SFC
Chapter 2 Tour: Salon Ecology
1
Microbiology
Pages 47-51
 Recognize the structure and function of bacteria and viruses
by their types, classifications, growth and reproduction
patterns and relationship to the spread of infection
2
Infection Control
Pages 52-59
 Identify the procedures and precautions for the infection
control procedures used in schools and salons
3
First Aid
Pages 60-62
 List simple safety and first-aid applications for minor
burns, cuts, choking, eye injury and fainting procedures
Salon Ecology
1
Microbiology
Bacteria
Viruses
Growth of
Bacteria
Infection
External
Parasites
Immunity
Chapter 2.1
Salon Ecology
Microbiology
Microbiology
A
B
Does photo A or B illustrate a healthy, infection-free,
safe environment?
Chapter 2.1
Salon Ecology
Microbiology
Microbiology
A
Photo A displays a healthy, infection-free, safe environment.
Chapter 2.1
Salon Ecology
Microbiology
Microbiology
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optoeinnahgnc
arpyespohts
ahgncptoei
ccioc
tetccisrpooc
tpyoocsahlcci
ailbcli
ilccidpooc
prlasiil
bodonlobre
ptoesahgn
microbiology
Key Term
Jumble
nonpathogenic
saprophytes
pathogenic
cocci
streptococci
staphylococci
bacilla
diplococci
spirilla
Click on the KEY to
bloodborne
rearrange the letters
pathogens
of each key term
Microbiology
The study of small organisms
+
+
micro (small)
bio (living)
ology (study)
microbiology
A basic
knowledge
of microbiology
is important in
Why
is the study
of microbiology
preventing
the spread
disease through proper
important
to aofcosmetologist?
disinfection within the salon.
Chapter 2.1
Salon Ecology
Microbiology
Bacteria
Generally classified as two types:
Nonpathogenic
Pathogenic
Bacteria that do not
produce disease
Bacteria that do
produce disease
Chapter 2.1
Salon Ecology
Microbiology
Bacteria
Nonpathogenic
•
•
•
•
•
Harmless
Can be beneficial
Many live on
surface of skin
Saprophytes live
on dead matter
70% of all bacteria
Pathogenic
•
Cause infection
and disease
•
•
•
•
Distinct shapes
Some produce toxins
Spread easily
Live everywhere
Chapter 2.1
Salon Ecology
Microbiology
Bacteria
Pathogenic Bacteria
1.
Cocci
Round
Staphylococci Bunches
Streptococci
Diplococci
Appear in groups
or singularly
Found in boils
Pus-forming
Long chains Cause strep throat
Pus-forming
Pairs
Cause pneumonia
2.
Bacilli
Rod
Most common form
of bacterial cells
3.
Spirilla
Spiral
Causes syphilis,
lyme disease,
cholera
Chapter 2.1
Salon Ecology
Microbiology
Bacteria
Beyond the Book
Bacteria are among the earliest forms of
life that appeared on Earth billions of
years ago.
Scientists think bacteria helped
shape and change Earth’s
environment.
The atmospheric oxygen created by the
bacteria enabled other, more complex life SFC
forms to develop.
http://www.microbe.org
Growth of Bacteria
Growth Cycle
Active Stage
Inactive Stage
•
•
Reproduce and
grow rapidly
• Require dark, damp,
• Form spores not harmed
dirty places with food
•
Divide into two new
cells (mitosis)
No growth occurs when
conditions are unfavorable
by disinfectants, cold
or heat
•
Become active when
conditions are favorable
Chapter 2.1
Salon Ecology
Microbiology
Growth of Bacteria
Movement of Bacteria
Bacilli and spirilla use flagella
(cilia) to propel themselves
Chapter 2.1
Salon Ecology
Microbiology
Growth of Bacteria
Beyond the Book
Some bacteria with flagella can move 5060 times the length of their body per
second.
If a 6 foot tall person could move that fast,
they would be running about 100 meters
per second.
That is 9 times faster than the world record!
SFC
Viruses
•
Sub-microscopic particles; much smaller
than bacteria
•
Cause familiar diseases like the common
cold, measles, hepatitis, HIV
Chapter 2.1
Salon Ecology
Microbiology
Viruses
Human Hepatitis B (HBV)
•
•
•
Highly infectious disease that infects the liver
Vaccine-preventable disease
Personal service workers are often asked to
be vaccinated
Chapter 2.1
Salon Ecology
Microbiology
Viruses
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
•
•
•
Caused by HIV
Affects the body’s natural immune system
Spreads by body fluids entering blood
stream of uninfected individual
Chapter 2.1
Salon Ecology
Microbiology
Viruses
Beyond the Book
Chickenpox is a disease caused by the
varicella zoster virus.
Since the introduction of the chickenpox
vaccine, cases of chickenpox in children
have decreased almost 70-90%.
SFC
External Parasites
Organisms that live on or obtain nutrients
from another organism
• Parasitic fungi (molds and yeasts)
– Produce contagious diseases such as
ringworm, honeycomb ringworm and
nail fungus
– Produce noncontagious conditions such as
dandruff and seborrheic dermatitis
• Parasitic mites (insects)
– Produce contagious diseases such as itch
mites and head lice
Chapter 2.1
Salon Ecology
Microbiology
External Parasites
Professionals prevent the
spread of contagions
(fungi, bacteria and mites)
through proper
disinfection procedures
Chapter 2.1
Salon Ecology
Microbiology
External Parasites
Head Lice
• Transmitted directly from one person to
another or by contact with articles
that have come in contact with an
infested person
•
Accompanied by head scratching,
redness or small bite marks on the scalp
•
Controlled by pediculicide shampoo
Chapter 2.1
Salon Ecology
Microbiology
External Parasites
Beyond the Book
Dandruff is a chronic
scalp condition that affects about
50% of the world’s population.
- P&G Beauty
SFC
Infection
Occurs when disease-producing (pathogenic) bacteria or
viruses enter the body and multiply to the point of
interfering with the body’s normal state.
• Contagious or communicable disease
– Can be transmitted from person to person
through touch or through the air
Ahhh
chooo!
Bloodborne pathogens are disease-causing
bacteria or viruses that are carried through
blood or body fluids
Chapter 2.1
Salon Ecology
Microbiology
Infection
Common ways of spreading infection in
the salon:
•
•
•
•
•
•
Open sores
Unclean hands and implements
Coughing or sneezing
Common use of drinking cups and towels
Use of same implements on infected areas
and noninfected areas
Unsanitary salon conditions
Chapter 2.1
Salon Ecology
Microbiology
Infection
Local
• Small, confined area
• Pus-filled boil, pimple or inflamed area
General
• All parts of the body (systemic)
• Circulatory system carries bacteria and toxins
Chapter 2.1
Salon Ecology
Microbiology
Infection
Asymptomatic Carrier
•
Carries disease but shows NO SYMPTOMS
Chapter 2.1
Salon Ecology
Microbiology
Infection
Beyond the Book
Studies
have
shown
that
40%
to
60%
of
In order to be effective, hands should be
people
washeddon't
withwash
soap their
for 20hands
to 25 after
seconds.
using the restroom.
The three keys are
And those
whofriction
do wash
their
hands
soap,
and
water.
often don't know the proper technique.
SFC
http://www.physorg.com
Immunity
Ability of the body to destroy infectious
agents that enter the body
Natural Immunity
•
•
Partially inherited
•
Production of white
blood cells and
antitoxins by body
•
Skin is first line
of defense
Natural resistance
to disease
Passive Immunity
• Acquired immunity
• Injection of antigens
stimulates the body’s
immune response
Chapter 2.1
Salon Ecology
Microbiology
Immunity
Beyond the Book
Yo-yo diets resulting in drastic weight changes
can weaken your immune system.
Depending on the statistics, up to 85% of
individuals who lose a significant amount of
weight will eventually regain it.
To keep the immune system strong, one
should eat healthy and get regular exercise.
SFC
Microbiology Self-Check
What’s your answer?
A. Nonpathogenic
or
B. Pathogenic
• 70% of all bacteria
• Produce disease
• Include saprophytes
• Harmless
A
B
A
A
Chapter 2.1
Salon Ecology
Microbiology
Microbiology Self-Check
Identify the type of pathogenic bacteria
Grow in pairs and can
cause pneumonia
Diplococci
1. _______
Most common form
of bacterial cells
Bacilli
2. _______
Pus-forming cells
that form bunches;
found in boils
4. Staphylococci
________
Spiral-shaped cells that
cause syphilis, cholera
and lyme disease
5. Spirilla
________
Pus-forming cells that
form long chains;
cause strep throat
Streptococci
3. ________
Chapter 2.1
Salon Ecology
Microbiology
Microbiology Self-Check
On a sheet of paper numbered 1-12,
answer the following questions.
What’s your answer?
A. Active Bacteria or B. Inactive Bacteria
1. Grow rapidly
2. Exhibit mitosis
3. Form spores
4. Stop growing
Chapter 2.1
Salon Ecology
Microbiology
Microbiology Self-Check
5. List 3 familiar diseases caused by viruses:
_________
_________
_________
6. Which of the following viruses affects
the liver?
a. HIV
b. cold
c. measles
d. hepatitis B
Chapter 2.1
Salon Ecology
Microbiology
Microbiology Self-Check
7. What organisms live on or obtain their
nutrients from another organism?
a. cocci
b. bacilli
c. measles
d. external parasites
8. Which class of infection is located in a
small, confined area?
a. local
b. general
c. passive
d. systemic
Chapter 2.1
Salon Ecology
Microbiology
Microbiology Self-Check
9. Which type of infection occurs when the
circulatory system carries bacteria and
toxins to all parts of the body?
__________
10. Using the same infection control
procedures on all clients is known as:
__________
__________
Chapter 2.1
Salon Ecology
Microbiology
Microbiology Self-Check
11. The ability to destroy infectious agents that
enter the body is known as:
__________
12. What are the two types of immunity?
__________
__________
Chapter 2.1
Salon Ecology
Microbiology
Know Chart
As you correct your answers, evaluate your progress. Create a
Know Chart with 2 columns. Place correct answers from the
Self-Check under the “I Know” column. Then place incorrect
answers under the “I Need to Study” column.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
I Know:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
I Need to Study:
Chapter 2.1
Salon Ecology
Microbiology
Microbiology Self-Check
Now check your work.
A. Active Bacteria
or
1. Grow rapidly
2. Exhibit mitosis
3. Form spores
4. Stop growing
B. Inactive Bacteria
A
A
B
B
Chapter 2.1
Salon Ecology
Microbiology
Microbiology Self-Check
5. List 3 familiar diseases caused by viruses:
cold
measles
hepatitis
HIV
6. Which of the following viruses affects
the liver?
a. HIV
b. cold
c. measles
d. hepatitis B
Chapter 2.1
Salon Ecology
Microbiology
Microbiology Self-Check
7. What organisms live on or obtain their
nutrients from another organism?
a. cocci
b. bacilli
c. measles
d. external parasites
8. Which class of infection is located in a
small, confined area?
a. local
b. general
c. passive
d. systemic
Chapter 2.1
Salon Ecology
Microbiology
Microbiology Self-Check
9. Which type of infection occurs when the
circulatory system carries bacteria and
toxins to all parts of the body?
__________
general
10. Using the same infection control
procedures on all clients is known as:
__________
universal
__________
precautions
Chapter 2.1
Salon Ecology
Microbiology
Microbiology Self-Check
11. The ability to destroy infectious agents that
enter the body is known as:
__________
immunity
12. What are the two types of immunity?
__________
natural
__________
passive
Chapter 2.1
Salon Ecology
Microbiology
Lessons Learned
Bacteria

 Bacteria are classified into two types:
pathogenic and nonpathogenic

 Forms of pathogenic bacteria include:
cocci, bacilli and spirilla
Chapter 2.1
Salon Ecology
Microbiology
Lessons Learned
Growth of Bacteria

 Bacteria go through two stages, active
and inactive

 During the active stage, bacteria grow
and reproduce using mitosis in which the
cell divides, creating two new cells

 While in the inactive stage, bacteria form
spores which protect the cell
Chapter 2.1
Salon Ecology
Microbiology
Lessons Learned
Viruses

 Viruses are sub-microscopic particles
that cause diseases like the common cold
External Parasites
 Organisms that live on or obtain their

nutrients from another organism
Chapter 2.1
Salon Ecology
Microbiology
Lessons Learned
Infection

 Pathogenic bacteria or viruses cause
infection when they enter the body and
multiply to the point of interfering with the
body’s normal state
 Contagious infection or communicable

disease can be spread from person to
person through touch or through air

 Common means of spreading infection in the
salon include unclean hands and
implements
Chapter 2.1
Salon Ecology
Microbiology
IT’S 2 U!
Draw a picture of each of the
3 types of cocci bacterial cells
Chapter 2.1
Salon Ecology
Microbiology
IT’S 2 U!
Answers
3 forms of cocci bacterial cells
Diplococci
Streptococci
Staphylococci
Chapter 2.1
Salon Ecology
Microbiology
Salon Ecology
2 Infection Control
Sterilization
Sanitation
Disinfection
Infection
Control
Guidelines
Chapter 2.2
Salon Ecology
Infection Control
Infection Control
Connecting with the Web
1. Go online to the Centers for Disease Control
and Prevention website (www.cdc.gov)
2. Browse the website for information on infection
control, sanitation, disinfection and other
information relevant to the cosmetology industry
3. Write down three interesting facts
Chapter 2.2
Salon Ecology
Infection Control
Infection Control
vniainetlot
snttoaiain
OHAS
dsnetoiifcin
MDSS
efccfiay lblaes
atspinietc
seiiaintrlzto
Ifcinneto
cnrloto
ventilation
sanitation
OSHA
disinfection
MSDS
efficacy labels
antiseptic
sterilization
infection
control
Key Term
Jumble
Click on the KEY to
rearrange the letters
of each key term
Infection Control
Infection control is the term used to describe
efforts to prevent the spread of disease and
kill certain or all microbes
Chapter 2.2
Salon Ecology
Infection Control
Sanitation
First level of infection control
• Removes dirt to aid in preventing growth
of microbes
• Cleans and reduces microbes on surface,
but does not kill germs
Antiseptic
• Product that can be applied to
skin to reduce microbes and
prevent their growth
Chapter 2.2
Salon Ecology
Infection Control
Sanitation
Hand Washing
1. Moisten hands with warm water and
antimicrobial liquid soap
2. Spend 15-20 seconds working up a good lather;
pay attention to fingers and fingernails
3. Rinse hands in warm water; position hands
downward so rinse progresses from
wrist to fingertips
4. Dry hands well; use single-use paper towels or
hands-free blow dryers
Chapter 2.2
Salon Ecology
Infection Control
Sanitation
Ventilation
•
Salon should be sufficiently ventilated so
air does not have a stale, musty odor or
contain odor of sprays, bleaches and
various chemical solutions
•
Average room temperature should be
about 70° Fahrenheit (21° Celsius)
Chapter 2.2
Salon Ecology
Infection Control
Beyond the Book
Sanitation
A study reports only 58% of female and
48% of male middle and high school
students washed their hands after using
the bathroom.
Of these, only 33% of the females and
8% of the males used soap.
SFC
http://www.itsasnap.org
Disinfection
Disinfectants
•
Chemical products used to destroy or kill
certain bacteria and some viruses
(except bacterial spores)
•
Very strong and work well on styling
implements; could be harmful to skin
•
Follow manufacturer’s directions and
always wear gloves and safety glasses
when mixing disinfectants
Chapter 2.2
Salon Ecology
Infection Control
Disinfection
•
•
•
•
•
Disinfectant
bactericidals
tuberculocidals
fungicidals
virucidals
pseudomonacidals
Kill
harmful bacteria
tuberculosis
fungus
viruses
pseudomonas
Broad-spectrum disinfectants kill
bacteria, viruses, fungi and
pseudomonas
Chapter 2.2
Salon Ecology
Infection Control
Disinfection
OSHA
•
The Occupational Safety and Health
Administration regulating agency under
Department of Labor enforces safety
and health standards in the workplace
– Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)
and labeling of products are two
regulations OSHA has put in place
Chapter 2.2
Salon Ecology
Infection Control
Disinfection
EPA
•
The Environmental Protection Agency
approves efficacy of products used for
infection control
– Efficacy labels state what a product
will destroy or be effective against
Chapter 2.2
Salon Ecology
Infection Control
Disinfection
• 1997 OSHA Bloodborne Pathogens
Standard
– Requires use of disinfectant with efficacy
against HIV and HBV or tuberculocidal on
implements that accidentally come into
contact with blood or body fluids
Alert!
Chapter 2.2
Salon Ecology
Infection Control
Disinfection
Brush or Comb Disinfection Procedures
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Remove hair from brush or comb
Wash thoroughly with soap and water
Rinse thoroughly and pat dry
Immerse completely in disinfecting solution
Remove with forceps, tongs or gloved hands
Store in a disinfected, dry, covered container
or cabinet until needed
Chapter 2.2
Salon Ecology
Infection Control
Disinfection
Disinfection Guidelines and Procedures
• Disinfect combs and brushes after each use
• Change chemical solutions as recommended
by manufacturer
• Disinfect unplugged electrical appliances such
as guards or hair clippers
• Wash, rinse and disinfect by completely
immersing all cosmetology, nail care, esthetic
and electrolysis tools and metal implements
after each use
Chapter 2.2
Salon Ecology
Infection Control
Disinfection
Disinfection Guidelines and Procedures
•
Discard emery boards, cosmetic sponges and
orangewood sticks after each use or give them to the
client
– Implements must be non-porous to be disinfected
•
Store all disinfected tools in a disinfected, dry, covered
container or cabinet
•
Dispose of sharp objects in sealable,
rigid container
•
Label disinfecting products properly
Guiding Principle:
Discard or Disinfect Use clean, disinfected
materials and implements
Chapter 2.2
Salon Ecology
Infection Control
Disinfection
Disinfection Precautions
•
Tightly cover and label all containers; store in
cool dry area
•
Avoid inhaling or spilling chemical solutions;
avoid contact with skin or eyes; wipe up all
spills at once
•
Refer to Material Safety Data Sheet for
proper procedures if contact with eyes or skin
occurs
Chapter 2.2
Salon Ecology
Infection Control
Disinfection
Blood Spill Procedure
If blood spill should occur:
• Stop service, wash and cover hands with protective
gloves
•
Apply antiseptic and/or liquid or spray styptic product
to the injured party
•
•
Dress or cover the injury with appropriate dressing
•
•
•
Clean and disinfect implements and work station
Cover injured area with finger guard or glove
as appropriate
Double-bag all blood-soiled articles
Return to client and continue service
Chapter 2.2
Salon Ecology
Infection Control
Beyond the Book
Disinfection
Each square centimeter of your skin
averages about 100,000 bacteria.
A single teaspoon of dirt contains
more than 1,000,000,000 bacteria.
SFC
1 billion bacteria
http://www.microbe.org
Sterilization
•
•
•
Most effective level of infection control
Sterilization procedures kill or destroy
all microbes
Consult your area’s regulating agency for
standards regarding cosmetology services
and sterilization procedures
Chapter 2.2
Salon Ecology
Infection Control
Beyond the Book
Sterilization
Recent studies have shown that
stomach ulcers may be caused by a
common stomach bacteria, H. pylori.
This bacteria can grow in the lining of
the stomach, produce inflammation and
cause the stomach lining to be more
easily damaged by stomach acid,
especially when under stress.
SFC
www.webmd.com
Infection Control Self-Check
On a sheet of paper numbered 1-9,
answer the following questions.
What’s your answer?
A. Sanitation
or
B. Disinfection
1. Includes use of an antiseptic
2. Does not kill germs
3. Uses very strong chemicals
4. Destroys a broad spectrum of
viruses
Chapter 2.2
Salon Ecology
Infection Control
Infection Control Self-Check
Fill in the blank for the following items
covering infection control guidelines.
Least Killing Power Most
5. Sterilization kills __________ microbes.
6. Bloodborne pathogen disinfection kills __________
and __________.
7. Disinfection kills __________ bacteria.
8. Antiseptic prevents __________ of microbes.
9. Sanitation removes __________.
Chapter 2.2
Salon Ecology
Infection Control
Know Chart
As you correct your answers, evaluate your progress. Create a
Know Chart with 2 columns. Place correct answers from the
Self-Check under the “I Know” column. Then place incorrect
answers under the “I Need to Study” column.
1.
2.
I Know:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
8.
9.
I Need to Study:
Chapter 2.2
Salon Ecology
Infection Control
Infection Control Self-Check
Now check your work.
A. Sanitation
1.
2.
3.
4.
or
B. Disinfection
A
Includes use of an antiseptic
Does not kill germs
A
B
Uses very strong chemicals
B
Destroys a broad spectrum of
viruses
Chapter 2.2
Salon Ecology
Infection Control
Infection Control Self-Check
Least Killing Power Most
all
5. Sterilization kills __________
microbes.
HIV
6. Bloodborne pathogen disinfection kills __________
and __________.
HBV
7. Disinfection kills __________
certain bacteria.
growth of microbes.
8. Antiseptic prevents __________
9. Sanitation removes __________.
dirt
Chapter 2.2
Salon Ecology
Infection Control
Lessons Learned
Infection Control

 Sanitation means to remove dirt to aid in
preventing growth of microbes
Sanitation

 Hand washing should be done with warm
water and antibacterial soap

 Hands should be rinsed in warm water
and dried well

 Hands should be washed immediately
before serving each client to prevent
the spread of microbes
Chapter 2.2
Salon Ecology
Infection Control
Lessons Learned
Disinfection

 Disinfectants destroy or kill bacteria
and some viruses

 Utensils to be disinfected should be
washed thoroughly before being
completely immersed in disinfectant

 Rule: Discard or Disinfect
Chapter 2.2
Salon Ecology
Infection Control
Lessons Learned
Sterilization

 Sterilization is the most effective level of
infection control

 Sterilization procedures kill or destroy all
microbes

 Consult your area’s regulating agency
for standards regarding cosmetology
services and sterilization procedures
Chapter 2.2
Salon Ecology
Infection Control
IT’S 2 U!
Can you find 4 items that do not belong in a
salon setting?
Chapter 2.2
Salon Ecology
Infection Control
IT’S 2 U!
Answers
Answers:
1. puddle of water
2. dog
3. parrot
4. stylist is smoking
Chapter 2.2
Salon Ecology
Infection Control
Salon Ecology
3
First Aid
Bleeding
and
Wounds
Choking
Burns
Eye Injury
Fainting
Chapter 2.3
Salon Ecology
First Aid
First Aid
A client in your salon accidentally cuts
her hand. What would you do
to help in this situation?
Possible Solution
Cover the wound and apply
pressure. Elevate the limb
and when bleeding stops,
apply bandage.
Chapter 2.3
Salon Ecology
First Aid
First Aid
tunqeoriut
tourniquet
oodg
smrtnaaia lwa
good
samaritan law
mtraaeil sftaey
dtaa sethe
material safety
data sheet
admnlboia
trsshut
abdominal
thrusts
Key Term
Jumble
Click on the Key to
rearrange the letters
of each key term
First Aid
Good Samaritan Laws
•
•
•
Encourage people to help others in
emergency situations
Give legal protection to people who provide
emergency care to ill or injured persons
Require that the “good samaritan” use
common sense and a reasonable level of
skill in emergency situations
Chapter 2.3
Salon Ecology
First Aid
Bleeding and Wounds
• Place cloth and gloved hand over wound
• Apply firm pressure for five minutes
• Elevate injured arm or leg above
level of victim’s heart if practical
• When bleeding stops, secure cloth with
bandage—don’t lift cloth to see
if bleeding stopped
• Make sure bandage
is not too tight
Call 9-1-1
if bleeding
is severe!
Never use a
tourniquet unless
you cannot
control the
bleeding!
Chapter 2.3
Salon Ecology
First Aid
Beyond the Book
Bleeding and Wounds
Germs only cause disease, right? But a
common bacterium, E. coli, found in the
intestine helps us digest green vegetables
and beans.
These same bacteria also make Vitamin K,
which causes blood to clot. If we didn’t have
these germs we could bleed to death from a
small cut.
SFC
Burns
Chemical Burns
1. Rinse away all traces of
chemicals and remove
any contaminated
clothing
2. Cover burn loosely with
clean, dry cloth
3. Refer person to
medical personnel
if necessary
Chapter 2.3
Salon Ecology
First Aid
Burns
Heat or Electrical Burns
1. If skin is not broken, immerse
in cool water or gently apply
cool compress
2. Do NOT break blister if one
forms. Do NOT apply
ointments or creams
3. If skin is broken or burn is
severe, call 9-1-1. Do NOT
clean wound. Cover burn
loosely with clean, dry cloth
Chapter 2.3
Salon Ecology
First Aid
Burns
Beyond the Book
First-degree burns - the skin is red, painful and very
sensitive to touch. The damaged skin may be slightly
moist from leakage of the fluid in the deeper layers of
Depending on the depth of tissue
the skin.
damage, burns are classified as first,
Second-degree burns - the damage is deeper and
second, or third degree.
blisters usually appear on the skin. The skin is still
painful and sensitive.
Third-degree burns - the tissues in all layers of the skin
are dead. Usually there are no blisters. The burned
surface can have several types of appearance, from
white to black (charred) or bright red from blood
in the
SFC
bottom of the wound. Because the skin nerves are
damaged, the burn can be quite painless.
www.webmd.com
Choking
Determine if victim can talk or cough
Make a thumbless fist
Perform upward thrust
Chapter 2.3
Salon Ecology
First Aid
Beyond the Book
Choking
These factors increase the risk
of choking:
• Talking while chewing
• Drinking alcohol while eating
• Wearing dentures
SFC
www.mayoclinic.com
Fainting
1. Lay victim down on back and allow
plenty of fresh air
2. Reassure victim and apply cold
compress to face
3. If victim vomits, roll onto side, keep
windpipe clear
Fainting victims regain consciousness
almost immediately. If this doesn’t
happen, the victim could be in
serious danger and you should
call 9-1-1 ASAP.
Chapter 2.3
Salon Ecology
First Aid
Fainting
Beyond the Book
Common triggers of fainting include:
•
•
•
•
Standing for long periods
Dehydration
Coughing
Emotional Distress
SFC
www.mayoclinic.com
Eye Injury
Chemical
• Hold eyelids apart
Cut, Scratch or
Embedded Object
and flush eyeball with
lukewarm water for
15-30 minutes; don’t Get to an eye
specialist or
let runoff flow into
emergency
the other eye
room
• Place gauze pad or immediately!
cloth over both eyes
and secure
with bandage
• Place gauze pad or
cloth over both
eyes and secure
with a bandage
• Do NOT try to
remove an
embedded object
Chapter 2.3
Salon Ecology
First Aid
Beyond the Book
Eye Injury
Each business day, more than 2,000
U.S. workers experience job-related eye
injuries, with 10 to 20 percent of them
disabling because of temporary or
permanent vision loss.
SFC
http://www.allaboutvision.com
First Aid Self-Check
On a sheet of paper numbered 1-6, answer
the following questions.
1. You should use a tourniquet to stop bleeding.
2. Don’t lift cloth to see if bleeding has stopped.
3. Chemical burns should be treated by
scrubbing with soap and hot water.
Chapter 2.3
Salon Ecology
First Aid
First Aid Self-Check
4. To determine if someone is choking, check if
victim can talk or cough.
5. When someone has fainted, reassure the
victim and apply a cold compress to face.
6. If you have an embedded object in your eye,
try to remove it.
Chapter 2.3
Salon Ecology
First Aid
Know Chart
As you correct your answers, evaluate your progress. Create a
Know Chart with 2 columns. Place correct answers from the
Self-Check under the “I Know” column. Then place incorrect
answers under the “I Need to Study” column.
I Know:
I Need to Study:
1.
1.
2.
2.
3.
3.
4.
4.
5.
5.
6.
6.
Chapter 2.3
Salon Ecology
First Aid
First Aid Self-Check
Now check your work. Observe each of the
False statements become True.
1. You should use a tourniquet to
stop bleeding.
Never use a tourniquet unless
you cannot control the bleeding.
Chapter 2.3
Salon Ecology
First Aid
First Aid Self-Check
2. Don’t lift cloth to see if bleeding
has stopped.
Chapter 2.3
Salon Ecology
First Aid
First Aid Self-Check
3. Chemical burns should be treated by
scrubbing with soap and hot water.
Treat chemical burns by rinsing
away all traces of chemicals.
Chapter 2.3
Salon Ecology
First Aid
First Aid Self-Check
4. To determine if someone is choking,
check if victim can talk or cough.
Chapter 2.3
Salon Ecology
First Aid
First Aid Self-Check
5. When someone has fainted,
reassure the victim and apply a
cold compress to face.
Chapter 2.3
Salon Ecology
First Aid
First Aid Self-Check
6.
If you have an embedded object in your eye, try to
remove it.
Do NOT try to remove an embedded object.
Go to an eye specialist or emergency
room immediately.
Chapter 2.3
Salon Ecology
First Aid
Lessons Learned
Bleeding and Wounds

 Place cloth or gauze over wound and
apply pressure

 If bleeding is severe, call 9-1-1

 When bleeding stops, secure cloth
with a bandage

 Never use a tourniquet unless
you cannot control the bleeding
Chapter 2.3
Salon Ecology
First Aid
Lessons Learned
Chemical Burns

 Rinse away chemicals and remove
contaminated clothing from burn

 Cover the burn with clean, dry cloth

 Refer person to medical attention if
necessary
Chapter 2.3
Salon Ecology
First Aid
Lessons Learned
Heat or Electrical Burns
 If skin is not broken, immerse burned area









in cool water or apply a cool compress
Bandage with clean, dry cloth
Don’t break blister if one forms
Don’t apply ointments or creams
Call 9-1-1 if burns are severe
Chapter 2.3
Salon Ecology
First Aid
Lessons Learned
Choking

 Determine if victim can speak or cough
and is getting enough air

 If victim is not getting enough air,
perform abdominal thrusts
Chapter 2.3
Salon Ecology
First Aid
Lessons Learned
Fainting

 Lay victim down on his back and make
sure he has plenty of fresh air

 Reassure victim and apply a cold
compress to face

 If victim vomits, roll him on his side and
keep the windpipe clear
Chapter 2.3
Salon Ecology
First Aid
Lessons Learned
Chemical Eye Injury

 Flush the eyeball with lukewarm water for
15-30 minutes.

 Place a gauze pad or cloth over both eyes
and secure with a bandage

 Get to an eye specialist or emergency
room immediately
Chapter 2.3
Salon Ecology
First Aid
Lessons Learned
Cut, Scratch or Embedded Object Eye Injury

 Place gauze or cloth over both eyes

 Don’t remove embedded object
 Get to an eye specialist or

emergency room immediately
Chapter 2.3
Salon Ecology
First Aid
IT’S 2 U!
Imagine you are in a restaurant and
the person next to you is choking.
You realize the need to take
immediate action because you are
the only one to notice the choking
person. What do you do to help
this person? Write your answers
on a separate piece of paper.
Chapter 2.3
Salon Ecology
First Aid
IT’S 2 U!
Answers
Possible Answer
While making your way to the victim, yell for
someone to call 9-1-1. Determine if the victim
can talk or cough. Wrap your arms around the
victim and perform an upward thrust.
Chapter 2.3
Salon Ecology
First Aid
Salon Ecology Self-Test
On a sheet of paper numbered 1-12, answer the
following questions.
1. Another term that means the same as
germ or bacteria is:
a. lice
b. mite
c. parasite
d. microbe
Chapter 2
Salon Ecology
Salon Ecology Self-Test
2. Which of the following is NOT a type
of bacteria?
a. bacilli
b. spirilla
c. parasite
d. streptococci
Chapter 2
Salon Ecology
Salon Ecology Self-Test
3. As bacteria absorb food, each cell
grows in size and divides, resulting in
how many new cells?
a. two
b. four
c. six
d. eight
Chapter 2
Salon Ecology
Salon Ecology Self-Test
4. Universal precautions require the use
of infection control procedures with
which of the following clients?
a. sick
b. elderly
c. children
d. everyone
Chapter 2
Salon Ecology
Salon Ecology Self-Test
5. Which of the following practices is NOT
considered a level of infection control?
a. sanitation
b. disinfection
c. sterilization
d. bacteriology
Chapter 2
Salon Ecology
Salon Ecology Self-Test
6. The term used to describe efforts to
prevent the spread of disease and kill
certain or all microbes is known as:
a. first aid
b. ventilation
c. contamination
d. infection control
Chapter 2
Salon Ecology
Salon Ecology Self-Test
7. Which of the following descriptions
identifies the type of container NOT
appropriate for the storage of disinfected
implements?
a. dry
b. open
c. covered
d. disinfected
Chapter 2
Salon Ecology
Salon Ecology Self-Test
8. Implements that come in contact with the
client must be:
a. sanitized at the beginning of each day
b. sanitized at the end of each day
c. disinfected on a weekly basis
d. discarded or disinfected after each client
Chapter 2
Salon Ecology
Salon Ecology Self-Test
9. Most states have enacted what steps to
encourage people to help others in
emergency situations?
a. life insurance
b. malpractice insurance
c. Good Samaritan Laws
d. Social Security benefits
Chapter 2
Salon Ecology
Salon Ecology Self-Test
10. Chemical burns should be treated by:
a. applying a tourniquet
b. applying a lotion or cream
c. scrubbing with soap and hot water
d. rinsing away all traces of chemicals
Chapter 2
Salon Ecology
Salon Ecology Self-Test
11. A bleeding wound should be treated by:
a. applying a tourniquet
b. applying pressure with gauze and a
gloved hand
c. applying cold water to the wound
d. applying warm water to the wound
Chapter 2
Salon Ecology
Salon Ecology Self-Test
12. All of the following are steps to be
followed if a victim is choking EXCEPT:
a. determine if victim can speak
b. lay victim on back
c. wrap arms around chest
d. perform abdominal thrusts
Chapter 2
Salon Ecology
Salon Ecology Self-Test
Time to check the self-test.
1. d. microbe
2. c. parasite
3. a. two
4. d. everyone
5. d. bacteriology
6. d. infection control
Chapter 2
Salon Ecology
Salon Ecology Self-Test
Time to check the self-test.
7. b. open
8. d. discarded or disinfected after each client
9. c. Good Samaritan Laws
10. d. rinsing away all traces of chemicals
11. b. applying pressure with gauze and a
gloved hand
12. b. lay victim on back
Chapter 2
Salon Ecology
In conclusion...
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