Skeletal System
Objectives:
A. Recognize the interdependence of major systems of an animal’s body;
B. Describe types of bones and connective tissue along with their function
C. Classify types of joints in a skeleton
D. Label bones on a skeleton diagram
OBJECTIVE A- Recognize the interdependencies of
major systems of an animal’s body
What makes a car run?
OBJECTIVE A- Recognize the interdependencies of
major systems of an animal’s body
The secret is…
there are several systems.
If one system fails, the automobile will not
function properly or may not function at all.
Animals are much like cars in that they are
composed of a variety of interdependent
systems.
OBJECTIVE A- Recognize the interdependencies of
major systems of an animal’s body
What does interdependent
mean?
Systems that mutually depend
on each other to work.
OBJECTIVE A- Recognize the interdependencies of
major systems of an animal’s body
Can only one system function
on it’s own?
Why or Why Not?
Read article on Boneless Chicken and discuss.
OBJECTIVE B-Describe types of bones and
connective tissue along with their function
The Skeletal System
• Provides the frame and support for all the
other systems and organs.
•
What is the purpose of
a
skeletal
system???
This system is made up of cartilage, bones,
and connective tissue.
OBJECTIVE B-Describe types of bones and
connective tissue along with their function
Cartilage
• is composed of firm tissue that is not as hard
as bone and is somewhat flexible.
EXAMPLES: Nose & Ears
OBJECTIVE B-Describe types of bones and
connective tissue along with their function
Long Bones
• Are the longest bones
• Provide support for the body giving it
the rigidity (hardness) necessary to
stand and move.
EXAMPLES:
Leg Bones
OBJECTIVE B-Describe types of bones and
connective tissue along with their function
Where are short bones located?
OBJECTIVE B-Describe types of bones and
connective tissue along with their function
Short Bones
• Are mostly found in the joints and serve as hinges.
• They help cushion shock and protect long bones
by being flexible
• Are often as big around as they are long
EXAMPLES: ankles
OBJECTIVE B-Describe types of bones and
connective tissue along with their function
What is an example
of an irregular bone?
OBJECTIVE B-Describe types of bones and
connective tissue along with their function
Irregular Bones
• Function as support and protection
• Are irregularly shaped.
EXAMPLE: Vertebrae
These bones make up the backbone, which is not a single bone, but a series of
irregular bones. They flex and bend to give the animal movement. The vertebrae
are divided into several different areas: Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, Sacral, and
Coccygeal
OBJECTIVE B-Describe types of bones and
connective tissue along with their function
Cervical Vertebrae-The section in the neck from
the skull to the first rib.
Thoracic-extends along the rib cage. Each of
these has a rib attached to each side.
For Your Information: Cattle have 13, Horses have
18, and Pigs have 13-14 dependent on breed.
OBJECTIVE B-Describe types of bones and
connective tissue along with their function
Lumbar-The area of the spinal column from the
last rib to the pelvis. Also referred to as the
loin.
For Your Information: If you have ever judged sheep,
you may have measured this region with your hand.
Animals with a long lumbar region are desirable, as
this is where some of the most valuable cuts of
meat come from.
OBJECTIVE B-Describe types of bones and
connective tissue along with their function
Sacral-Extends through the pelvic area. The bones
in this region are fused together to form a rigid
section called the sacrum- providing an
attachment for the pelvis.
Coccygeal- The vertebrae that continue from the
pelvis to the end of the tail.
For Your Information: The bones at the top of the tail are larger than the bones
at the end. The size tapers until the ones at the end have no channel.
OBJECTIVE B-Describe types of bones and
connective tissue along with their function
Flat Bones:
• are relatively thin and flat
• They usually help to protect organs
• Usually multiple bones fused together
EXAMPLE
Skull- is composed of flat bones.
These bones encase the brain and protect it.
Pelvis-
OBJECTIVE B-Describe types of bones and
connective tissue along with their function
On the Cow Skeleton, color the following:
Red- Long bones
Green- Short bones
Grey- Flat Bones
Irregular Bones:
Purple- Cervical
Pink- Thoracic
Blue- Lumbar
Orange- Sacral
Yellow- Coccygeal
OBJECTIVE C-Classify types of joints in a skeleton
How are joints classified?
OBJECTIVE C-Classify types of joints in a skeleton
Joints are connections of bone in the
animal’s body to make up the skeletal
system.
The connections are held together by bands of tough
tissue called ligaments that bind the bone to the joints.
Ligaments give the joints flexibility and serve as shock
absorbers to protect the ends of bones.
They are classified by the way they move…
OBJECTIVE C-Classify types of joints in a skeleton
Classifications of Joints:
Hinge
Gliding
Ball & Socket
Joint Video Clip
OBJECTIVE C-Classify types of joints in a skeleton
On the Horse Skeleton,
draw a shape around the following joints:
Triangle- Hinge joint
Circle- Ball & Socket joint
Square- Gliding
OBJECTIVE C- Label bones on a skeleton diagram
OBJECTIVE C- Label bones on a skeleton diagram
OBJECTIVE C- Label bones on a skeleton diagram
Bell Quiz
1- What is the definition and purpose of a flat bone?
2- Describe a long bone and give an example.
3- What is the definition of interdependence? Give
an example of 2 interdependent systems.
4- What type of bones give movement and flexibility?
5- What is the name of the vertebrae that are found
in an animal’s loin.