Cell Structure
& Function
http://koning.ecsu.ctstateu.edu/cell/cell.html
Definition of Cell
A cell is the smallest unit of
structure in all living things.
Cell Theory
• All living things are made of cells.
• All cells come from preexisting cells
through cell division.
Examples of Cells
Amoeba Proteus
Plant Stem
Bacteria
Red Blood Cell
Nerve Cell
Cell Organization
Cell
Tissue
Organ (heart)
Cell Organization (continued)
Organ system
(circulatory system)
 Organism
(Human)
Two Types of Cells
•Prokaryotic
•Eukaryotic
Prokaryotic Cells
• No membranebound
organelles/structur
es
• Do not have a true
nucleus
• One-celled
organisms,
Bacteria
http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/prokaryotic_cells.html
Eukaryotic Cells
• Contain organelles surrounded by membranes
• Has a nucleus
• Most living organisms
Plant
http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/eukaryotic_cells.html
Animal
Cell Parts
AKA Organelles
Inside the Cell
Nucleus
• Directs cell activities
• Contains genetic material –
Chromosomes/DNA
Nucleolus
• Inside nucleus
• Contains RNA to build
proteins
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Cytoplasm
• Gel-like mixture in the cell
Mitochondria
• Produces energy through
chemical reactions –
breaking down fats & carbs
• “Powerhouse” of the cell
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Surrounding the Cell:
Cell Membrane
• Allows movement in and
out of the cell
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Cell Membrane Cont.
• Passive Transport:
• Active Transport:
– Requires NO energy
– Requires energy
– Diffusion: substance
move through the
membrane
– Osmosis: movement
of water from HIGH
LOW concentration
– Moves from LOW
HIGH concentration
(that’s why it takes
energy!)
Endoplasmic Reticulum
• Moves materials around
in cell
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Ribosomes
• Make proteins
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Vacuoles
• Membrane-bound
sacs for storage,
digestion, and waste
removal
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Surrounding the Cell:
Cell Wall
Found in plant cells/bacteria
• Shapes, supports &
protects cells
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Chloroplast
Found only in plant cells
*Green Chlorophyll=
Makes plant food/
photosynthesis
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Golgi Bodies
• Moves Protein
within/out of the cell
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Lysosome
Found mainly in animal cells
• Digestive functions for
proteins, fats, and
carbohydrates
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
“Typical” Animal Cell
http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~acarpi/NSC/images/cell.gif
“Typical” Plant Cell
http://waynesword.palomar.edu/images/plant3.gif
Cellular Rap
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zafJKbMPA8