WOMEN’S RIGHTS, NAACP TO THE 1960’S
THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENTS
 The women’s rights movement in the 1800’s laid the
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foundation for minority rights.
The Civil War Amendments (pushed for by Frederick
Douglas) passed by Abe Lincoln were the
cornerstones.
Booker T. Washington was an early advocate for civil
rights.
Harry Truman desegregated the military in World War
II.
Ike was president when Brown v. Board was passed in
1954.
HARRY TRUMAN

 President Truman advanced the cause of civil
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
rights when he ordered the
desegregation of —
A all branches of the armed forces.
B factories which produced military supplies.
C all public high schools.
D state-funded colleges and universities.
THE EARLY MOVEMENT
 Plessy v. Ferguson- 1896 Supreme Court case that
established “separate but equal”; it legalized
segregation
 Jim Crow Laws- discrimination laws in the South; ex.
African-Americans had curfews, couldn’t testify
against a white person in court, had to ride on the back
of the bus…
 Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.- preacher in Montgomery,
AL who became the leader of the Mont. Bus Boycott;
 He led SCLC and believed in non-violence; influenced
by Gandhi
Supreme court cases impact
 Brown vs. Board of Education-1954 Supreme Court
case that outlawed segregation in schools; Thurgood
 Marshall was the NAACP attorney who represented
Linda Brown
 Rosa Parks and the Montgomery Bus Boycott- 1955;
considered the beginning of the civil rights movement;
 She refused to give up her seat so a white man could be
seated; she was arrested and a city-wide boycott began;
the Supreme Ct. stepped in and integrated Mont.
buses
BROWN V.BOARD

 Excerpt from Brown vs. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas (1954):
 “We conclude that in the field of public education the doctrine of
‘separate but
 equal’ has no place. Separate educational facilities are inherently
unequal.’’
 Which statement BEST describes the meaning of this section of the
Supreme Court
 ruling?
 A Local schools should solve their own problems.
 B The act of legally segregating the races in schools is unconstitutional.
 C Schools should be funded in a way that provides equal amounts of money.
 D In order to provide equality in schools, the federal government must control
local
 schools.
Brown v. Board of
Education(1954)
Rosa Parks
Montgomery Bus Boycott
Little Rock Nine
 Little Rock Nine- 9 Af-Am teenagers integrated Little
Rock’s Central High despite brutal protests
 Greensboro and Nashville sit-ins- SNCC and other
groups fought to integrate downtown lunch counters
by staging sit-ins; they sat quietly and were refused
service… they continued to sit peacefully and were
 beaten/arrested
Little Rock
Little Rock Nine
Blocked by Arkansas National
Guard
ARKANSAS AND CIVIL RIGHTS
 When the governor of Arkansas called up the National
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Guard to prevent African
American children from entering all-white public
schools in 1957, President
Eisenhower directed the United States Army to
intervene. In this case, the president
was attempting to enforce —
A a state law.
B a federal court order.
C a congressional resolution.
D an international mandate.
THE RACIST SOUTH
 Student Non-violent Coordinating Committee- SNCC; college
age students who organized non-violent protests
 Freedom Riders- civil rights workers who hoped to integrate bus
terminals; they rode buses from city to city in the South and
often faced fierce crowds when they arrived at their destinations
 Bull Conner and Birmingham- Racist police commissioner of
Birmingham, AL who ordered the police/firefighters to
 use dogs and fire hoses on children during a protest; it was
videoed and shown world wide on news stations; B’ham was
known as “Bombingham” due to the # of bombs used and violent
acts that occurred
BROWN V. BOARD

 Excerpt from Brown vs. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas (1954):
 “We conclude that in the field of public education the doctrine of
‘separate but
 equal’ has no place. Separate educational facilities are inherently
unequal.’’
 Which statement BEST describes the meaning of this section of the
Supreme Court
 ruling?
 A Local schools should solve their own problems.
 B The act of legally segregating the races in schools is unconstitutional.
 C Schools should be funded in a way that provides equal amounts of money.
 D In order to provide equality in schools, the federal government must control
local
 schools.
LEADERS EMERGE
 March on Washington- 1963; largest march in DC at that
time with 250,000 marchers; purpose was to draw
 attention to the Civil Rights Act that was before Congress;
MLK gave his “I Have A Dream” speech
 Civil Rights Act of 1964- signed by Lyndon Johnson that
outlawed discrimination in public facilities; ex. no
 more separate restrooms, water fountains, restaurants, etc.

 Medgar Evers- state leader of the NAACP in MS; murdered
in his driveway by Byron De La Beckwith in 1963;

Had organized successful boycotts in Jackson, MS
CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT

 The purpose of the March on Washington in
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
August 1963 was to show support
for —
A school segregation.
B civil rights legislation.
C military involvement in Vietnam.
D ratification of the Equal Rights Amendment.
THE EARLY UPHEAVAL
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 The Supreme Court supported Jim Crow laws
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through decisions like the one in the
1896 case of —
A Miranda v. Arizona.
B Schenck v. United States.
C Plessy v. Ferguson.
D Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka.
Planning the March on
Washington
LEADERS EMERGE
 James Meredith- first African-American to enroll at the
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
University of MS (Ole Miss); violent protests occurred
Ms Freedom Democratic Party- new political party formed
that allowed all races to represent the state at
the Democratic National Convention in Atlantic City in
1964; the National Cmte refused to recognize
the MFDP and offered them two seats at large at the
convention; the MFDP refused them and left
Fannie Lou Hamer- MFDP delegate who was very critical of
the Democratic party for not recognizing the MFDP and
her speech was nationally televised
The movement continues
 Ms Summer Project or Freedom Summer- organized by the
NAACP to recruit volunteers from across the country to
come to MS in the summer of 1964 and help register
African-Americans to vote; local police arrested 3
volunteers and their bodies were recovered months later in
an earthen dam; inspired the movie “MS Burning”
 Selma March- 1965; purpose was to draw attention to the
lack of voting rights for African Americans; the first march
ended as state troopers on horseback stopped protestors on
the outskirts of Selma; troopers used tear gas on the
peaceful protestors; the second march was successful b/c
the president ordered the state troopers to protect the
marchers
KING IS KILLED
 Voting Rights Act of 1965- signed by Lyndon Johnson and
allowed the federal govt. to supervise voting
 in the south; eliminated all barriers to voting (poll tax,
literacy tests, etc.)
 Malcolm X- civil rights leader who was impatient with the
slow progress that had been made and believed that AFAm should fight “eye for an eye” for their rights; did not
want to integrate into the white man’s society
 MLK Assassination- shot on the balcony of a hotel in
Memphis, TN in 1968; was in Memphis to help a group
 of garbage workers who were on strike
THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT

 Which one of the following events is generally
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recognized as the start of the Civil Rights Movement?
A African American college students staged a sit-in at the
Woolworth’s lunch counter in Greensboro, North Carolina.
B A multiracial march was organized for Washington, D.C.,
to demonstrate for human rights.
C Rosa Parks, an African American woman, refused to give
up her seat on a bus in Montgomery, Alabama.
D Fannie Lou Hamer organized the Mississippi Freedom
Democratic Party so that African Americans would be
represented at the Democratic National Convention
of 1964.
Who are the important people that
promoted civil rights?
 Plessy v. Ferguson- 1896 Supreme Court case that
established “separate but equal”; it legalized
segregation
 Jim Crow Laws- discrimination laws in the South; ex.
African Americans had curfews, couldn’t testify against
a white person in court, had to ride on the back of the
bus…
 Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.- preacher in Montgomery,
AL who became the leader of the Mont. Bus Boycott;
He led SCLC and believed in non-violence; influenced
by Gandhi
Important people, places and events during the
Civil Rights Movement
 Brown vs. Board of Education-1954 Supreme Court case
that outlawed segregation in schools; Thurgood Marshall
was the NAACP attorney who represented Linda Brown
 Rosa Parks and the Montgomery Bus Boycott- 1955;
considered the beginning of the civil rights movement; She
refused to give up her seat so a white man could be seated;
she was arrested and a city-wide boycott began; the
Supreme Ct. stepped in and integrated Mont. buses
 Little Rock Nine- 9 African-American teenagers integrated
Little Rock’s Central High despite brutal protests
Places and events
 Student Non-violent Coordinating Committee- SNCC;
college age students who organized non-violent protests
 Freedom Riders- civil rights workers who hoped to
integrate bus terminals; they rode buses from city to city in
the South and often faced fierce crowds when they arrived
at their destinations
 Bull Conner and Birmingham- Racist police commissioner
of B’ham, AL who ordered the police/firefighters to use
dogs and fire hoses on children during a protest; it was
videoed and shown world wide on news stations; B’ham
was known as “Bombingham” due to the # of bombs used
and violent acts that occurred
THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT
 In 1964, volunteers went to Mississippi to work for
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



civil rights in a movement
known as Freedom Summer. What was the MAIN
goal of these volunteers?
A They wanted to integrate local high schools.
B They wanted to register African Americans to vote.
C They wanted to organize a march on Washington,
D.C.
D They wanted to protest the integration of public
facilities.
Student Nonviolent
Coordinating Committee
Freedom Riders in Montgomery
Places and events
 March on Washington- 1963; largest march in DC at that
time with 250,000 marchers; purpose was to draw attention
to the Civil Rights Act that was before Congress; MLK gave
his “I Have A Dream” speech
 Civil Rights Act of 1964- signed by Lyndon Johnson that
outlawed discrimination in public facilities; ex. no more
separate restrooms, water fountains, restaurants, etc.
 Medgar Evers- state leader of the NAACP in MS; murdered
in his driveway by Byron De La Beckwith in 1963; Had
organized successful boycotts in Jackson, MS
 James Meredith- first Af-Am to enroll at the Univ of MS
(Ole Miss); violent protests occurred
The ground breakers
 James Meredith- first African-American to enroll at the
University of MS (Ole Miss); violent protests occurred
 Ms Freedom Democratic Party- new political party formed
that allowed all races to represent the state at the
Democratic National Convention in Atlantic City in 1964;
the National Committee refused to recognize the MFDP
and offered them two seats at large at the convention; the
MFDP refused them and left
 Fannie Lou Hamer- MFDP delegate who was very critical of
the Democratic party for not recognizing the MFDP and
her speech was nationally televised
James Meredith at Ole Miss
The contributors…..
 Ms Summer Project or Freedom Summer- organized by the
NAACP to recruit volunteers from across the country to
come to MS in the summer of 1964 and help register
African-Americans to vote; local police arrested 3
volunteers and their bodies were recovered months later in
an earthen dam; inspired the movie “MS Burning”
 Selma March- 1965; purpose was to draw attention to the
lack of voting rights for African-Americans; the first march
ended as state troopers on horseback stopped protestors on
the outskirts of Selma; troopers used tear gas on the
peaceful protestors; the second march was successful b/c
the president ordered the state troopers to protect the
marchers
The contributors
 Voting Rights Act of 1965- signed by Lyndon Johnson and
allowed the federal govt. to supervise voting in the south;
eliminated all barriers to voting (poll tax, literacy tests,
etc.)
 Malcolm X- civil rights leader who was impatient with the
slow progress that had been made and believed that AFAm should fight “eye for an eye” for their rights; did not
want to integrate into the white man’s society
 MLK Assassination- shot on the balcony of a hotel in
Memphis, TN in 1968; was in Memphis to help a group of
garbage workers who were on strike
Southern Christian Leadership
Council (SCLC)
Massive Resistance
Emmett Till Lynching, 1955
Greensboro, N.C.
February 1, 1960
Nashville Sit-Ins
A Long Wait?
Non-Violent Resistance
Anniston AL lights the way!
Alabama, 1963
Welcome to Birmingham
Gov. George Wallace
June 12,1963:
Medgar Evers
Byron De La Beckwith
1963, 1994 & 1997
Birmingham, 1963
“Putting on the
Pressure”
Thomas Blanton
and Bobby Frank Cherry
Guilty, 2001
John Lewis 1963 and 2003
Malcolm Little, Malcolm X ,
Malik El Shabazz
M&M
Malcolm X and Louis X
Elijah Muhammad