Warm Up
1. Name as many of the types of inheritance you
can remember from Friday.
2. What are the different blood types a person can
have?
Agenda
• Objective: SWBAT: identify that DNA is made up
of the nucleotides adenine, guanine, cytosine,
and thymine
– KWL Chart on DNA
– DNA Building Activity
– Notes on DNA
• You will not always get a stamp if you simply finished the
warm up. I will start checking for correct answers.
• Testing
Quizzes
• If you did not take the quiz last week, you need to
make it up in order to avoid earning a zero.
• If you earned below a C on the quiz, you can
come in to do a retake.
KWL Chart
What do we already know about DNA?
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It stands for Deoxyribonucleic Acid
All living things have DNA
In Eukaryotic cells, DNA is found in the nucleus
It carries our genetic information and determines
our traits
• Segments of DNA are called genes
• DNA is bundled up into chromosomes
Why is DNA important?
• DNA contains our genetic information
• DNA is a set of instructions for making
proteins
• Proteins determine just about everything about
you
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Whether you are lactose intolerant
What skin color you have
Your eye color
Control the rate of reactions in our body
DNA building activity
Warm up
Directions: Unless I tell you otherwise, you do not
have to copy the questions anymore  But you
need to date every warm up and try to answer the
questions correctly.
Name at least two reasons why DNA is important.
Write in complete sentences.
Warm up
1. Write three
observations about this
picture.
2. Make an inference
about what you think is
happening.
Agenda
• Objectives: SWBAT Describe what happens
during replication and use the base pairing rule to
determine sequences of DNA.
• Notes
• Practice Problems
• Cracking the Code Video
What is the Structure of DNA?
a. Deoxyribonucleic Acid
or DNA looks like a
twisted ladder or double
helix
b. It’s made up of
subunits called
nucleotides
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Each nucleotide has a
sugar, a phosphate and
a nitrogen base
Label the parts on your copy:
Phosphate
Hydrogen
Bonds
Sugar (Deoxyribose)
Types of Nitrogen Bases
a.
There are 4 types of nitrogen bases in DNA
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b.
A= Adenine
T= Thymine
C= Cytosine
G= Guanine
Nitrogen bases connect the 2 strands of DNA
together, like the rungs (steps) of a ladder
Base Pairing
a.
Nitrogen bases pair up to make the steps of the
ladder
b.
In DNA
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“A” always pairs with “T”
And
“C” always pairs with “G”
Complementary Strands
a.
Each strand of DNA is complimentary to the
other
–
b.
That means that each strand’s nitrogen bases
match up (A - T, C - G)
Example: If the code on one strand of DNA is
ACGTC, then the complimentary strand would
be TGCAG
Practice Problems: Write the Complimentary
Strand in your notebook
1. ATCGC
2. TGCAGA
3. CCCGTACGTA
4. TAGTGACTAGC
5. AAAGTAATGTTCAGTACTTT
Before a cell divides, what does it need
to do?
DNA Replication Video
Enzymes
a.
Enzymes are responsible for unzipping the
DNA and adding the bases to form the 2
molecules of DNA.
b.
Enzymes are proteins in our cells. They help
regulate chemical reactions in our body.
c.
Helicases are enzymes that split the DNA and
DNA polymerase adds the bases
d.
Proteins help make proteins!
DNA- Cracking the Code
• http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/body/cracking-thecode-of-life.html
Warm up
1. What happens during Replication?
2. If a strand of DNA is ATGATTTAGTACCC, what
is the complimentary strand of DNA?
1. What’s different
about these two
structures? (Name
at least two
differences)
2. What happens
during
Replication?
3. If a strand of DNA
is
ATGATTTAGTAC
CC, what is the
complimentary
strand of DNA?
What’s
different about
these two
structures?
Agenda
• Objectives: SWBAT: compare and contrast DNA
and RNA by creating a chart
• Test Taking Strategies
• Comparison Chart
• Video Clip
• Worksheet
• Cracking the Code video
RNA
a.
RNA is another type of nucleic acid that’s found
in the nucleus and cytoplasm of a cell
b.
Unlike DNA, RNA is made up of only one
strand of nucleotides
Difference in Nitrogen Bases
a. Instead of having
the base thymine,
RNA has the base
uracil
b. That means when
RNA is formed,
adenine pairs with
uracil (A - U)
Difference in Sugars
a. One main
difference between
RNA and DNA is
that they are made
up of different
sugars
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RNA has the sugar
ribose
DNA has the sugar
deoxyribose
Different segments
• DNA is split up into segments called genes
• mRNA is split up into sections called codons.
– Every three bases of mRNA = one codon.
– Example: AUC or GGU
– Codons code for amino acids that make up
proteins
Draw the following chart
DNA
Ex. Type
of sugar
RNA
Has deoxyribose Has ribose
How are proteins made?
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In order to make proteins, 3 processes must occur
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DNA Replication
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Molecule of DNA is copied
Transcription
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Strand of mRNA is made using DNA as a
template
Translation
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mRNA codes for specific amino acids that
make a protein
Worksheet
Warm Up
Agenda
• Objectives: SWBAT explain that replication,
transcription and translation are codependent
processes that ultimately make proteins.
• Notes
• Practice Worksheet
• White Board Practice??
Video
What happens during
Transcription?
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A strand of messenger RNA (mRNA) is
made using DNA as a template.
What happens during
Transcription?
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•
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One strand of the DNA is the template
Nitrogen bases attach to the DNA by following the
base pairing rule except U will replace T
The sequence (order of the nitrogen bases) of RNA
depends on the strand of DNA
Example:
A-C-C-A-A-A
U-G-G-U-U-U
demo
DNA- Cracking the Code
• http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/body/cracking-thecode-of-life.html
Practice Work Sheet
White Board Practice
What’s missing in this nucleotide?
deoxyribose + phosphate + _________ ______
What type of sugar does RNA have?
“A” pairs with ____
“C” pairs with ____
(DNA or RNA)_________ is made up of 2 strands
of nucleotides.
If the code of bases on one strand of DNA is
AGCCTAGG, then what is the code on the
complimentary strand?
What is the process that makes a copy of DNA?
In RNA, Thymine is replaced with ________
If a strand of DNA is ATGACCATGTAAA, what
would be the complimentary mRNA strand?
What is made at the end of translation?
• Is this a strand of DNA or RNA?
– AGCCGUUAUGCGAU
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=983lhh20rGY
Brain Pop Video
• http://www.brainpop.com/health/geneticsgrowthan
ddevelopment/rna/
Warm Up
1. In RNA, A pairs with _____
2. In order to make a protein, three processes must
occur:
1. _________________
2. _________________
3. _________________
3. In which of the three processes is a protein
made?
Agenda
• Objectives: SWBAT explain that replication,
transcription and translation are codependent
processes that ultimately make proteins AND In
transcription, a strand of mRNA is created from a
strand of DNA with uracil replacing thymine.
• Video
• Practice Protein Synthesis
• DNA- Cracking the Code Video
Protein Synthesis Video
Transcription….DNA to mRNA
• The only difference is that mRNA has a U instead
of a T.
• mRNA is only one strand of nucleotides, so we
only need to use one strand of DNA as a
template.
Practice Problems: Copy and answer the
following problems in your notebook.
1. ATGGCA
UACCGU
2. TGCAGATTA
3. CCAGTACGT
4. AAGTGGGTAGCA
5. ATAGTAATGAACAGTACCGTG
Practice
• Now split each of your answers into codons
1. ATGGCA
UAC CGU
• What happens after transcription??
Translation
• Use a genetic code chart to find the amino acids
1. ATCGCA
UAG CGU
Tyr -- Arg
Practice Worksheets
DNA- Cracking the Code
• http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/body/cracking-thecode-of-life.html
Agenda
• Objectives: SWBAT explain that replication,
transcription and translation are codependent
processes that ultimately make proteins AND In
transcription, a strand of mRNA is created from a
strand of DNA with uracil replacing thymine.
• Spelling out Proteins Lab
• DNA- Cracking the Code Video
Spelling out Proteins Lab
• Directions:
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The first 3
people who
finish all 10
sentences
correctly will
receive extra
credit!
Answer review questions at the top
Receive a strip of DNA from the teacher
Write down the strand of DNA
Transcribe the DNA into mRNA
Separate the mRNA into codons
Find each codon around the room
Flip the card up to find the word
Write each word down until you’ve completed your
sentence
– Check the sentence with Mrs. LA
– Receive next strip of DNA
DNA- Cracking the Code
• http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/body/cracking-thecode-of-life.html