BONDINGWhat does bonding mean?
What is a chemical bond?
• A chemical bond results
when electrons are gained,
lost, or shared between
atoms
• bonds form so atoms can
have 8 valence electrons
Types of BONDS
• If electrons are gained or lost
(transferred), an IONIC BOND
results
• If electrons are shared, a
COVALENT BOND results
– TIP to remember the difference between
the two (co and I)
– $ example
How does bonding affect
the type of compound
formed?
• The type of compound
that is formed depends
on the bond between
the two elements.
COMPOUNDS- combination
of at least two elements
• There are two types of
compounds
–Ionic compounds
–Molecular (covalent)
compounds
• Windows media player
animation – ionic
bonding/ covalent
boding animation
Types of Compounds Continued
• Covalent bonds form between
NONMETALS only
• Example: CO2, SO2
• Covalent bonds form molecular
compounds
"My
name is
Bond Covalent
Bond."
Types of Compounds Continued
• Ionic bonds form between
METALS & NONMETALS only
• Example: NaCl, MgCl2
• Ionic bonds form ionic compounds
Classify the following as
Covalent or Ionic Compounds
• 1.
• 2.
• 3.
• 4.
• 5.
Li3N
P2O5
CO
MgS
FeCl3
Which of the following
compounds is ionic?
A.
B.
C.
D.
HCl
H2O
NaCl
CH4
Which are ionic compounds?
• 1.
• 2.
• 3.
• 4.
• 5.
CO2
CCl4
MgS
AlF3
HCl
• We are going to spend the next
few days exploring ionic
compounds before we talk any
more about molecular
compounds.
• In order for ionic bonds to form,
the atoms that are combining
must first become ions!
• IONIC COMPOUNDS
are formed from IONS
Atoms and Ions
• Ions are different from
atoms because:
• Ions are charged particles
• Ions are atoms that have lost
or gained e-
Why Atoms Change
• Atoms are electrically
neutral (#p+ = #e-)
• However, atoms have a
mission It is to become
like a noble gas
Octet Rule
• The Octet Rule states that all
atoms want to achieve a noble
gas configuration (have 8
valence electrons) in order to
become chemically stable
• Atoms accomplish this through
gaining, losing, and sharing of
electrons
Ions
• An atom which loses
electrons becomes positively
charged and is called a
cation
• Metals form cations
–Ex. Mg+2
• Smart board atom
example
Ions
• An atom which gains
electrons becomes
negatively charged and is
referred as an anion
• Nonmetals form anions
Write Symbols for the following:
•
•
•
•
•
1. A sulfur atom that gains 2 e2. A sodium atom that loses 1 e3. A nitrogen atom that gains 3 e4. A magnesium atom that loses 2 eIdentify the anions and cations
above
• Determine how many protons and
electrons each atom has
• Smart board atom example
Ion 1:48 video clip
• http://streaming.discoveryedu
cation.com/clickDirector.cfm/t
ype/video/action/stream/guid
AssetID/ae2c7a14-611a4857-86f2-66933e4c286a
Complete the following
• Symbol Mass # Atomic # #p+ #n0 #e• Ag
108
• Ca2+
29
•
65
30
30
•
1
2
0
•
59
28
26
Two atoms are walking down
the street one day, and one
of them says to the other:
"Hey, wait up a second. I
think I lost an electron"
The first atom replied, "Are
you sure?"
The second atom exclaimed,
"Yes, I'm positive!"
Ionic Charges of Elements
• The following families take the
following charges in IONIC
COMPOUNDS:
• Group 1: +1
• Group 2: +2
• Group 3A: +3
• Group 4A: 4
Ionic Charges of Elements
• Group 5A: -3
• Group 6A: -2
• Group 7A: -1
• Group 8A: 0 *do NOT form
compounds
• Groups 3-12 can have different
charges
Determine the charge the
following elements would have
when they formed ions.
• 1.
• 2.
• 3.
• 4.
• 5.
Na
Cl
S
P
Ra
• 6. Ca
• 7. I
• 8. Sr
• 9. Al
• 10. O
• ION CLASS
ACTIVITY… find your
two matches!
Review!
• 1. Which of the following are ionic
compounds:
• H2O, NaOH, Rb2O, CO2
• 2. What charges would the following
have if they became an ion?
• a. Na b. F c. Ca d. Ga e. Ne
• 3. Classify the elements in #2 as
metal, nonmetal or metalloids
Chemical Formulas
• Chemical Formulas show the
kinds and number of each atom
present in a compound
• The small numbers written
below a symbol are called
SUBSCRIPTS
• Subscripts show the number of
each atom present
Determine the kinds and number
of each atom in the following:
• 1.
• 2.
• 3.
• 4.
• 5.
CO2
CCl4
MgS
AlF3
HCl
Binary Ionic
Compounds
Binary Ionic Compounds
• A binary ionic compound is an
ionic compound that contains only
2 elements
• Examples:
• NaCl
CaF2
• Binary ionic compounds use the
ionic charges in order to write
correct formulas
Writing Correct Chemical
Formulas for Binary Ionics:
• 1. Determine the charge of each ion
• 2. Crisscross the value associated with
the charge to the other atom
• 3. Reduce the subscripts to the lowest
possible terms
• 4. Check to make sure that the total
charge of the formula adds up to zero
Example: Write the
formula for:
• Magnesium and Chlorine
2+
Mg
-1
Cl
MgCl2
Write Formulas for the
following:
• 1.
• 2.
• 3.
• 4.
• 5.
Mg, P
Al, S
K, I
Sr, O
Ba, Br
Naming Ionic Compounds
• 1) Name the metal first
• 2) Name the nonmetal, but
change the ending of the
nonmetal to “ide.”
Example
• 1. K3N
–Potassium Nitride
Name the following
compounds:
•1. MgCl2
•2. Li2O
•3. BaS
Name the following
compounds
• 1.
• 2.
• 3.
• 4.
• 5.
MgO
Rb3N2
Al2O3
KBr
Na2S
Write Formulas for the
following given the names:
• 1.
• 2.
• 3.
• 4.
• 5.
Calcium Chloride
Cesium Oxide
Sodium Fluoride
Aluminum Sulfide
Potassium Nitride
• QUICK GAME…
Name the following
compounds
• Na2O
• BaBr2
Write Formulas for when
the following elements
combine:
• Al, Se
• Li, F
Name the following
compounds
• AlN
• CuF
Write formulas for the
following compounds:
• Lithium Chloride
• Sodium Oxide
Write formulas for the
following compounds:
• Potassium Phosphide
• Strontium Sulfide
Write Formulas for when
the following elements
combine:
• Mg, N
• Al, Cl
Write the correct formula:
• Strontium Sulfide
• Write the correct
formula:
• Potassium Bromide
• Barium Phosphide
• Write the correct formula
for Copper Iodide.
Copper loses two
electrons.
• HW… binary compound
worksheet.
Properties of Ionic Compounds
• Visit http://home.carolina.rr.com/bwhitson
• Learn about properties of ionic
compounds (click on unit 8 & 9)
• Expected Outcomes:
• 1) describe formation of ionic bond
• 2) knowledge of properties of ionic bonds
• 3) knowledge of metallic bonds & alloys
KEY PROPERTIES OF IONIC
COMPOUNDS
• Most are crystalline solids at
room temperature
• High melting points
• Conduct an electric current
when melted or dissolved in
water.
• Time to “bond” with your
classmates.
Polyatomic Ions
• Polyatomic Ions are composed
of at least two atoms
• Poly = many ; atomic = atoms
• The atoms function as one unit
but have a charge
Examples of Polyatomic Ions
See EOC reference table
•OH
Hydroxide Ion
2•CO3 Carbonate
+
•NH4 Ammonium
Ion
Ion
Ternary Compounds
Ternary Compounds
• Ternary Ionic Compounds
contain at least 3 different
elements
• A ternary compound
always contains a
polyatomic ion
Rules for naming ternary compounds
• 1. Name the metal.
• 2. Name the polyatomic ion by
looking at the EOC reference
table.
• Example: LiNO3
• Lithium Nitrate
Examples:
• Ca(OH)2
• Calcium Hydroxide
• MgCO3
• Magnesium Carbonate
Name the following:
• 1.
• 2.
• 3.
• 4.
MgSO4
Na2CO3
Ba(OH)2
(NH4)2SO4
• Are these compounds still considered to be
ionic?
NAME THE FOLLOWING
compounds. Some are
binary, and some are
ternary. Hold up your
answer on the dry erase
boards when you have an
answer.
• 1. Na3N
• 2. Ag2CO3
• 3. NH4OH
• 4. Cu3PO4
• 5. SrO
• 6. Ba3P2
• 7. SrCO3
• 8. (NH4)Cl
• 9. Na2(SO4)
• 10. MgO
Ternary Compounds
• Writing formulas for ternary
compounds is similar to
binary ionic compounds
• Always write the polyatomic
ion in parenthesis before
crossing the charges
Example: Write the formula for:
• Magnesium Nitrate
2+
Mg
-1
(NO3)
Mg(NO3)2
Write Formulas for the
following
• 1. Magnesium Sulfate
• 2. Ammonium Chloride
Write formulas
Sodium Carbonate
Ammonium Phosphate
Write formulas
• Aluminum Phosphate
• Sodium Sulfide
• Name the following:
• Ba3P2
• ZnCO3
• Write formulas for:
• 1. Sodium oxide
• 2. Ammonium sulfide
Name the following
• (NH4)Cl
• Na3(PO4)
Write formulas
Potassium hydroxide
Barium Sulfate
Lithium Phosphate
Name the following
• MgO
• Ag2CO3
•
•
•
•
•
Name the following:
Na3P
NH4OH
Cu3PO4
FeO
• CUT AND PASTE
TERNARY COMPOUND
ACTIVITY!