A VIEW OF THE CELL
CHAPTER 8 NOTES
I. The Cell Theory:
1. All organisms are composed of
one or more cells.
I. The Cell Theory:
1. All organisms are composed of
one or more cells.
2. The cell is the basic unit of
organization of organisms.
I. The Cell Theory:
1. All organisms are composed of
one or more cells.
2. The cell is the basic unit of
organization of organisms.
3. All cells come from
preexisting cells.
II. Two Basic Cell Types
A. Prokaryote = an organism w/a
cell that lacks internal structures
surrounded by membranes
1. usually
single-celled
II. Two Basic Cell Types
B. Eukaryote = cells containing
internal, membrane-bound
structures called organelles
1. Which of the following is not part
of the Cell Theory?
a. Cells come from preexisting cells
b. All cells have membrane-bound
organelles
c. All organisms are composed of
one or more cells
d. The cell is the basic unit of
organization of organisms
2. An organism composed of cells
containing internal, membranebound structures called organelles is
a ___________________.
a. bacteria
b. prokaryote
c. virus
d. eukaryote
3. An organisms whose cell(s) lacks
internal structures surrounded by
membranes is a(n) _____________.
a. animal
b. prokaryote
c. proteus
d. eukaryote
III. Cell Organelles
A. Plasma membrane = serves as a
boundary b/t the cell & its external
environment
III. Cell Organelles
A. Plasma membrane = serves as a
boundary b/t the cell & its external
environment
1. Maintains a chemical balance
within the cell.
2. Controls the movement of
materials that enter & exit the
cell
III. Cell Organelles
B. Cell wall = rigid structure that
surrounds the plasma membrane
*plants, fungi & most bacteria
have cell walls
III. Cell Organelles
C. Nucleus = manages cellular
functions in eukaryotic cells
III. Cell Organelles
C. Nucleus = manages cellular
functions in eukaryotic cells
1. Contains DNA = the
master instructions for
building proteins &
enzymes
III. Cell Organelles
C. Nucleus = manages cellular
functions in eukaryotic cells
2. nucleolus = region of nucleus
that makes ribosomes - sites for
enzyme and protein assembly
For Q’s 4-7, use the key to match
the term with the proper phrase.
a. nucleolus
b. cell wall
c. plasma membrane d. nucleus
4. Fluid structure that acts as the
boundary between the cell and its
external environment
For Q’s 4-7, use the key to match
the term with the proper phrase.
a. nucleolus
b. cell wall
c. plasma membrane d. nucleus
5. Organelle that manages cellular
functions in eukaryotic cells
For Q’s 4-7, use the key to match
the term with the proper phrase.
a. nucleolus
b. cell wall
c. plasma membrane d. nucleus
6. Structure that surrounds the
plasma membrane in plants and
fungi
For Q’s 4-7, use the key to match
the term with the proper phrase.
a. nucleolus
b. cell wall
c. plasma membrane d. nucleus
7. Region of the cell responsible
for making ribosomes
III. Cell Organelles
D. Cytoplasm = fluid surrounding
the organelles & nucleus in which
many important chemical reactions
take place [ex: protein synthesis]
III. Cell Organelles
E. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) =
folded system of membranes
III. Cell Organelles
E. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) =
folded system of membranes
1. area on which chemical
reactions & lipid synthesis occur
Large total
surface area
III. Cell Organelles
E. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) =
folded system of membranes
2. acts as the
cell’s delivery
system
III. Cell Organelles
E. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) =
folded system of membranes
3. rough ER is coated with
ribosomes
III. Cell Organelles
F. Golgi apparatus = used to store
proteins & lipids from the ER
For Q’s 8-11, use the key to match
the term with the proper phrase.
a. golgi apparatus b. cytoplasm
c. endoplasmic reticulum
8. Folded system of membranes
on which chemical reactions and
lipid synthesis occur
For Q’s 8-11, use the key to match
the term with the proper phrase.
a. golgi apparatus
b. cytoplasm
c. endoplasmic reticulum
9. Fluid surrounding the organelles
& nucleus in which many important
chemical reactions take place
For Q’s 8-11, use the key to match
the term with the proper phrase.
a. golgi apparatus
b. cytoplasm
c. endoplasmic reticulum
10. Cellular organelle used to
store proteins and lipids
For Q’s 8-11, use the key to match
the term with the proper phrase.
a. golgi apparatus
b. cytoplasm
c. endoplasmic reticulum
11. Organelle that acts as the
cell’s delivery system for cellular
products
III. Cell Organelles
G. Vacuole = store food, enzymes,
& other materials needed by a cell
III. Cell Organelles
H. Lysosomes = contain digestive
enzymes to digest worn out cell
parts, food & invading viruses or
bacteria
III. Cell Organelles
I. Mitochondria = organelles in
which food molecules are broken
down to release energy
III. Cell Organelles
J. Chloroplasts = plant organelle
containing chlorophyll - transforms
light energy into chemical energy
For Q’s 12-15, use the key to match
the term with the proper phrase.
a. vacuole
b. mitochondria
c. chloroplast
d. lysosomes
12. Organelle that contains
digestive enzymes to digest worn
out cell parts, food and invading
viruses or bacteria
For Q’s 12-15, use the key to match
the term with the proper phrase.
a. vacuole
b. mitochondria
c. chloroplast
d. lysosomes
13. Organelle used to store food,
enzymes, and other materials
needed by a cell
For Q’s 12-15, use the key to match
the term with the proper phrase.
a. vacuole
b. mitochondria
c. chloroplast
d. lysosomes
14. Plant organelle containing
pigments that transform light
energy into chemical energy
For Q’s 12-15, use the key to match
the term with the proper phrase.
a. vacuole
b. mitochondria
c. chloroplast
d. lysosomes
15. Organelle in which food
molecules are broken down to
release energy
IV. Support & Locomotion
A. Cytoskeleton = network of
fibrous elements that as a scaffold
for support for organelles
IV. Support & Locomotion
B. Cilia = hairlike projections from
the plasma membrane.
IV. Support & Locomotion
C. Flagella = longer projections
that move w/a whip-like motion.
ex: sperm cells
V. Cellular Organization
A. Unicellular = single-celled
organisms [bacteria]
B. Multicellular = organisms
made up of many cells
1. cells are differentiated to
perform specific functions
V. Cellular Organization
C. Tissue = a group of cells that
function together to perform an
activity [muscle, nerve, etc.]
V. Cellular Organization
D. Organs = groups of tissues that
function together [heart, liver, etc]
V. Cellular Organization
E. Organ system = group of organs
that carries out a major life
function [nervous system]
For Q’s 16-21, use the key to match
the term with the proper phrase.
a. cytoskeleton b. tissue c. organ
d. organ system e. flagella f. cilia
16. Long projections that move
with a whip-like motion that help
certain cells move
For Q’s 16-21, use the key to match
the term with the proper phrase.
a. cytoskeleton b. tissue c. organ
d. organ system e. flagella f. cilia
17. Group of tissues that cooperate
to carry out specific functions in an
organism [a leaf for example]
For Q’s 16-21, use the key to match
the term with the proper phrase.
a. cytoskeleton b. tissue c. organ
d. organ system e. flagella f. cilia
18. Network of fibrous elements
that as a scaffold for support for
organelles
For Q’s 16-21, use the key to match
the term with the proper phrase.
a. cytoskeleton b. tissue c. organ
d. organ system e. flagella f. cilia
19. Group of organs that carry out
a major life function in organisms
[lymphatic for example]
For Q’s 16-21, use the key to match
the term with the proper phrase.
a. cytoskeleton b. tissue c. organ
d. organ system e. flagella f. cilia
20. Hairlike projections from the
plasma membrane that aid in
locomotion
For Q’s 16-21, use the key to match
the term with the proper phrase.
a. cytoskeleton b. tissue c. organ
d. organ system e. flagella f. cilia
21. A group of cells that function
together to perform an activity
[epithelium for example]
22. Most multicellular organisms
are ___________________.
a. prokaryotes
b. eukaryotes
[Bonus] The term “cell” was first
coined by the English scientist
____________________.
a. Anton van Leeuwenhoek
b. Matthias Schleiden
c. Johannus Vermicelli
d. Robert Hooke