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How would you write the name of the
following compounds
◦
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◦
Zn(OH)2
NaOH
HCl
Mg(NO3)2
What does an acid do to red litmus?
What does an acid to do blue litmus?
How can we tell the pH of a substance?
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Ions – table of ions open in work book

Flame test
The Lab
Everyday Life
ACIDS:
Hydrochloric acid – HCl
Nitric acid – HNO3
Sulfuric acid – H2SO4
Ethanoic acid – CH3COOH
ACIDS:
Tartaric acid
Citric acid
DNA
Carbonic acid
BASES:
Sodium hydroxide – NaOH
Potassium hydroxide – KOH
Calcium hydroxide – Ca(OH)2
Ammonia – NH3
BASES:
Magnesium hydroxide
Limestone
Garden lime
Baking soda
Indicator
COLOUR
In acidic solution
In neutral
solution
In alkaline
solution
Litmus Paper
(red or blue)
Red stays red
Blue turns red
Red stays red
Blue stays blue
Red turns blue
Blue stays blue
Universal
Indicator
Red, orange,
yellow
Green
Blue, purple
(B FOR BLUE &
BASIC)
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When an acidic solution is mixed with an
alkaline solution a NEUTRALISATION reaction
occurs
H+ ions in acid, react with OH- of the base
forming water
H+ + OH-
H2O
HCl solution – mixed with NaOH
Some H+ reacted not all – solution still
acidic
Complete neutralisation when all the
H+ have reacted with OHFINAL SOLUTION WILL CONTAIN Na+ and Clions – evaporation = NaCl crystals
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In your lab group
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At least 8 test tubes
Two beakers
Universal Indicator
Test tube rack
◦ Challenge: Create the best looking rainbow of pH
using your acids (HCl) and base (NaOH)
◦ Use the neutralisation reaction
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Acid + Base = ???
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What is an ionic compound?

When writing ionic formula does the metal
change its name of the non-metal?
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Acid + Base = ???? + ????
Write the salts formed from the following
reactions (word equation)
◦ Sulfuric Acid + Sodium Hydroxide
◦ Hydrochloric acid + Potassium Hydroxide
◦ Nitric Acid + Sodium Hydroxide
◦ Write ionic formula for the salts produced
◦ ION QUIZ
ACID + BASE → SALT + WATER
e.g. hydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide → sodium chloride + water
HCl
+
NaOH →
NaCl
+
H 2O
e.g. sulfuric acid + potassium hydroxide → potassium sulfate + water
H2SO4
+ 2 KOH
→
K2SO4
+
H20
Acid
Formula
Salts
Hydrochloric HCl
Chlorides
Sulfuric
H2SO4
Sulfates
Nitric
HNO4
Nitrates
Ethanoic
CH3COOH
Ethanoates
1.Nitric acid + Sodium hydroxide
Sodium nitrate
2.Sulfuric acid + Potassium hydroxide
Potassium sulfate
3.Hydrochloric acid + Magnesium oxide
Magnesium chloride
4.Ethanoic acid + Sodium hydroxide
Sodium ethanoate
ACID + BASE → SALT + WATER
Question: What sorts of compounds act as bases in this case
Answer: Metal oxides and metal hydroxides
MgO
CuO
Fe2O3
ZnO
Mg(OH)2
Cu(OH)2
Ca(OH)2
NaOH
KOH
(1) Hydrogen chloride + Magnesium oxide → Magnesium chloride + Wa
2 HCl +
MgO
→
MgCl2
+
H2O
(2) Nitric acid + Sodium hydroxide + → Sodium nitrate + Water
HNO3
+ NaOH
→
NaNO3
+
H2O
(3) Sulfuric acid + Calcium hydroxide → Calcium sulfate + Water
H2SO4
+
Ca(OH)2
→
CaSO4
+ 2 H2O
1. Hydrochloric acid + Zinc oxide → Zinc chloride + wate
2. Nitric acid + Copper oxide → Copper Nitrate + water
3. _____ + Sodium hydroxide → Sodium sulfate + water
4. Hydrochloric acid + Iron oxide → ___________ + water
1. Hydrochloric acid + Zinc oxide → Zinc chloride + wat
2 HCl + ZnO
→ ZnCl2 + H2O
2. Nitric acid + Copper oxide + → Zinc nitrate + water
2 HNO3 + CuO + → Cu(NO3)2 + H2O
3. Sulfuric Acid + Sodium hydroxide → Sodium sulfate + wa
H2SO4 + 2 NaOH → Na2SO4 + 2H2O
Iron chloride
4. Hydrochloric acid + Iron oxide + → ___________
+ wa
6 HCl + Fe2O3 →
2 FeCl3 + 3 H2O
1. Antacid (“anti-acid”) tablets
• Stomach acid (HCl) causes heartburn
• “Quick-eze” contain a base, magnesium hydroxide - Mg(OH)2
• The base neutralises the stomach acid, relieving the symptoms of hear
Hydrochloric acid + Magnesium hydroxide → Magnesium chloride
+ water
2. Toothpaste and tooth decay
Bacteria on our teeth produce acids as part of their metabolism
The acid wears away the enamel on our teeth
Toothpaste is basic, this helps to neutralise the acid and prevent tooth d
Past exam paper:
Epsom salt has the chemical formula MgSO4. It
can be prepared by reacting an acid with
magnesium hydroxide
a) Give the chemical name for MgSO4
b) Name the acid used in this reaction
c) Write the word equations for the preparation
ofMgSO4
d) This reaction is described as a neutralisation
reaction: Explain what is meant by
neutralisation reaction
Past exam paper:
Epsom salt has the chemical formula MgSO4. It can be prepared by
reacting an acid with magnesium hydroxide
a) Give the chemical name for MgSO4 Magnesium
sulfate
b) Name the acid used in this reaction Sulfuric
acid
c) Write the word equations for the preparation of
MgSO4
Magnesium hydroxide + sulfuric acid =
magnesium sulfate + water
a) This reaction is described as a neutralisation
reaction: Explain what is meant by
neutralisation reaction
1. H+
2. red
3. litmus
4. atomic number
5. ion
6. metal
7. CO328. NO39. sulfate
10. sulfuric acid
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
Sodium hydroxide
alkali
base
OHpositive
CH3COOH
(NH4)2CO3
negative
HCO3Al2O3
ClLi+
Mg2+
Zn2+
Fe3+
NH4+
Ca2+
O2-
CO32-
SO42-
HCO3- OH-
Cl-
O2-
CO32-
SO42-
Li+
LiCl
Li2O
Li2CO3 Li2SO4
Mg2+
MgCl2 MgO MgCO3 MgSO4
Mg(HCO3)2
MgOH2
Zn2+
ZnCl2
ZnO
ZnCO3 ZnSO4
Zn(HCO3)2
Zn(OH)2
Fe3+
FeCl3
Fe2O3
Fe2(CO3)3
Fe(HCO3)3
Fe(OH)3
NH4+
NH4Cl
(NH4)2O
(NH4)2CO3 (NH4)2SO4 NH4HCO3
NH4OH
Ca2+
CaCl2 CaO CaCO3 CaSO4
Ca(HCO3)2
Ca(OH)2
Fe2(SO4)3
HCO3- OHLiHCO3 LiOH
ACID + CARBONATE → SALT + WATER + CARBON DIOXIDE
e.g. Hydrochloric acid + Calcium carbonate → Calcium chloride + w
+ carbon dioxide
NB – This also occurs with BICARBONATES (Hydrogen carbonates)
ACID + REACTIVE METAL → SALT + HYDROGEN GAS
e.g. Sulfuric acid + Magnesium → Magnesium sulfate + hydrogen
1. Hydrochloric acid + Calcium carbonate → Calcium _____ + water +
2. Nitric acid + Copper carbonate → Copper _____ + water + CO2
3. Sulfuric acid + Sodium carbonate → Sodium _____ + water + CO2
4. Ethanoic acid + Zinc carbonate → Zinc _____ + water + CO2
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Below is an example of what? Blue is for....
Red is for...
Acid + Carbonate --
Write the colour changes when copper
carbonate was heated.
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Exam question in the past
Heat Copper carbonate in a test tube
Heat till colour change
Add Sulfuric Acid (up to first article)
Filter
Solution we will leave to evaporate so put in
evaporation dish
Clean Up
Baking powder
This contains baking soda (sodium hydrogen
carbonate) and an
acid (usually tartaric acid) in powder form.
When the baking powder is added to water, the
baking soda and
the acid react, producing CO2 gas and making the
cake rise!
Fizzy tablets – like Berocca
These contain an acid and a carbonate in powder form
When the tablet gets wet, the acid and carbonate
react together to form CO2 – the fizzy bubbles
Limestone caves:
Limestone is composed of
calcium carbonate
Caves form when acidic rainwater
dissolves the limestone, forming
cracks and fissures
The limestone reappears
underground as stalactites and
stalagmites
Acid + Carbonate demo
 Equations from the experiments
(EVERYONE NEEDS TO GET!!)

Mark using marking sheet
Once finished: Mind map of atoms and acids
and bases topic
Team Quiz