Economy and Development
Characteristics of trade networks
What were the main economic activities practiced by Native peoples ?
Economic activities practiced by Native peoples:
• hunting,
• fishing,
• gathering,
• agriculture
2
Where in Canada did Native trade networks exist?
Throughout Canada
Horguelin, C., Ladouceur, M., Lord, F. and Rose, F. (2011).
Panoramas. Montreal: Graficor.
3
What caused Amerindians to adopt either a nomadic lifestyle or a sedentary
lifestyle?
Effects of economic activities on the organization of the society
and the territory
• the practice of hunting caused a nomadic lifestyle
• the practice of farming caused a sedentary lifestyle
Fortin, S., Ladouceur, M., Larose, S., & Rose, F. (2009).
Panoramas. Montreal: Graficor.
Charette, J., Daniel, M., Dujardin, L. and Vigneault, P.
(2009). A Question of History. Anjou: CEC.
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European fishing grounds
Identify the economic activity that brought Europeans to the shores of North
America.
Fishing
Horguelin, C., Ladouceur, M., Lord, F. and Rose, F. (2011).
Panoramas. Montreal: Graficor.
5
First contacts
Under what circumstances did the French and Amerindians first make contact.
Identify the effects on the Amerindians from this contact
Fishers drying cod on the shores of the Gulf of St. Lawrence met Amerindian hunters.
Amerindians trades goods with the Europeans.
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Organization of the economy in New France
What is the goal of mercantilism?
What is the role of the colony under mercantilism? and explain how this economic
policy works
Mercantilism, to enrich the mother country
• accumulation of precious metals,
• exploitation of its colonies’ resources
Role of colony under mercantilism:
• export raw materials to the mother country,
• purchase manufactured goods from the mother country
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What kind of trade is demonstrated in the document?
Triangular trade
Horguelin, C., Ladouceur, M., Lord, F. and Rose, F. (2011).
Panoramas. Montreal: Graficor.
8
Economy based on fur
Characterize the roles of the Amerindians and the coureur des bois during the
French regime.
• Amerindians hunted animals and processed pelts,
• coureurs des bois brought furs to a trading post
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Effects on the organization of the society and of the territory
Explain the effects of the fur trade Native nations.
• commercial rivalry,
• wars
Horguelin, C., Ladouceur, M., Lord, F. and Rose, F. (2011).
Panoramas. Montreal: Graficor.
10
Identify the secondary sector activities that occurred in New France.
• brewing beer,
• grinding grain,
• manufacturing canvas and rigging
• wig-making,
• construction of casks and metal objects
• carpentry,
• masonry,
• hat making
Horguelin, C., Ladouceur, M., Lord, F. and Rose, F. (2011).
Panoramas. Montreal: Graficor.
www.mccord-museum.qc.ca
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Economy based on fur
Identify the two major fur trading companies in BNA after the Conquest.
Hudson’s Bay Company and the Northwest Company
12
What are the effects of the transfer of the fur trade to British companies?
•Arrival of British merchants,
•Hiring of Canadiens as voyageurs for the Northwest Company
13
Decline of the fur trade
What caused the decline of the fur trade in the early 19th century?
• increasingly remote trading territories,
• increased operating costs
14
At the beginning of the 19th century, which industry replaced fur as the main
exporting product?
Which country financed this industry?
Who worked in this industry?
Fur trade
Britain
French Canadians and Irish immigrants
15
Which factors that contributed to the development of the
timber trade?
•Continental blockade by Napoleon,
•Construction of warships,
•Establishment of preferential tariffs by Great Britain
Map of contreband routes at the time of the Continental Blockade.
N.p., n.d. Web. 14 May 2014.
16
Which regions were colonized as a result of the timber trade?
Mauricie
Saguenay
Outaouiais
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Agriculture
Identify the agricultural crops in Lower Canada in the early 19th century.
wheat,
oats,
potatoes
www.mccord-museum.qc.ca
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Decline of wheat production in Lower Canada
What changes did farmers experience as a result of these problemsÉ
Settling in new colonization regions
Moving to cities
Emigrating to the United States
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Effects of economic activity on transportation development
Which new means of transportation was established in the first half of the
19th century?
canals,
railways
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Economic policies
What is the difference between protectionism and free trade?
Protectionism: policy designed to protect the economy against foreign competition
Free trade: free circulation of merchandise, with no customs barriers to trade
Horguelin, C., Ladouceur, M., Lord, F. and Rose, F. (2011).
Panoramas. Montreal: Graficor.
21
Industrial development
First phases of industrialization
Provide details on each of the points below and establish the connections between
them.
•manufacturing
•unionization
•working conditions
Work in the factories was difficult, therefore workers
made demands, formed unions and went on strike.
This improved the working conditions.
www.glogster.com
22
Identify the phenomenon that the document below refers to.
Urbanization
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Living and working conditions
Describe the living conditions in working-class neighbourhoods in the late 19th century.
Describe the working conditions in
Factories in the late 19th century.
•unhygienic conditions,
•unhealthy housing,
•pollution
•crowding leading to health problems
•six-day workweek of 60 to 70 hours;
•women and children paid less than men
www2.needham.k12.ma.us
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Economic developments in the mid-19th century
After the non-renewal of the Reciprocity Treaty, it was decided to create a
domestic market by uniting the BNA colonies. What was this called?
Confederation
www.civilization.ca
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Second phases of industrialization
How was the second phase of industrialization different from the first?
Which industrial sectors were developed?
Which country financed this
development?
•hydroelectricity,
•metallurgy, mining
•pulp and paper
United States
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Agriculture
Put the following agricultural changes
in chronological order:
•improved access to international markets
•introduction of production quotas
•use of farm machinery
•creation of agricultural cooperatives
•use of farm machinery (early 19C)
•creation of agricultural cooperatives (1940s)
•introduction of production quotas (1960-1980)
•improved access to international markets (1980s)
Horguelin, C., Ladouceur, M., Lord, F. and Rose, F. (2011).
Panoramas. Montreal: Graficor.
27
The war industry
Identify the factors that contributed to the industrial development during the
Second World War.
What were the effects of the war industry
on industrial production?
•demand for military supplies,
•need for food in Europe
•increased production in the steel,
•transportation and chemical sectors;
•increase in the number of working women
Horguelin, C., Ladouceur, M., Lord, F. and Rose, F. (2011).
Panoramas. Montreal: Graficor.
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Put the following economic developments in chronological order.
B
C
A
•factory production
•Crown corporations
•less prim. & sec. sectors
•regional devt plans
•increased high-tech sector •mineral production
•petrochemical industry
•hydroelectric dams
•worldwide competition
B, 1945-1960
C, 1960-1980
A, 1980-2000
Horguelin, C., Ladouceur, M., Lord, F. and Rose, F. (2011).
Panoramas. Montreal: Graficor.
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