Leadership Summit SWPBIS Implementers Blueprint and Self-Assessment Planning for Sustainability In Partnership with OSEP’s TA Center on Positive Behavior Support Co-Director’s: Rob Horner University of Oregon George Sugai University of Connecticut • www.pbis.org • www.swis.org Training Behavioral Expectations EXPECTATION BE RESPONSIBLE TRAINING SITE Make yourself comfortable & take care of your needs Address question/activity in group time before discussing “other” topics Contribute to the ideas on the Flip Charts around the room Ask questions BE RESPECTFUL Turn cell phones, beepers, and pagers “off” or to “vibrate” Contribute where possible BE PREPARED Follow up on tasks for next training day Take (and Pass) notes (use Action Plan throughout day) Objectives 1. Understand the core components of PBIS as a School Improvement model 2. Review and process the Wisconsin PBIS Readiness and Commitment documents 3. Examine and discuss the major features the PBIS Blueprint for sustainability 4. Reflect and self-assess district status of positive behavior support organizational systems 5. Create priority action steps for follow-up training and technical assistance 6. Contribute and steal from the group: Flip Charts 1. Core Components: RtI/PBIS Common Core Elements “Responsiveness-to-Intervention” (RtI) is an approach …for establishing and redesigning teaching and learning environments so that they are effective, efficient, relevant, and durable for all students, families, and educators. RtI is an “over-arching” framework and logic …for organizing and increasing the efficiency with which evidence-based practices are selected, organized, integrated, implemented, and adapted. Consideration is given to multiple tiers of support - increasing support to groups and individuals until desired student outcome (response) is achieved. SWPBS is an example of RtI implementation with an emphasis on the school-wide social behavior curriculum of classrooms and schools. RTI is shaped by seven defining characteristics Brown-Chidsey & Steege, 2005; Christ, Burns, & Ysseldyke, 2005; Fuchs & Deschler, 2007; Fuchs & Fuchs, 2007; Fuchs, Mock, Morgan, & Young, 2003; Gresham, 2005; Gresham et al., 2005; Kame’enui, 2007; National Association of State Directors of Special Education, 2006; Severson, Walker, Hope-Doolittle, Kratochwill, & Gresham, 2007; Sugai, 2007 PBIS Basics Why do we need a district-wide approach to address behavior needs? Proactive district-wide discipline systems help to establish a learning culture within which both social and academic success is more likely. Schools face a set of difficult challenges today when dealing with behavioral needs Multiple expectations (Academic accomplishment, Social competence, Safety) Students arrive at school with widely differing understandings of what is socially acceptable. Traditional “get tough” and “zero tolerance” approaches are insufficient. Faculty come with divergent visions of effective discipline MOST EFFECTIVE TRENDS IN SCHOOL DISCIPLINE PRACTICES • • • • • Proactive school-wide discipline systems Social skills instruction Academic/curricular restructuring Behaviorally based interventions Early screening & identification of antisocial behavior patterns (Biglan, 1995; Gottfredson, 1997; Colvin, et al., 1993; Lipsey, 1991, 1992; Mayer, 1995; Sugai & Horner, 1994; Tolan & Guerra, 1994; Walker, et al., 1995; Walker, et al., 1996) What is District-wide Positive Behavior Interventions and Supports (SW-PBIS)? “PBIS is a broad range of proactive, systemic and individualized strategies for achieving important social and learning outcomes in safe and effective environments while preventing problem behavior with all students” (Sugai 2007) What has research shown for schools implementing PBIS? • Creates learning environments that proactively deal with behaviors. • Improves support for students with specialized behavioral needs. • Maximizes on-task behavior and increases learning time for all students. Positive Behavior Support Social Competence & Academic Achievement OUTCOMES Supporting Decision Making Supporting Staff Behavior Adapted from “What is a systems Approach in school-wide PBS?” OSEP Technical Assistance on Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports. Accessed at http://www. Pbis.org/schoolwide.htm ٭ PRACTICES Supporting Student Behavior Data Collection • PBIS recommends the ability to isolate and analyze the following five data points: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Referrals by Problem Behavior, Referrals by Location, Referrals by Time, Referrals by Student, and Average referrals by Day and by Month Improving Decision-Making From Problem Solution We have data but don’t know what to do with it Improving Decision-Making To Problem Problem Solving Solution Information/ Data Action Planning & Evaluation Supporting Student Behavior – Universal (Tier 1) instruction support for all district learners – Targeted (Tier 2) interventions for areas of need determined from data analysis – Individualized (Tier 3) supports required for individual students with high-needs or specific situations. SCHOOL-WIDE POSITIVE BEHAVIOR SUPPORT ~5% ~15% Primary Prevention: School-/ClassroomWide Systems for All Students, Staff, & Settings ~80% of Students 27 Tertiary Prevention: Specialized Individualized Systems for Students with High-Risk Behavior Secondary Prevention: Specialized Group Systems for Students with At-Risk Behavior Supporting Staff Behavior • Reduce teacher stress • Increase teacher efficacy in teaching replacement behaviors • Support teachers in designing classroom management systems Six Key Elements of PBIS 1. Define, teach and acknowledge positive behaviors. 2. On-going collection and use of data for decision-making regarding implementation of systems that support effective practices. 3. Continuum of Universal/Tier 1supports, Secondary/Tier 2 interventions, and Tertiary/Tier 3 individualized supports. Six Elements (cont.) 4. Implement evidenced-based behavioral practices with fidelity and accountability 5. Arrange the environment to prevent the development and occurrence of problem behavior 6. Screen universally and monitor student performance and progress continually. PBIS TRACK RECORD • Highly successful in many other states • Many excellent resources available free on-line • Interest in Wisconsin schools is growing exponentially • DPI acting to respond to this interest & need Current Status Nationally • Main Messages: – SWPBIS is possible (over 13,000 schools) – SWPBIS is effective at (a) reducing problem behavior, (b) improving academic achievement, and (c) improving perceived faculty effectiveness – Coaching is critical to (a) implementation with fidelity and (b) sustained use of SWPBIS 0 Wyoming Wisconsin West Virginia Washington DC Washington State Virginia Vermont Utah* Texas Tennessee South Dakota South Carolina* Rhode Island Pennsylvania Oregon* Oklahoma Ohio North Dakota* North Carolina* New York New Mexico 1200 New Jersey* New Hampshire Nevada Nebraska Montana* Missouri* Mississippi Minnesota Michigan Massachusetts Maryland* Maine Louisiana* Kentucky Kansas* Iowa* Indiana Illinois Idaho Hawaii Georgia Florida* Delaware Connecticut Colorado* California Arkansas Arizona Alaska Alabama 1400 SWPBIS in 13,331 schools 8/10’ Wisconsin Illinois 1000 800 600 400 200 Likely Outcomes The following are examples of some of the progress made in Illinois and Wisconsin schools that have implemented PBIS. Eisenhower Jr. High, Schaumburg IL. School District 54: Suspensions & Expulsions Across Two Years 50 Number of Events 45 40 43 35 30 25 20 22 16 15 10 7 5 0 2 0 2007-08 2006-07 In-School Out-of-School Expulsions Townsend Street Elementary School, MPS 100% 700 600 Number of Office Discipline Referrals Overall Percentage on Fidelity Tool 90% 80% 500 70% 60% 400 ODR 50% 300 40% 30% 200 20% 100 10% 0% 0 2008-09 Fall 2009 Spring 2010 2009-10 SAS TIC Foreman High School Office Discipline Referrals by Month by Year # ODR per day per month per 100 students per average daily enrollment 1 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 2005-2006 2006-2007 2007-2008 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 Sept Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Months March April May June Teacher Student Administrator Referrals 5 minutes 20 minutes 10 minutes In-School Suspensions 5 minutes 6 hours 20 minutes Out-of-School Suspensions 5 minutes 6 hours 45 minutes Barrett and Swindell 2002 ODRs Administrator 12,790 Minutes 213 Hours Student 1,443 referrals 294 students In-School Out-ofSuspensions School Suspensions 2,040 Minutes 34 Hours 3,735 Minutes 62 Hours 1,770 Hours 295 school days 1,464 Hours 244 school days 2. District Commitments • High priority in District Improvement Plans • 3-5 year commitment • Continuation of the district leadership team • Ongoing staff development • Allocation of resources Building Commitments • Establish and maintain building PBIS team. • Identify building coaches • Training for and implementation by all staff • Effectively use student information systems PBIS APPROACH WORKS! • Data driven building decision-making • Clear expectations that are universally known • Focuses on positive interaction and acknowledges appropriate behavior. • Proactive rather than reactive • Supports a positive learning environment • Delivers results A View of SWPBIS in Wisconsin • Themes: – Child as the unit of impact, School as the unit of implementation, District as the unit of coordination. – Use data for continuous improvement, cultural fit, sustainability. • Are we doing what we said we would do? • Is what we are doing benefiting children? – Build the systems needed to support effective practices. • Never train school teams without also training the Trainers, Coaches and Evaluators who will make the practices endure At Your Table In One Sentence, tell us what PBIS IS… PBIS IS NOT… Folder Review: Getting Started • • • • • District Readiness Checklist School Readiness Checklist Getting Started Flowchart Commitment for Success Agreement District/Building Data Audit These documents have been created to support districts in the process of getting started with sustainability in mind. Addressing Ethnic Disproportionality: IPA Article • Promising effect on disproportional use of punitive discipline practices • Proactive rather than reactive approach to discipline • Practices employed by staff and students to reduce over-reliance on punitive discipline practices • Outcome data from multiple schools • Probe: What is your district/school data? Jigsaw (Get Smart – then Teach) • • Table members count off 1 – 6 Your number is the number of the feature you will read and converse about – – – – – – – 1. Introduction 2. PBIS Framework 3. History 4. PBIS and Outcomes Related… 5. From the Field 6. Summary and Future All read conclusion Share your information with your group Digging Deeper Information and discussion facilitated by Justyn Poulos WI PBIS Network Coordinator Slides provided by Kent Smith PBIS District Coordinator, WI PBIS Network Eau Claire Area School District (WI) PBIS National Forum Presentation 2010 Harms of Exclusionary Discipline Out-of-school youth are more likely to: Drop out of school Be retained a grade Engage in delinquent behavior Become a parenting teen Become involved in the juvenile and criminal justice systems Health Risk Behaviors among Adolescents Who Do and Do Not Attend School – United States, 1992, 43 Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, GA), Mar. 4, 1994 at 129, http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00025174.htm. Harms of Exclusionary Discipline Schoolwide effects: Lower scores on standardized tests Greater teacher dissatisfaction No proven gains in safety Russell Skiba et al., American Psychological Association Zero Tolerance Task Force, Are Zero Tolerance Policies Effective in the Schools? An Evidentiary Review and Recommendations (2006), http://www.apa.org/releases/ZTTFReportBODRevisions5-15.pdf. Racial Disproportionality in Discipline • 2006 Projections from US Dep’t of Ed.: African-American students nearly 3 times as likely to be suspended and 3.5 times as likely to be expelled as white peers. Latino students 1.5 times as likely to be suspended and twice as likely to be expelled as white peers. http://ocrdata.ed.gov How Do We Create Change? • • • • Look at the data Make meaning of the data Develop an intervention Evaluate Eau Claire Area School District Background • Enrollment of approximately 10,500 students; 1500 staff (full and part time) • 92% white • 38% economically disadvantaged • Identified in 2006 as Significantly Disproportionate in Special Education – Black boys in EBD – Native American and Hispanic in SLD – Boys for behavior in EC4T What does it look like? • Assume nothing, teach everything • Encourage counter story and student voice • Acknowledge and discuss the role of whiteness and race in current practice • Use of data to evaluate systems and practice regarding disproportionate representation • Make race and data consideration part of “business as usual” 3. Implementation Features 4. Self Assessment SWPBS Implementers’ Blueprint Elements OSEP Center on PBIS Feature #1 District level PBIS implementation Leadership Team Leadership Team • Team is configured to address district leadership and coordination. • Team is established with representation from appropriate range of stakeholders (special education, general education, families, mental health, administration, etc.). • Team completes self-assessment at least annually. • Team completes a 3-5 year prevention-based action plan. • Team establishes quarterly meeting schedule & meeting process (agenda, minutes, dissemination). • Team has established individuals with adequate & designated time to manage day-to-day operations. • Team has established individuals who put policy & action planning into practice. Reflect and Self-Assess Team Members Does your district have a PBIS District Leadership Team? Who are the team members? Self-Assessment Has your PBIS District Leadership Team completed a SWPBS selfassessment within the past year? Action Plan Has your PBIS District Leadership Team completed a PBIS action plan based on the self-assessment within the past year? Meeting Schedule & Process Does your PBIS District Leadership Team meet quarterly or is PBIS a standing item on another District Leadership Team meeting agenda? Do agenda items reflect progress monitoring of action plan goals? Feature #2 District level PBIS implementation Funding Funding • Recurring/stable state funding sources are established to support operating structures & capacity activities for at least three years. • Funding & organizational resources across related initiatives are assessed & integrated. Reflect and Self-Assess Has your district identified any 3-5 year funding sources for PBIS? Has your District Leadership Team examined ways to blend funding and resources for related initiatives? Feature #3 District level PBIS implementation Visibility 59 Visibility • Dissemination strategies are identified and implemented to ensure that stakeholders are informed about activities and accomplishments. (e.g., website, newsletter, conferences, TV). • Procedures are established for quarterly & public acknowledgement of implementation activities that meet criteria. Reflect and Self-Assess Identify Activities and Accomplishments What are the priority activities and accomplishments of the implementation of positive behavior support systems in your district to be highlighted? Which outcomes can be displayed by the collection and display of data? Determine Strategies for Informing Stakeholders Have stakeholders (legislators, school board members, parent groups, etc.) been regularly informed about PBIS activities and accomplishments through: – – – – Websites Newsletters Presentations Media Feature #4 District level PBIS implementation Political Support Political Support • Student social behavior is one of the top three to five goals for the district. • Leadership Team reports to the political unit at least annually on the activities and outcomes related to student behavior goal & SWPBS implementation. • Participation & support by administrators are agreed upon & secured. Reflect and Self-Assess PBIS Goal Is student social behavior identified as one of the top district goals for school improvement? Annual Report on progress Has the PBIS District Leadership Team made an annual report or presentation to the school board about PBIS activities and outcomes? Administrator support Are district administrative leaders and/or Illinois PBIS Network Coordinator active members of the PBIS District Leadership Team? Feature #5 District level PBIS implementation Policy Policy • SWPBS policy statement developed and endorsed. • Procedural guidelines & working agreements have been written & referenced for implementation decision-making. • Implementation data & outcomes are reviewed semi-annually to refine policy. • Audit of effectiveness, relevance, & implementation integrity of existing related (similar outcomes) initiatives, programs, etc. is conducted annually to refine policy, • Action plan developed for integrated and/or collaborative implementation of SWPBS with other initiatives, programs, mandates, etc. that have similar goals, participants, implementers, and expected outcomes. Reflect and Self-Assess Has the Leadership Team developed and endorsed a policy statement to guide and focus the SWPBS initiative? Does the policy statement delineate necessary requirements? Are implementation and outcome information used to refine policy statement? Has an audit of existing related initiatives been conducted annually? Has an action plan been developed for integrated implementation of SWPBS with other initiatives? Feature #6 District level PBIS implementation Training Capacity Training Capacity • Leadership Team gives priority to identification & adoption of evidence-based training curriculum & professional development practices. • Leadership Team has established local training capacity to build & sustain SWPBS practices. • Leadership Team has established plan for continuous regeneration & updating of training capacity. Reflect and Self-Assess Has your PBIS Leadership Team identified & adopted evidence-based training curriculum & professional development practices? Has your PBIS Leadership Team developed in-district trainers to build and sustain school-wide PBIS practices? Has your PBIS Leadership Team developed a plan for updating training? Feature #7 District level PBIS implementation Coaching Capacity Coaching Capacity Recruitment and Selection: Who is qualified to carry out the evidencebased practice or program? What are the methods for recruiting and selecting practitioners with those characteristics? Training: Practitioners (and others) at a PBIS site need to learn when, where, how, and with whom, to use new approaches and new skills. Coaching Capacity Consultation and Coaching: A coach provides “craft” information along with advice, encouragement, and opportunities to practice and use skills specific to the innovation Staff Performance Assessment: Assessments of practitioner performance and measures of fidelity Decision Support Data Systems: Quality improvement information, organizational fidelity measures, consumer outcomes assess key aspects of the overall performance of the organization and provide data for decision making Going to Scale with Effective Systems/Practices If you invest, do it so it will last 10 years! • • • • • • • Implement with high fidelity Must be durable Must be sustained (in place 5 years) Delivered by typical agents Outcome data used to adapt Modify to local setting Establish system 74 Coaching Capacity • Leadership Team has developed a coaching network that establishes & sustains SWPBS. • Individuals are available to provide coaching & facilitation supports at least monthly with emerging school teams & at least quarterly with established teams. • Coaching functions are identified & established for internal & external coaching supports. Reflect and Self-Assess Is a coaching network established that supports school team implementation of SWPBS? Is coaching support available at least monthly with each emerging school team and at least quarterly with established teams? Have internal and external coaching supports been established? Feature #8 District level PBIS implementation Evaluation Content Area Understanding Process and Impact Evaluation for all Tiers 78 Process Measures • Provide an overview of team and coach activities • Assist in identifying critical features for successful implementation and change • Measures included: • • • • Team checklist Benchmarks of Quality Coach self-assessment Phases of Implementation (National – coming soon) 79 Impact Measures • Indicate change in staff perceptions and staff behavior, and • Change in student behavior • Measures include: • • • • • • Staff ratings of intervention effectiveness SAS/EBS Survey Benchmarks of Quality (BoQ) Benchmarks of Advanced Tiers (MAT) Academic and Discipline data EE Data 80 Audit of Continuous School Improvement Data Buildings and Districts Already Collect: • Total Enrollment over time • Enrollment by Ethnicity • Number of students with IEP and consideration of % or Ethnic groups with IEP/ • Education Environment • Retention • Graduation Rates • State Academic Testing • National Test Scores/ Curriculum Based Measures • In-School Suspension • Out of School Suspension • Expulsions • Absentees • Teacher Statistics 81 Evaluation • Leadership has developed evaluation process & schedule for assessing (a) extent to which teams are using SWPBS, (b) impact of SWPBS on student outcomes, and (c) extent to which the leadership team’s action plan is implemented. • School-based information systems (e.g., data collection tools & evaluation processes) are in place. • District level procedures & supports are in place for system level evaluation. • Annual report of implementation integrity & outcomes is disseminated. • At least quarterly dissemination, celebration, and acknowledgement of outcomes and accomplishments. Reflect and Self-Assess Evaluation Process Is the PBIS District Leadership Team regularly assessing – – – team processes impact of School-wide PBS on student outcomes extent to which leadership team’s action plan is implemented by completing and using for decision making: Team and Systems Processes – TIC, BoQ, SAS, SSS, PoI, School Profile Form, MAP Student Outcomes – Academic Data, Discipline Data, Special Education Data Leadership Team – PBS Self-Assessment and Action Plan School-based information systems Are data collection tools & evaluation processes in place? – SWIS or comparable system District level evaluation Are procedures and supports in place to collect, summarize, analyze, and report multiple levels of information? Annual Report Does the District Leadership Team have a strategy for annual and formal dissemination of key outcomes? Dissemination, Celebration, Acknowledgment of Outcomes Does the PBIS District Leadership Team disseminate, celebrate and acknowledge outcomes and accomplishments on a quarterly basis? Feature #9 District level PBIS implementation Behavioral Expertise Positive Behavior Interventions & Supports: A Response to Intervention (RtI) Model Tier 1/Universal School-Wide Assessment School-Wide Prevention Systems Tier 2/ Secondary ODRs, Attendance, Tardies, Grades, DIBELS, etc. Social/Academic Instructional Groups (SAIG) Daily Progress Report (DPR) Tier 3/ Tertiary (Behavior and Academic Goals) Competing Behavior Pathway, Functional Assessment Interview, Scatter Plots, etc. Illinois PBIS Network, Revised October 2009 Adapted from T. Scott, 2004 Check-in/ Checkout (CICO) SIMEO Tools: HSC-T, RD-T, EI-T Group Intervention with Individualized Feature (e.g., Check and Connect -CnC and Mentoring) Brief Functional Behavior Assessment/ Behavior Intervention Planning (FBA/BIP) Complex or Multiple-domain FBA/BIP Wraparound 3-Tiered System of Support Necessary Conversations (Teams) Universal Team Secondary Systems Team Problem Solving Team Tertiary Systems Team Plans SW & Class-wide supports Uses Process data; determines overall intervention effectiveness Standing team; uses FBA/BIP process for one youth at a time Uses Process data; determines overall intervention effectiveness Universal Support CICO Brief SAIG Group w. individual feature Brief FBA/BIP Sept. 1, 2009 FBA/ BIP Complex FBA/BIP WRAP Interventions 1. Check-In/Check Out (CICO) 2. Social/Academic Instructional Groups (SAIG) 3. Group intervention with Individualized Feature: (Check and Connect- (CnC) a strategy to provide support to Tier 2 students; and Mentoring 4. Brief Functionla Behavior Assessment/Behavior Intervention Planning (FBA/BIP) 5. Complex or Multiple-domain FBA/BIP: A function-based support plan across settings ( e.g. home, school, and/or community) 6. Wraparound: A complex and comprehensive plan addressing multiple life domain issues across home, school ,and community (e.g. basic needs, MH treatment, behavior/academic interventions) as well as multiple behaviors. Assessments 1. Office Disciplne Refferals (ODRs): Attendance, tardies, grades, DIBELS, etc. 2. Daily Progress Report (DPR): Behavior and Academic Goals 3. Competeing Behavior Pathway,Functional Assessment Inter 4. Complex function-based behavior support plan across settings (e.g. FBA/BIP home and school and/or community) 5. Wraparound: More complex and comprehensive plan that addresses multiple life domain issues across home, school and community (e.g. basic needs, MH treatment, behavior/academic interventions) as well as multiple behaviors Illinois PBIS Network, Revised May 15, 2008 Behavioral Expertise • At least 2 individuals on leadership team have behavioral expertise and experience to ensure implementation integrity of SWPBS practices and systems at 3 levels: (a) training, (b) coaching, & (c) evaluation. • Individuals with behavioral expertise have SWPBS content competence. • The interaction & relationship between effective academic instruction and school-wide behavior support are visible & promoted. • SWPBS behavioral expertise includes fluency with the process & organizational strategies that support & enhance the use of evidence-based behavioral practices. Reflect and Self-Assess Are there at least 2 individuals on the leadership team with behavioral expertise & experience and SWPBS content competence? Are interactions & relationships between effective academic instruction and school-wide behavior support are visible & promoted? Do individuals with behavioral expertise have capacity to support implementation of evidence-based behavioral practices? Feature #10 District level PBIS implementation School/District Demonstrations Demonstrations • Some schools have adopted SWPBS, and can be used as local demonstrations of process and outcomes. Reflect and Self-Assess Has a district demonstration school(s) been identified that can serve as a training resource(s) and model(s) for future teams? 5. Action Plan • As a team review your self-assessment • Action Plan for any area that is not inplace – resource flip charts as needed • Prioritize the plan • Develop timeline and responsibility document • Plan next meeting for follow up www.pbis.org www.wisconsinpbisnetwork.org www.pbssurveys.org www.swis.org Break and Lunch Networking: Keys to Leadership • 8 flip charts are posted with titles • Form small groups at each flip chart at breaks and lunch • Take 3-5 minutes to resource your ideas • Move clockwise around to next flip chart • Read current thoughts, add more • Continue until 8 charts are visited • Leaders will be selected to review the flipcharts 96 Lunch Networking Keys to Leadership • Discuss ideas your team wants to incorporate and capture those ideas on your District Action Plan form. 97 Not incorporated as of yet… • Budget planning • Blending/Braiding