plan failed because the colonies did not want to lose control of their right to tax
themselves, nor have to unite under a single national colonial government
3. “Join
or Die”
B. The Seven Years War – result of Colonial Expansion
1. Lasted 9 years (1754-1763)
2. French & Indians vs British and Colonist
3. First World War
4. England undisputed Colonial POWER in the NORTH AMERICAN continent
5. 1st sentiments of anti-British sentiment arose
C. Proclamation Act of 1763 – forbids settlement west of the Appalachian mountains.
1. 1763 marks the end of SALUTARY neglect by England, 1st of many restrictions imposed on the colonist by the British.
2. Because of the war, the British government had a huge debt.
D. Sugar Act 1774 – new regulation & taxes on
the colonies aimed at deterring (stopping)
molasses smugglers.
E. Currency Act – forbade the colonies to
make and issue paper money
F. Stamp Act 1765 – covered all legal
documents and licenses aimed at lawyers
and a tax on goods produced within the
colonies. Brought about, “No Taxation without
Representation,” specifically aimed at raising
revenue for England
STAMP ACT Congress – Delegates of 7 colonies
met in New York to discuss plans for defense. Adopted
the Declaration of Rights & Grievances
G. Virtual Representation – members of Parliament represented “ALL” British subjects
whether in England or thousand miles away in America.
H. Sons of Liberty – protest group led by Samuel Adams
I. Declaratory Act – British governments right to tax and legislate in all cases
anywhere in the colonies
J.
Townshend Act – Antagonistic measures against the colonist
1. Taxed goods imported from Britain
2. Created vice-admiralty courts and new government officers
3. Tax collected to pay tax collectors
4. Writ of assistance – gave British the power to search any place they suspected
Colonists of hiding smuggled goods
K. Quartering Act – made the colonists responsible for the cost of feeding and housing
the British soldiers
L. Boston Massacre – a mob pelted a group of soldiers with rock-filled snowballs
M. Committees of Correspondence – the colonist setup groups throughout the
colonies to trade ideas and inform each other of the political “mood”, you call it tweeter!
N. East India TEA Company – monopoly (though cheaper) on the TEA trade to the
Colonies
1. Even though it was cheaper – Colonies did not like Parliament (from across
the POND) to tell them who to buy tea from
O. Boston TEA Party – Sons of Liberty disguised as Mohawk Indians dumped a ship
load of tea into the Boston harbor in protest to the East India Tea monopoly
P. Coercive Acts/ Intolerable Acts – English response to the Boston Tea Party
1. Closed the Boston harbor till the tea was paid for by the Colonist
2. Tighter control of the British controlled courts
3. Stricter Quartering Act – soldiers have the use of civilian homes
Q. Quebec Act
1. greater liberties (freedom) to Catholics whom the Protestants distrusted &
disliked
2. Extended the boundaries of the QUEBEC Territory – impeding westward
expansion for the colonist
R. First Continental Congress – 1774 formed to:
1. Address grievances against England
2. Formulate colonial position btwn the Royal (British) Government and the
colonial governments
3. “Revolution was on the minds & heads of the people”…….John Adams
S. “Minutemen” – farmers, businessmen, anybody – ready to fight in a minute notice
T. Battle of Lexington & Concord – “the shot heard round the world ” The British
“redcoats” had killed 18 minutemen
U. Loyalist – Loyal to the CROWN (England) and King George III
1. Groups who traded with England & ethnic minorities who feared persecution
from the colonists (usually older colonist with “something” to lose
2. Slave insurrections – many rebelled thinking “freedom” was strengthened with
the British winning
V. Second Continental Congress
1. Established the Continental Army
2. Chose George Washington as General and Commander-in-Chief
W. Olive Branch Petition 7/5/1775 – last ditch attempt after the Battle of Bunker Hill
(actually Breed’s Hill) to avoid war with GREAT BRITAIN (England)
1. Rejected by King George III
2. Proposed one year before the Declaration of Independence
X. Common Sense – January 1776 by Thomas Paine
1. Advocated colonial independence
2. Benefits of republicanism (democracy) over a monarchy (king)
Y. Declaration of Independence 7.4.76
1. Written by Thomas Jefferson
2. Listed the grievances against the British Crown
3. Pertained only to white people – men – not African American men or women or
any other minority
4. Has never been the USA’s Government…..is just what it is….. a
DECLARATION to the the WORLD of the Colonist proclamation of
independence from England
5. Articulates Individual will and liberty and not to submit to “GENERAL WILL” of
the king and to protect your individual rights
Z. Franco – American Alliance – negotiated by Ben Franklin in 1778. Brought the
French into the war after the Battle of Saratoga (considered the turning
point of the American Revolution)
AA. Yorktown – British (General Cornwallis) surrenders at Yorktown in 1781.
BB. Treaty of Paris 1783 – USA independence and North American territorial rights
A.
Articles of Confederation – established in 1777 by the Continental Congress –
OUR 1st national Constitution
1. Little to no CENTRAL (FEDERAL) Government – only negotiate treaties
2. No power to tax or regulate trade – under the King, excessive taxation often
led to violence by the colonists
3. More concerned with prohibiting the government from gaining too much power
than empowering it to function effectively
B. Shay’s Rebellion – farmers protested a number of unfair economic and political
polices
1. Revealed lingering resentment on the part of the back-country farmers toward
the coastal elite
2. The wealthy elite felt uneasy….because they were almost powerless to stop
such rebellions
C. Northwest Ordinance of 1787 – the GREATEAST Achievement of the Articles
Confederation
1. Sale of government land to settlers – dirt cheap
2. Forerunner to the Bill of Rights (protect us from our government)
A.
New Jersey Plan - equal representation from each state
(small state plan)
A.
Virginia Plan – representation based on population
(large state plan)
B.
Great Compromise – BICAMERAL LEGISLATURE
House of Representatives based on population
Senate – equal representation per state (2)
D.
Anti Federalist – wanted a Bill of Rights
E.
Federalist – in support of the Constitution
F.
Federalist Papers – by James Madison, Alexander Hamilton & John Jay, written
in support of the US Constitution, established 1787
G. Bill of Rights – added in 1791, The First Ten Amendments to the Constitution,
protect us from our government, one of the few nations in
the world that has that protection
A.
Unanimously chosen as President by the ELECTORAL COLLEGE
B.
Established a “CABINET”; Heads of various Executive departments
1. Thomas Jefferson – Secretary of State
2. Alexander Hamilton – Secretary of Treasury
C. Hamilton – supported a strong central government – weaker state governments
D. Jefferson – weaker federal (central) government
1. All other powers “reserved” to the states
2. Jefferson, “Republicanism” is the basis for the beliefs of the MODERN –DAY
TEA party supporters
E. Hamilton – national bank to regulate & strengthen the USA economy
1. Strict constructionists – only use those powers “necessary & proper” to the
execution of its ENUMERATED POWERS, Jefferson indicated that
establishing a bank is not among the enumerated powers of the Constitution
2. Hamilton – Implied power broad (loose) constructionist position of interpreting
the constitution. Creating a US Bank was an implied power
E. Hamilton – national bank to regulate & strengthen the USA economy
1. Strict constructionists – only use those powers “necessary & proper” to the
execution of its ENUMERATED POWERS, Jefferson indicated that
establishing a bank is not among the enumerated powers of the
Constitution
2. Hamilton – Implied power broad (loose) constructionist position of interpreting
the constitution. Creating a US Bank was an implied power
A. Federal Govt. assume the states debt & pay for the American Revolution
B. In 1800, Capital moved to Washington, D.C.
F. Neutrality Proclamation by Washington …..issued by Washington during the French
Revolution, and battles btwn France & England
G. Whiskey Rebellion – Western Pennsylvania farmers resisted an excise tax on
whiskey to help pay for the Revolution…..Once again demonstrated the class
tension btwn inland farmers and coastal elite.
H. FAREWELL ADDRESS – steer clear of PERMANENT ALLIANCES with any
portion of the FOREIGN WORLD…….NEUTRALITY/ISOLATIONISM policy
of the USA till about 1890…..also do not form political parties…..USA did not pay
attention to that bit of advice from Washington
A.
XYZ AFFAIR –President Adams sent diplomats to Paris to negotiate a settlement
after France began seizing American ships on the Atlantic Ocean. French
officials demanded a huge bribe before they would allow negotiation with
American negotiators. Adams ensured a written report of the incident was
published in American newspapers and it turned American public opinion against
the French. Eventually ADAMS kept America out of war with France through a
negotiated settlement
B.
Alien & Sedition Acts – expel foreigners and jail newspaper editors for scandalous
and malicious writing against the government
1.
Was a violation of the 1st Amendment
2.
Aimed at new immigrants, especially French immigrants
. . . . . .. Was a political jab at the Democratic-Republicans
A.
B.
1st transfer of power from one political party to another
1.
From Federalists to the Democratic – Republicans
2.
Known as the “bloodless revolution” Jefferson assumes the Presidency
Louisiana Purchase – doubled the size of the USA, gave the USA complete
control of the Mississippi River…. Important for future TRADE
A.
WAR HAWKS wanted war with England because of IMPRESSMENT (capturing
American sailors and making them serve in their Navy)
B.
War Hawks led by Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun
C.
Led to War of 1812
1. Henry Clay – west
2. John Calhoun – south
3. East – New England states against the WAR – pro British because of TRADE
D.
America was ill-prepared for the war
E.
British captured WASHINGTON D. C. – burned the presidential mansion
(re-built & renamed the White House)
F.
Federalist who opposed the war met in Hartford Connecticut to overhaul the
constitution…but war ended at about the same time – the federalist were
considered traitors
G. American manufacturing – since trade was cut with England – American business
thrived-----spurred American manufacturing
H.
National Road – improvements to INTERSTATE roads….. Maryland to Ohio
I.
Madison worked to promote USA growth, known as the American System
Which of the following religions had the most influence upon the daily
life of the colonists of the 17th century (1600’s)?
A.
The Catholics of Maryland
B.
The Baptists in the Carolinas
C.
The Anglicans in Virginia
D.
The Puritans in Massachusetts
E.
The Baptists in Rhode Island
The “WAR HAWKS” in the period leading up to the War of
1812 garnered most of their support from
A.
The Middle Atlantic states
B.
New England
C.
Urban areas
D.
the South and West
E.
the Northwest Territories
Which of the following documents encouraged church
membership in the Massachusetts Bay Colony?
A.
The Mayflower Compact
B.
The Fundamental Orders
C.
The Fundamental Constitution
D.
The Cambridge Agreement
E.
The Halfway Covenant Agreement
In his Farewell Address, George Washington warned against
A.
foreign entanglements and the formation of political parties
B.
government reliance on excise taxes
C.
deficit spending by the government
D.
excessive use of Executive power
E.
protests by western farmers over excise taxes
Which of the following was a result of the Albany Congress?
A.
The colonies began to unite and take actions against the British.
B.
The Iroquois Nation signed a peace agreement with the Colonies.
C.
The Iroquois remained neutral and the colonists rejected Franklin’s
plan of unity.
D.
Franklin was able to convince the colonists and the British of his plan for
a united defense against France.
E.
Franklin convinced the Huron and Iroquois tribes to settle their
differences.
All of the following are associated with “loose constructionism” during
the early years of the United States of America EXCEPT
A.
restrictions of federal legislative powers
B.
federal government assumption of state debts
C.
the Federalists
D.
Hamilton’s Bank
E.
the “Elastic Clause”
The carton to the right served as
A.
Thomas Paine’s warning against political
repression
B.
Ben Franklin’s exhortation to the
colonies to unite against the French
C.
Ben Franklin’s exhortation to the colonies to unite against British authority
D.
the Committee of Correspondence’s warning of impending attack against the
colonies.
E.
the slogan of the Sons of Liberty after the Boston Tea Party
During the Revolutionary War, the revolutionary cause was bolstered by
all of the following EXCEPT
A.
the strength of colonial currency
B.
French assistance
C.
the use of foreign military recruits
D.
the rebels’ commitment to their cause
E.
solid military leadership
The most notable achievement of the United States under the
ARTICLES of CONFEDERATION was
A.
the establishment of simple majority rule in the legislature to establish
national policy
B.
the creation of a strong executive office to lead the national government
C.
the empowerment of Congress to collect taxes
D.
the empowerment of Congress to regulate commerce (trade)
E.
the provision for land sales in the Northwest that would benefit the entire
nation
To which event do the following
words of Ralph Waldo Emerson
refer?
A.
The Boston Tea Party
B.
The Boston Massacre
C.
The firing on Ft. Sumter
D. The Whiskey rebellion
E. The battle of Lexington and Concord
Which best describes the role of LOYALISTS during the American
Revolution?
A.
They made up approximately 20-30 percent of the population.
B.
They had their largest following in New England, where the benefits of
the mercantilists system were most visible.
C.
They were few in number and had little, if any impact or significance.
D.
Many of them were formerly indentured servants who felt
obliged/obligated to the Crown.
E.
Most of them came from the royal colony of Virginia and felt loyal to the
CROWN of England – King George III.
The success of the Constitutional Convention of 1787 hinged on
compromise over which of the following issues?
A.
Universal manhood suffrage
B.
Slavery and representation in Congress
C.
Taxation and term limits
D.
The number of branches of government to be formed
E.
Voting rights for women
Which of the following acts of British government in the period
preceding (before) the Revolutionary War provoked the most outrage
(anger) among the colonists?
A.
The passage of the Boston Port Act
B.
The passage of the Quebec Act
C.
Parliament’s defense of “virtual representation”
D.
The monopoly given to the British east India Company on Tea
E.
The passage of the Molasses Act
In 1775, the Second Continental Congress
A.
decided to cut all ties with Britain
B.
revised the colonial plan for military preparedness
C.
voted to work out a plan for self-rule
D.
adopted the “Olive Branch Petition,” declaring Colonial loyalty to the
Crown
E.
began to draft the Articles of Confederation
Which of the following events that took place in the years preceding the
American Revolution represented the most significant action on the part
of the colonists against British authority?
A.
Bacon’s Rebellion
B.
The Whiskey Rebellion
C.
The Stamp Act Congress
D.
The Albany Congress
E.
Pontiac’s Rebellion
Which of the following statements concerning the FEDERALISTS
PAPERS is true?
A.
They were written as propaganda to support the ratification of the
Constitution.
B.
They outlined the dangers of “Republicanism” in a new nation.
C.
Jefferson, Hamilton and Madison drafted them.
D.
They contained essays that both defended and criticized the Constitution.
E.
They were banned in the New York Newspapers.
All of the following were manifestations of MERCANTILISTS Theory
EXCEPT
A.
the triangular trade
B.
the plantation Economy
C.
Admiralty Courts
D.
the Navigation Acts
E.
virtual representation
All of the following characterized the Jefferson administration EXEPT
which of the following statements?
A.
It reduced the size of the USA navy in order to reduce taxes.
B.
It repealed the Federalist-sponsored Judiciary Act of 1801.
C.
It replaced most of the Federalist programs with programs of its own.
D.
Except for the excise tax, it retained the Federalist programs for funding
the national debt.
E.
It enacted new naturalization laws, reducing the required length of
residence to five years.
In 1798, President John Adams
delivered the following message
to Congress:
What event inspired this
comment?
A.
Jay’s Treaty
B.
XYZ Affair
C.
The Citizen Genet Affair
D.
The Hartford Convention
E.
The Pinckney (Transcontinental) Treaty
1st Paragraph Introduction of Topic
THESIS STATEMENT
sentence of the 1st paragraph)
2ND Paragraph Support of 1st item in your
Thesis Statement
3rd Paragraph Support of 2nd item in your
Thesis Statement
1st
Freedom of speech, religion, press, assembly, petition
2nd
Right to bear arms
4th
no illegal search and seizure
5th
Due Process, no self-incrimination, no Double
Jeopardy, Grand Jury
7th
Trial by Jury
(last
13th Declared slavery illegal in the USA
14th Gave citizenship to slaves & “DUE PROCESS”
15th Slaves/citizens the right to vote – over 21 males only
16th Creates the Federal Income TAX
4th Paragraph
Support of 3rd item in your
Thesis Statement
17th Direct election of Senators – by us the voters
18th Started PROHIBITION (illegal to drink)
5th Paragraph Conclusion
Summarize your ideas
19th
Provides women the right to vote (suffrage)
Last paragraph – re-state your
20th Term of President & VP to end on Jan. 20th every 4 years
THESIS STATEMENT
21st
Ends PROHIBITION (Liquor is legal now)
24th
Eliminated POLL TAX as requirement to vote
and how/ why you
proved/supported it.
26th
Extends the right to vote to 18 yr. olds