Chapter 9 Male Reproductive System Copyright © 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Learning Objectives Name, locate, and describe the functions of the organs of the male reproductive system. Define some abnormal conditions and infections that affect the male reproductive system. Differentiate among several types of sexually transmitted infections. 1 Learning Objectives (cont’d.) Define many combining forms used to describe the structures of the this system. Describe various laboratory tests and clinical procedures that are pertinent to the disorders of the male reproductive system, and recognize related abbreviations. Apply your new knowledge to understanding medical terms in their contexts, such as medical reports and records. 2 Introduction The male sex cell is called a spermatozoon, or sperm cell. The sperm cell carries its nuclear hereditary material, or chromosomes, in its head region. The tail consists of a flagellum, which makes the sperm cell mobile. 3 4 Introduction (cont’d.) Only one spermatozoon out of 300 million sperm cells released during ejaculation can fertilize a single female ovum. If more than one egg is present in the fallopian tubes during ejaculation, multiple fertilizations are possible. 5 6 Fraternal twins. Notice the 6-weekold embryos in two separate amnionic sacs Twins resulting from the fertilization of separate ova by separate sperm cells are called fraternal twins. Twins resulting from the fertilization of a single egg by a single sperm are called identical twins. 7 Introduction The organs of the male reproductive system are designed to produce and release billions of sperm cells throughout the man’s lifetime. The hormone called testosterone is responsible for the bodily characteristics of the male (such as beard, pubic hair and deeper voice). 8 Anatomy – page 313 9 Anatomy (cont’d.) Internal structure of the testis and the epididymis 10 Anatomy (cont’d.) The passage of sperm from the seminiferous tubules to the outside of the body. 11 Vocabulary page 315 bulbourethral glands – pair of exocrine glands near the male urethra epididymis (pl. epididymides) – tightly coiled tubes that carry sperm form the seminiferous tubules to the vas deferens Flagellum – hair like projection on sperm that make it motile fraternal twins – twins from two separate ova fertilized by two different sperm. 12 Vocabulary identical twins – two infants resulting from division of one fertilzed egg into two distinct embyros. 13 Vocabulary – page 316 prostate gland – exocrine gland in men at the base of urinary bladder. Secretes the fluid part of semen Scrotum – external sac that contains testes Semen – sperm cells and seminal fluid spermatozoon (pl. spermatozoa) – sperm cell 14 Prostate Gland 15 Vocabulary – page 316 testis (pl.: testes) – male gonad, produces sperm and hormone testosterone Testosterone – hormone secreted by testes responsible for male sex characteristics vas deferens – narrow tubes that carry sperm from epididymis into the body and toward the urethra. 16 Vas Deferens 17 COMBINING FORMS AND TERMINOLOGY – page 317 Combining Form Meaning andr/o cry/o crypt/o epididym/o gon/o hydr/o male cold hidden epididymis seed fluid/water 18 COMBINING FORMS AND TERMINOLOGY – page 318 Combining Form Meaning prostat/o semin/i prostate gland semen/seed terat/o varic/o vas/o monster varicose veins vessel, duct; vas deferens 19 “monster tumor” Teratoma – benign tumor occuring in the testes 20 Varicocele Varicocele – a collection of varicose veins above the testis 21 Vasectomy is a surgical procedure in which the vasa deferentia of a man are cut for the purpose of sterilization. 22 COMBINING FORMS AND TERMINOLOGY- page 319 SUFFIXES Suffix Meaning -genesis formation (spermatogensis) -one hormone -stomy new opening 23 Pathologic Conditions- page 319-322 24 Pathologic Conditions 25 Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) – page 322 Common Infections • chlamydial infection • Gonorrhea • herpes genitalis • syphilis 26 Laboratory Tests and Clinical Procedures – page 324 Laboratory Tests • PSA test – measures prostate-specific antigen in the blood. Elevated levels are associated with and enlarged prostate and may be a sign of prostate cancer • semen analysis – Sperm cells are examined for motility and shape. The number of sperm cells is also obtained. 27 QUICK QUIZ: 2. What does the PSA test for? A. B. C. D. Levels of infection Sperm Mobility Sperm Motility Levels of an antigen 28 Laboratory Tests and Clinical Procedures Clinical Procedures • transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) 29 Laboratory Tests and Clinical Procedures Clinical Procedures • Vasectomy 30 QUICK QUIZ: 3. What is the term that means removal of the prostate? A. orchiectomy B. prostatecomy C. vasectomy D. prostatitis 31 ABBREVIATIONS BPH GU - genitourinary HSV- herpes simplex virus PID - pelvic inflammatory disease PSA - prostate specific antigen RPR – rapid plasma reagin, test for syphilis 32 ABBREVIATIONS STI - sexually transmitted infection TRUS – transrectal ultrasound test to assess prostate gland TURP - transurethral resection of the prostate 33