Textile Industry:
the First
Example of
Industrialization
Objective: I can
prove
industrialization had
a social, political,
and economic
effect on Western
Europe and the
World.
Textile Industry: the First
Example of Industrialization
England
had long been the
center of textile production.
Traditionally, British textiles
were produced through the
putting-out system.
Textile Industry: the First
Example of Industrialization
 Craftspeople
in rural areas spun flax
(linen) into fiber (thread) at home.
 The fiber was then transported by
merchants to other craftspeople who
wove the fiber into fabric.
 Because the labor was spread out in
many workers’ homes, the putting-out
system did not produce textiles quickly
enough to keep pace with rising
demand. [Cottage Home Industry]
Partner Questions
1
Partner Questions
Where
1
did the Industrial
Revolution begin?
What was the first industry to
industrialize?
What was the putting-out
system or cottage home
industry?
Inventions of New Machines
 The
putting-out system came to an
end with a number of inventions
that changed the way textiles were
manufactured.
 These changes led to the creation
of the first textile factories.
Invention of New Machines
 In
the 18th century, John Kay invented the
flying shuttle, which improved a weaving
looms.
 Traditionally, two people had been
needed to work a loom, but the flying
shuttle made it possible for one person to
do the job.
 With the flying shuttle, weavers were able
to weave faster than human spinners
could spin thread.
Invention of New Machines
 In
about 1764, James Hargreaves
invented the spinning jenny, which
allowed as many as 16 threads to be
spun at once.
 With it, spinners were able to catch up
with the weavers.
 These new machines were placed in
special buildings, or factories.
 Now spinners, weavers, and the
machines were brought together in one
place.
Invention of New Machines
In
1769, Sir Richard
Arkwright, an English
industrialist, invented the
water frame, a large,
water-powered spinning
frame that created a strong
thread.
Invention of New Machines
The
spinning mule, invented
in 1779 by Samuel
Crompton, was a
combination of the spinning
jenny and the water frame.
The spinning mule made
strong, fine fiber.
Partner Questions
2
Partner Questions
What
2
brought an end to the
putting-out system or cottage
home industry?
What was a specialized
building called that housed
machines?
Invention of New Machines
The
Scotsman James Watt’s
improvement of the coalpowered steam engine in 1782
contributed to the growth of
the textile industry.
So did Edmund Cartwright’s
power loom (1785), which was
run by steam power.
Effects of Steam Power
 Rushing
streams and rivers turned
the huge wheels that had provided
power used by the early factories.
 With the steam-powered water
loom, textile factories could be built
anywhere, not just near sources of
water.
Partner Question
3
Partner Question
What
3
was located near early
factories?
What invention changed the
way machines were powered?
After the power loom, where
were factories built?
Effects of Steam Power
 The
steam engine also contributed to the
growth of steam-powered railroads in the
early 19th century, which allowed
merchants to transport goods cheaply
long distances over land.
 England’s coal industry grew as the use of
the steam engine grew.
 More workers were needed to mine coal
and to run steam powered machines in
factories and steam engines in ships and
trains.
Partner Question
4
Partner Question
Explain
4
how the steam
engine, railroads, and
coal are all connected.
Primary Source-Climbing Boy
Write
a paragraph response to
the primary source about the
climbing boy.
 Do
you think this is common for
the time period?
 Could something like this
happen today?