Unit 1, Lesson 3

 The New England colonies were largely settled for religious reasons.
 Following the English Civil War, the Middle and Southern colonies were settled.

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Puritans- wanted to “ purify ” the Anglican Church through reform
Separatists- decided the Anglican Church was too corrupt to be reformed and left England
Pilgrims- this group of Separatists sailed to America in 1620

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On the Mayflower , the Pilgrims and others sailed for Virginia but landed at what is now Massachusetts
The colonists signed the Mayflower Compact, agreeing to establish a government ruled by majority
The colonists formed Plymouth (1620), led by William Bradford

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Plymouth suffered from a plague that left only 50 alive
The colonists also struggled to grow food in the cold and rocky environment
Squanto, from the Wampanoag tribe, taught colonists how to grow food
In 1621, the Wampanoag and colonists celebrated a successful harvest (basis for Thanksgiving)

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In 1630, Puritans (non-
Separatist) left England to escape persecution
They formed
Massachusetts Bay
Company and left for
America, led by John
Winthrop
Winthrop wanted the colony to be a Christian model for the world, calling it a “ city upon a hill
”

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Great Puritan
Migration- over
20,000 Puritans left
England for America
Eventually (1691),
Plymouth was absorbed into the much larger
Massachusetts Bay colony
Boston became a major city and eventually the beginning point of the
American Revolution

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The General Court and churches were governed separately but were closely related
The General Court passed laws regulating moral behavior and supporting churches with taxes
Churches were governed by “ church members ” who had had “ conversion experiences
”

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Puritans had no tolerance for heretics, (people who disagreed with the church)
Roger Williams was banished from
Massachusetts for heresy
Williams helped establish
Rhode Island, where he allowed religious freedom
Anne Hutchinson was also banished when she challenged the authority of
Puritan leaders

 The land above
Massachusetts was split into New Hampshire and Maine
 New Hampshire became a royal colony
 Maine was considered part of Massachusetts until 1820

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Thomas Hooker founded Connecticut so non-church members could participate in government too
Fundamental Orders of
Connecticutfirst written Constitution in America

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Overall, these northern colonies (future states) became known as
“
New
England ”
The Wampanoag and
New Englanders initially got along through trading for furs
Over time, New
Englanders wanted more land and wanted the
Wampanoag to adopt
English laws, customs, and Christianity

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Tension peaked with the outbreak of King Philip
’ s War in
1675
The Wampanoag were led by
“ King Philip ” (Metacomet)
The colonists killed King Philip and destroyed many Indian villages
King Philip
’ s War represented the last major stand of Indians against New Englanders
How did Chesapeake and New
England colonists compare in their relationships with American
Indians?

New England in 1650

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The Middle Colonies are Settled:
The Dutch (Netherlands) settled the area between
England
’ s New England and Chesapeake colonies
Henry Hudson explored the region that the Dutch claimed as “ New Netherland ”
The main settlement, on Manhattan Island, was called
“ New Amsterdam ”

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The English Civil War had disrupted English settlement in America
Following its Civil War,
England used its superior military to easily take New
Netherland from the
Dutch
New Netherland became
“ New York ” and New
Amsterdam became
“
New York City
”
New York City, like
Boston, became a major trading area
New York

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A religious group arose in England known as the Quakers (Society of
Friends)
Quakers were pacifist
(anti-violence) and believed in religious toleration
Quakers thought everyone had an “ inner light ” and believed all sexes and races were equal

 The English king granted William Penn, a Quaker, land in America that became Pennsylvania
 Pennsylvania had complete religious and political freedom and Philadelphia was the capital
 Pennsylvanians respected Indians and coexisted with them peacefully (unlike most English colonies)
 A wider variety of European immigrants came to
Pennsylvania than any other colony
 Quakers in Pennsylvania

 Carolina:
 Carolina was established as a single colony but developed into two separate regions

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Had good harbors and wealthy port cities (like
Charles Town)
The slave trade flourished here

 Bad harbors, contained many poor farmers and few slaves
 Independentminded people moved in from
Virginia and
South Carolina

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Georgia was settled as a refuge for England
’ s poor people
Slavery and alcohol were initially banned
Georgia was a
“ buffer colony ” between English colonies and
Spanish-owned
Florida