Cell Structure
& Function
Cell Theory
• All living things are made up of cells.
• Cells are the smallest working units of all
living things.
• All cells come from preexisting cells
through cell division.
Definition of Cell
A cell is the smallest unit that is
capable of performing life
functions.
Examples of Cells
Amoeba Proteus
Plant Stem
Bacteria
Red Blood Cell
Nerve Cell
Two Types of Cells
•Prokaryotic
•Eukaryotic
Prokaryotic
• Do not have a
nucleus
http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/prokaryotic_cells.html
Eukaryotic
• Have a nucleus (DNA contained in nucleus)
• More complex that prokaryotes
Plant
http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/eukaryotic_cells.html
Animal
“Typical” Animal Cell
http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~acarpi/NSC/images/cell.gif
“Typical” Plant Cell
http://waynesword.palomar.edu/images/plant3.gif
Cell Parts
Organelles
Surrounding the Cell
Cell Membrane
• Outer membrane of cell
that controls movement
in and out of the cell
• Double layer
• Found in animal cells
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Cell Wall
• Most commonly found
in plant cells &
bacteria
• Supports & protects
cells
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Inside the Cell
Nucleus
• Directs cell activities (Capital)
• Contains genetic material – DNA (so it can
reproduce). This is contained in things
known as Chromosomes
Cytoplasm
• Gel-like mixture
– This is the gelatin-like material where all the
organelles are located.
• Surrounded by cell membrane/cell wall
Mitochondria
• These are the power
houses of the cell. (Power
Plant)
– These are organelles
that use oxygen to get
energy from processing
food.
– This organelle provides
the cell with the energy it
needs to do its job
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Ribosomes
• Each cell contains
thousands.
(Construction
Workers)
• Make proteins (which
is what the cell is
made up of)
– Found on
Endoplasmic
Reticulum & floating
throughout the cell
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Transport Systems in Cell
Endoplasmic Reticulum
• Moves materials around
in cell. (Highway)
• Smooth type: lacks
ribosomes
• Rough type (pictured):
ribosomes embedded in
surface
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Golgi Bodies
• Protein 'packaging
plant‘ Alters proteins
into usable forms for
the cell. (Post Office)
• Also moves materials
within the cell
• Also moves materials
out of the cell
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Lysosome
• Breaks down and
transports undigested
material to cell
membrane for removal.
(Trash Removal)
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Vacuoles
• Membrane-bound
sacs for storage,
digestion, and waste
removal. (Storage)
• Contains water
solution
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Plant Cells Only
Central Vacuole
• Is a large Vacuole in
the middle of the cell.
Plants do not typically
have more than one
vacuole.
• Help plants maintain
shape
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Central Vacuole
• Is a large Vacuole in
the middle of the cell.
Plants do not typically
have more than one
vacuole.
• Help plants maintain
shape
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Chloroplast
• Usually found in plant
cells
• Contains green
chlorophyll
• Where
photosynthesis takes
place
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o1GQyc
iJaTA
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X6N82
No4Nz8
Questions
• 15.2 Section Questions 1-5
• Draw, Color, and Label and Describe the
function of a plant and an animal cell.