Chapter 2
Cells
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rxq0Kqw327s
bill nye cell video 23 min
Standards to master: Chapter2



Standard #1: Cell Theory
(7.S.3.3.2)

Know men who contributed to cell theory

Define the cell theory
Standard #2: Microscope
(7.S.3.3.1)

Types of microscopes used

Know how to use microscope on a basic level
Standard #3: Cell Parts & Function
(7.S.3.3.1) (7.S.1.1.3) (7.S.1.2.3) (7.S.1.6.2) (7.S.1.6.3

Identify and name cell organelles

Know function of cell organelles

Compare and contrast plant and animal cell
)
Vocabulary Words to Know:

Cells

Endoplasmic reticulum

Cell membrane

Golgi body

Cytoplasm

vacuole

Cell wall

Tissue

Organelle

Organ

Nucleus

Prokaryotic

Chloroplasts

Eukaryotic

Mitochondria

Cell theory

ribosome

Host cell
Microscopes:

Compound light microscope
is what we use in school.

Makes objects bigger using lenses
and light.

Magnifies up to 1000x – 2000x

Can view living things

Electron microscopes are used
when objects are too small to be
seen with compound light
microscope
Cell Theory:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4OpBylwH9DU
Scientists
who contributed
to
Cell Theory:
Scientists & the CELL THEORY:
Scientist
Year
What did he contribute?
1600’s
1st microscope invented
Robert Hooke
1665
Discovered cellular composition of cork
Created the word “cell”
Anton
Leeuwenhoek
1674
Improved microscopes
Discovered “Animalcules” (microorganisms under microscope)
Discovered Bacteria sample in mouth
Matthias
Schleiden
1838
Discovered plants made up of cells
Co-founder of cell theory
Theodor
Schwann
1839
Discovered animals were made up of cells
Co-founder of cell theory
Rudolph
Virchow
1855
Stated all living things come from other living things
Robert Hook:
1665 (British)

Originator of the word
“cell”

Study thin slice of cork

In the cork he saw cell
wall (plant cell)
Antony van Leeuwenhoek:
1673 (Dutchman)

Father of Microbiology

Improve microscope

Discovered
“Animalcules” which are
microorganisms under
the microscope
Matthias Schleiden:
1838 (German)



Study plant with
microscopes
Discovered plants
made of cells.
Co-founder of modern
cell theory (cell basic
unit of living things)
Theodor Schwann:
1839 (German)

Co-founder of cell theory

Discovered animals
are made of cells
Rudolf Virchow:
1858 (German)

“Every cell originates
from an existing cell”

Application of the cell
theory to explain the
effects of disease in
the cell.
Cell structure:

Common cell traits:
1)
Cell smallest unit
capable of performing
life function
2)
All cells have cell
membrane & cytoplasm
3)
Cells come in many
sizes & shapes (tell
function)
From cell to organism:

Tissue: group of similar cells working together to do 1 job

Organ: structure made of 2 or more different types of tissues that
work together to do job.

Organ system: Group of organs working together to perform certain
function.
2 Categories of Cells:
1) Prokaryotes:

Cells without Nucleus

Unicellular organisms

No internal membrane
bound structures


Single chromosome (DNA)
called nucleoid
Example = E. coli Bacteria
2) Eukaryotes:




Cells with Nucleus
Unicellular or
multicellular
Have many kinds of
tissue made up of
different cell types
Example: Plant &
Animal & Protists
Difference between plant and Animal cells:
Plant
Cell
Animal
Cell
Cell wall
No cell wall
Chloroplast
(chlorophyll)
No chloroplast
(chlorophyll)
Vacuole bigger
Vacuole smaller
Cell Parts
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-zafJKbMPA8
cell organelle rap song
Cell Wall:

This ridged structure made of
cellulose surrounds a plant
cell membrane & supports
and protects it.

Like a door lets some things
in & out and not others
Cell Membrane:

A selectively permeable outer boundary of the
cell that controls what enters and leaves.

protective layer around ALL cells

Inside cell wall (if cell has one)
Cytoplasm:

Gel-like substance inside the cell membrane.

Most cell life processes happen here
Organelles:

In cytoplasm Structures in cell that carry out specific jobs.

Like the machines in a factory
Nucleus:

Directs all cell activities

The brains of cell

Contains instructions (DNA)
for everything cell does
Chromosomes:
 Strands
of DNA found in the nucleus.
 Blueprint
or instructions for what
product cell is producing
RNA:

Foreman or Boss carries out
instructions on blueprints.
Chloroplast:

It’s job is to trap
sunlight &
change it into
sugar.

Only in plant
cells
Mitochondria:
 The
 It’s
Power House of the cell.
job is to break down food
molecules and release energy.
Ribosomes:

It’s job is to make protein.

Worker bees of cell
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER):

It’s job is to move materials
around WITHIN the cell.

Series of folded membranes

2 types of ER:
1)
Rough ER: has ribosomes
attached
2)
Smooth ER: no
ribosomes attached
Golgi Body (Apparatus):

It’s job is to package and move protein to the
OUTSIDE of the cell.

Stacked flat membrane
Vesicles:
 The
Package protein
is in
 small,
membranebound spheres whose
contents are isolated
from the surrounding
cytoplasm
Vacuoles:

Storage area in cell for water
and food.

Plant cell vacuole much larger
than animal.
Lysosome:

This organelle contains chemicals to digest cell waste and
worn out cell parts.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fKEaTt9heNM
6 minute animation of cell and organelles
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g4L_Q
O4WKtM
Guy talking cell as factory very good