Carbohydrates/Cellular Respiration Study Guide
Organic Compounds
A-5.e: Explain the difference between organic and inorganic compounds.
1. What is an organic compound? A carbon containing compound
Carbohydrates
A-5.g: Describe the general structure and function of monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides, and carbohydrates.
1. What elements are found in carbohydrates? Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
2. What is the function of carbohydrates? Stores energy, provides structural support
3. Glucose (monosaccharide ) is the main fuel that cells use to do their work.
4. What disease is caused by the inability to remove glucose from the blood? diabetes
5. What hormone is responsible for removing glucose from the blood? insulin
Chemical Formulas
A-5.d: Show how chemical reactions can be represented by chemical formulas.
1. Write the chemical formula for cellular respiration.
C
6
H
12
O
6
+ O
2
 H
2
O + CO
2
+ energy
2. Write the chemical formula for photosynthesis.
H
2
O + CO
2
+ sunlight  C
6
H
12
O
6
+ O
2
3. Compare and contrast the chemical formulas for cellular respiration and photosynthesis.
Photosynthesis and cellular respiration contain the same molecules (glucose, water, oxygen, and carbon dioxide). The reactants of photosynthesis are the products of cellular respiration. The reactants of cellular respiration are the products of photosynthesis.

ATP
A-5.j Explain how cells store energy temporarily in ATP.
1. Cells store energy in ATP. Draw a molecule of ATP and label it.
Energy
2. In the diagram of ATP, label where the energy is temporarily stored in ATP. Between the 2 nd and 3 rd phosphate group
3. When cells need energy they get it from ATP by removing a phosphate group. What new molecule is formed? ADP
B-1.h Identify the cellular sites of and follow through the major pathways of anaerobic and aerobic respiration, compare reactants and products for each process, and account for how aerobic respiration produces more ATP per monosaccharide.
1. What is cellular respiration? The process of breaking down glucose for energy in the presence of oxygen.
2. What are the 3 major phases of cellular respiration? Glycolysis, Krebs Cycle, electron transport chain
3. Define the following:
A. anaerobic: no oxygen
B. aerobic: oxygen
4. What process do cells undergo in anaerobic conditions? fermentation
5. Complete a concept map describing the phases of cellular respiration. Include: the name of the phase, what is used and produce, where it occurs, and whether it is aerobic or anaerobic.
6. What is NAD+? An electron acceptor

7. What does NAD+ become when it accepts electrons? NADH
8. Where does the electron transport chain get the high energy electrons that move down the chain?
NADH and FADH
2
9. What is the energy from the electrons in the ETC used for? to move hydrogen ions from the matrix to the intermembrane space, creating a concentration gradient (so that ATP can be formed)
10. On the back of this paper draw glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain. Show how products from one phase move on to the next. (turn your paper so it is in “landscape” orientation)
11. How many total ATPs are produced during cellular respiration? 36 (38 minus the 2 used in glycolysis)
12. How do NADH and FADH2 contribute to the production of ATP? They provide high energy electrons to the ETC
13. How does oxygen contribute to the production of ATP? It is an electron acceptor. It removes the low energy electrons from the ETC.
14. Why do cells need to undergo fermentation to make energy if glycolysis does not require oxygen?
(What does glycolysis run out of?) glycolysis runs out of NAD+, fermentation converts NADH back to
NAD+
15. How many ATPs can be made in one round of fermentation? 2 (glycolysis makes 2, and fermentation replenishes NAD+ for glycolysis to continue)
16. Why can so many more ATPs be produced in aerobic conditions? Because oxygen accepts the electrons in the electron transport chain, allowing more electrons to move down the ETC, which creates more ATP
17. Complete the following table.
Type of fermentation
Alcoholic fermentation
Where does it take place Chemical equation
Yeast cells Pyruvic acid + NADH  alcohol + CO
2
+ NAD +
Lactic Acid Fermentation Muscle cells, some prokaryotic cells
Pyruvic acid + NADH  lactic acid + NAD +
B-1.i Explain how photosynthetic organisms use the processes of photosynthesis and respiration.
1. Illustrate and explain the carbon-oxygen cycle between plants and animals.
Plants produce oxygen, which is taken in by animals for cellular respiration (plants also undergo cellular respiration). Animals release carbon dioxide, which is taken in by plants for photosynthesis.