1- Answer the following questions :- (compare between :- )
Points of comparison
Definition :
Structure & location :
Function :
Points of
comparison
Location and
definition
Function
The brain
Cerebrum
The spinal cord
Cerebellum
Medulla
oblongata
Points of comparison
Definition
Number
Cranial nerves
Spinal nerves
Points of comparison
Definition
Examples
Voluntary muscles
involuntary muscles
2-Complete the following chart:nervous system
consists of :
1-
2-
1-
1- brain
2-
2-
2-
3-
1-
3-Locate each of the following parts in the human body:1- The brain
2- The two cerebral hemispheres
3- The spinal cord
4- The medulla oblongata
5- The cerebellum
6- Dendrites
7- The cerebral cortex
8- Axon terminals
4-What is the importance (function) of each of the following:1- Neuron
2- The brain
3- Spinal cord
4- The peripheral nervous system
5- The nervous system
6- Reflex action
7- The muscles
8- The joints
9- Tendons
10-Sternum (breast bone)
11- Upper limbs
12-lower limbs
13- Dendrites
14- The back bone
15 – Rib cage
5-What is meant by each of the following:1- Dendrites
2- The axon
3- Synapse
4- The gray matter
5- Peripheral nervous system
6- The nervous system
6-The following figure shows the arm in two different cases:
a- Write the names of the bones and the muscles
on the figure in the two different cases.
b- Describe what happens to the muscles during each case.
7-Complete the following sentences:1- The human skeletal system consists of ……… and ……………..
2- The axial skeleton consists of ………, …………… and …………….
3- The number of vertebrae of vertebral column is ……………….
4- The human ribcage consists of ………… pairs of ……………….
5- The ………….. Is the site of two bones meeting?
6- The first 10 pairs of ribs are connected to the …………. Bone
7- The joints is the location of meeting of …………..
8- ………….. Are what fix muscles on bones?
9-lower limbs consists of …………., ………… and ……………
10 – Upper limbs consists of........... , ………….. And …………
11- Knee and elbow joints are ……………… joints
12- The appendicular skeleton consists of ………. And ………..
8-Give reasons for:1- Muscles play an important role in human movement
2- You must eat healthy food, rich in calcium, phosphorus and vitamin D
3- Rib cage surrounds both the heart and the lungs
5- The backbone contains cartilages between vertebrae
6- Damage of medulla oblongata causes death
7- It is important not to take pills without doctor’s prescription
9-Explain:Withdrawal of the hand quickly when it suddenly touches a hot surface
10-What will happen if:1-all the bones of the human body are without bones
2- Hip joints has a limited movement
3- The shoulder joints become from the limited movement joints
4- The front arm muscles relax and the back arm muscles contracts
11-Classify each of the following joints according to their types:1- Skull joints
2- Knee joint
3- Elbow joint
4- Shoulder joint
5-wrist joint
6- Thigh (hip) joint
12-Mention the ways to maintain your nervous system
13-Mention the ways to maintain your locomotors system
1- Answer the following questions :- (compare between :- )
Points of comparison
Definition :
Structure & location :
Function :
The brain
It is a nerve block
containing millions of
nerve cells and it is the
main control center in your
body
Inside ebony box called the
skull
The spinal cord
It is a cylindrical cord
from which the spinal
nerves extend
It extends in a channel
within a series of
vertebrae in the
backbone
It directs and coordinates
It delivers the nerve
all
messages from the body
processes,ideas,behaviours organs to the brain and
and emotions
vice versa
- Responsible for
reflex action
Points of
comparison
Location and
definition
Function
Cerebrum
Cerebellum
Medulla
oblongata
1-It is divided into
a right and a left
halves which are
called the cerebral
hemispheres
2- Having many
convolutions and
folds on their
surface.
1-Controlling the
voluntary
movements of the
body such as
running in races.
2-Receiving nerve
impulses from
sense organs
(eyes, ears, nose,
tongue and skin)
and send
appropriate
responses to
these impulses.
3- Contain the
centers of
thinking and
memory.
Cerebellum lies at
the back area of
the brain below
two hemispheres.
1- in front of the
cerebellum
2- It connects the
brain with the
spinal cord
Maintaining the
balance of the
body during
movement
(regulating the
involuntary
movement such
as)
A-regulating heart
beats. BRegulating the
movement of the
respiratory system
parts during
breathing.
C- Regulating the
movements and
functions of the
digestive system
Points of comparison
Definition
Cranial nerves
They are nerves that
emerge from the brain
Number
12 pairs
Points of comparison
Definition
Voluntary muscles
They are the muscles
that can move willingly
and you can control its
movement.
Examples
1- the limbs muscles
2- trunk muscles
3- face muscles
4- abdominal wall
muscles
Spinal nerves
They are nerves that
emerge from the spinal
cord
31 pairs
involuntary muscles
They are the muscles
that can move
(automatically)and you
can’t control or even
aware of their
movements
1- gastrointestinal tract
2- blood vessels
3- bladder muscles
2-Complete the following chart
nervous system consists of :
2-peripheral nervous system
1- central nervous sysytem
1-cranial
nerves
1- brain
2-cerebellum
2- spinal cord
1-cerebrum
3-medulla
oblongata
2-spinal
nerves
3-Locate each of the following parts in the human body:1- The brain
Inside a bony box which called skull
2- The two cerebral hemispheres
Inside the skull (the front part of the brain)
3- The spinal cord
Extends in a channel within a series of vertebrae in the back bone
4- The medulla oblongata
In front of cerebellum
5- The cerebellum
At the back area of the brain below the two hemispheres
6- Dendrites
Branches extends from the cell body
7- The cerebral cortex
The outer surface of the two hemispheres
8- Axon terminals
Nerve endings from the axon
4-What is the importance (function) of each of the following:1- Neuron
The building unit of the nervous system (nerve cell)
2- The brain
It is the main control center in your body. It directs and coordinates all the
processes, ideas, behaviors and emotions
3- Spinal cord
It delivers nerve messages from body organs to brain and vice versa. 2 It is
responsible for the reflexes such as the withdrawal of the hand quickly on
touching a hot surface.
4- The peripheral nervous system
To get sensory information and kinetic responses between the central nervous
system and all parts of the body
5- The nervous system
1-carry nerve messages from one of the areas of the body to another area.
2-It works on regulating and coordinating all the vital processes within the body.
3-It receives the external stimuli that surround the human being through the
sensory organs and identifies and interprets them.
6- Reflex action
When the body is subjected to an external stimuli such as light, heat, and smell, it
makes an involuntary response by the nervous system.
7- The muscles.
1- Muscles generate mechanical energy and movement to the body.
2-Movement is generated by the ability of muscular cells to contract and relax.
8- The joints
Allow the movement between the bones.
9- Tendons
Long strips fix muscles to bones
10-Sternum (breast bone)
Connect the first ten pairs of ribs interiorly
11- Upper limbs
Eating, drinking, writing and holding things
12-lower limbs
Walking, running, standing, sitting and carrying the rest of the body.
13- Dendrites
Connected to neighboring neurons composing the synapse.
14- The back bone
Allow the body to bend in different directions and protect the spinal cord inside.
15 – Rib cage
To protect the lungs and the heart, in addition to helping in the inhalation and
exhalation processes.
5-What is meant by each of the following:1- Dendrites
branches extending from the neuron`s body
2- The axon
It is a cylindrical axis covered with a fatty layer called myelin sheath
3- Synapse
A composing from connected dendrites
4- The H gray matter
The internal substances of the spinal cord.
5- Peripheral nervous system
It is the nerves which emerge from the central nervous system; i.e. the brain and
the spinal cord
6- The nervous system
It is a communication and controlling device. It consists of the brain, the spinal
cord and nerves. This important system receives information from your
environment and from your body. Then, it interprets this information and makes
the body respond to it.
6-The following figure shows the arm in two different cases
A-front muscles – back muscles
Hummers –fore arm- hand bones
B-when the front muscles contract .the back muscles relax
When the back muscles contract .the front muscles relax
7-Complete the following sentences:1- The human skeletal system consists of …axial skeleton…… and …appendicular
skeleton…………..
2- The axial skeleton consists of …rib cage ……, ……backbone……… and
………skull…….
3- The number of vertebrae of vertebral column is ………33……….
4- The human ribcage consists of ……12…… pairs of ………ribs……….
5- The ……joint…….. Is the site of two bones meeting .
6- The first 10 pairs of ribs are connected to the ……breast……. Bone
7- The joints is the location of meeting of …two bones………..
8- …tendons……….. Are what fix muscles on bones?
9-lower limbs consists of …femur………., ……shaft…… and ……foot bones………
10 – Upper limbs consists of ....hummers......., ……forearm…….. And …hand
bones………
11- Knee and elbow joints are ……slightly movable (limited)………… joints
12- The appendicular skeleton consists of …lower limbs……. And …upper
limbs……..
8-Give reasons for:1- Muscles play an important role in human movement
A- Muscles generate mechanical energy and movement to the body.
B-Movement is generated by the ability of muscular cells to contract and relax.
2- You must eat healthy food, rich in calcium, phosphorus and vitamin D
To prevent bone diseases such as steomalacia and rickets
3- Rib cage surrounds both the heart and the lungs
to protect them
5- The backbone contains cartilages between vertebrae
To prevent the friction between vertebrae
6- Damage of medulla oblongata causes death
(Regulating the involuntary movement such as)
A-regulating heart beats.
B- Regulating the movement of the respiratory system parts during breathing.
C- Regulating the movements and functions of the digestive system
7- It is important not to take pills without doctor’s prescription
Because it make the nervous system exhausted
9-Explain:Withdrawal of the hand quickly when it suddenly touches a thorn
The severity of the thorns affects the nerve endings in the fingers resulting in
nerve impulses. Nerve impulses are transmitted to the spinal cord through a
sensory nerve fiber. Nerve impulses are transmitted from the spinal cord to arm
muscles (without the brain’s intervention). Muscles contract and the arm
withdraws away from the thorns. Other nerve impulses are transmitted from the
spinal cord to the sensory centers in the brain which leads to the true sense of
pain
10-What will happen if:1-all the bones of the human body are without bones
Will not be able to move correctly
2- Hip joints has a limited movement
we will not be able to walk correctly and our thigh will move in one direction
3- The shoulder joints become from the limited movement joints
we will not be able move our arms correctly and our shoulder will move in one
direction
11-Classify each of the following joints according to their types:1- Skull joints (immovable)
2- Knee joint (slightly movable joint)
3- Elbow joint (slightly movable joint)
4- Shoulder joint (freely movable joint)
5-wrist joint (freely movable joint)
6- Thigh (hip) joint(freely movable joint)
12-Mention the ways to maintain your nervous system:
1-Reducing the intake of the stimulating substances such as coffee and others as
they affect sleeping periods and heart beats and lead to nervous tension as well.
2- Stay away from tranquilizers and stimulants.
3- Not exhausting the sensory organs by sitting for long periods in front of the
computer and television.
4- Giving the body a sufficient period of rest especially during sleep.
5- Avoiding extreme exciting situations.
6- Staying away from sources of pollution because they passively affect the
nervous system as noisy places and smoke emitted from exhausts of cars,
factories
7- Doing physical exercises.
13-Mention the ways to maintain your locomotors system
1-Commitment on vaccinating children according to Ministry of Health’s
instructions as well as giving children polio vaccinations at accurate times.
2- Eating healthy food rich in calcium, phosphorus and vitamin D to prevent bone
diseases such as steomalacia and rickets.
3-Avoiding any behavior that leads to fractures and sprains such as jumping from
high places and making violent movements.
4- Avoid carrying heavy things that exceed your ability to protect the skeleton,
especially your backbone.
5-Sitting and standing correctly during studying or reading to avoid straining the
neck or backbone vertebrae.
6-Exposing the body to sunlight for suitable periods due to its importance in
providing the body with vitamin D.
7-exercising regularly.