PHOTOSYNTHESIS
or Autotrophic Nutrition
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
 What does a plant need to survive?
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 Which of the above is organic?____________
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
 Photosynthesis is the process by which plants
convert inorganic molecules into organic
molecules.
 Photosynthesis is the process by which plants
convert light energy into chemical bond energy.
 Photosynthesis is the process by which plants
convert sunlight into glucose.
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
 Chloroplasts are the site of
photosynthesis
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
 Electron Micrograph of a chloroplast
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
 Formula for photosynthesis:
The leaf
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
 Occurs in two phases:
 Light Phase
 Occurs in the GRANA in the chloroplasts
 Dark Phase
 Occurs in the STROMA in the chloroplasts
Light Phase/Reaction
 Occurs only in the presence of light
 Also called Photolysis
 Sunlight splits water into hydrogen and
oxygen
 Also called Light Dependent Reaction
Light Phase/Reaction
 Drawing of Photolysis:
Dark Phase/Reaction
 In order for the DARK PHASE to occur,
HYDROGEN has to be carried from the
LIGHT PHASE to the DARK PHASE.
 This carrier molecule is called NADP.
 When NADP is carrying hydrogen, it is
NADPH.
Dark Phase/Reaction
 Also called Light Independent Reaction
 Also called Carbon Fixation.
 In this phase, CARBON DIOXIDE from
the atmosphere combines with
HYDROGEN from the light reaction to
form GLUCOSE.
 ATP is diffused from the grana into the
stroma for the dark reaction.
Carbon Fixation
 Formula and drawing of Dark Reaction:
 CO2 + H2  2 PGAL  glucose
Factors Effecting
Photosynthesis
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Temperature
Light Intensity
Availability of Water
Elevation
Graphs for Photosynthesis
CELLULAR RESPIRATION
 Occurs in plants AND animals.
 Occurs in the MITOCHONDRIA and
CYTOPLASM.
CELLULAR RESPIRATION
 The process by which energy in food
molecules (glucose) is converted to a
form that can be used by the cells (ATP).
 Can be AEROBIC (uses O2) or
ANAEROBIC (does NOT use O2)
CELL RESPIRATION
 Picture
CELLULAR RESPIRATION
 ATP
 Adenosine Tri-Phosphate = ENERGY
 Comes from chemical bonds breaking
 The more bonds broken, the more energy
made.
 Energy is stored in high energy phosphate
bonds.
CELLULAR RESPIRATION
ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION
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Occurs in the CYTOPLASM
Makes energy WITHOUT using oxygen.
Glucose is partially broken down.
Also called GLYCOLYSIS or
FERMENTATION.
 Produces:
 Ethyl Alcohol ( in yeast)
 Lactic Acid (in bacteria or human muscle cells).
ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION
 Pyruvic Acid
 produced by the breakdown of sugars during
GLYCOLYSIS
ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION
 Formula
AEROBIC RESPIRATION
 Making ATP USING oxygen.
 Occurs in the MITOCHONDRIA
 More energy efficient than anaerobic
respiration (releases more energy).
 Bonds in glucose are completely broken
down.
AEROBIC RESPIRATION
 Formula:
C6H12O6 + 2ATP  Pyruvate  CO2 + H2O + 38 ATP
O2
Steps of Aerobic
Respiration
1. Glycolysis (Anaerobic Respiration)
• Makes pyruvic acid, which is then broken down
• Produces 4 ATP (gross)
Steps of Aerobic
Respiration
2. Kreb’s Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle)
• Produces citric acid, which is then broken down
• Bonds in the sugar are completely broken down,
releasing CO2
Steps of Aerobic
Respiration
3. Electron Transport Chain
• Oxygen is the final hydrogen acceptor so
glucose bonds can be FULLY broken down.
• Releases H2O
AEROBIC RESPIRATION
CELLULAR RESPIRATION
Lactic acid
CELLULAR RESPIRATION
& PHOTOSYNTHESIS
CELLULAR RESPIRATION
& PHOTOSYNTHESIS