Solutions
Parts of a Solution
Molarity, Molality, Mole Fraction, Dilution
Types of Mixtures
• Mixtures : a blend of two or more kinds of
matter, each of which retains its own properties
and characteristics
• Homogeneous vs. Heterogeneous Mixtures
• Homo = same
Hetero = varied
Solutions
• Solution : homogeneous mixture of two or more
substances in a single phase
Parts of a Solution :
• Solute – dissolved particles
• Solvent – dissolving medium
• Aqueous = capable of
being dissolved
EX. Salt, sugar
EX. Water, alcohol
Concentrated vs. Dilute
What is Molarity?
• Moles of solute per volume of solution
• Equation is GIVEN on Reference Table!
Moles of solute
per volume of
total SOLUTION
Mol of solute
Liters of solution
Moles of solute per
mass of SOLVENT
Mol of solute
Kg of solvent
mol
L
mol
kg
M
m
What is molality?
• Moles of solute per mass of
solvent
• Equation is NOT GIVEN on
Reference Table!
Molarity Examples
• EXAMPLE : 3.50 L of solution contains 90.0 g of NaCl.
What is the molarity of the solution?
• EXAMPLE : 0.800 L of a .500 M HCl solution. How
many moles of HCl does this solution contain?
Molality Examples
• EXAMPLE : Solution was prepared by dissolving 17.1
g of sucrose (C12H22O11) in 125 g of water. Find the
molal concentration of solution.
• EXAMPLE : A solution iodine (I2) in carbon
tetrachloride (CCl4) is used when iodine is needed
for certain chemical tests. How much iodine must
be added to prepare a 0.480 m solution of iodine in
CCl4 if 100.00 g of CCl4 is used?
What is mole fraction?
• MOLE FRACTION () =
• EXAMPLE : What is the
mole fraction of xenon
in a mixture that
contains 0.584 g of
xenon 86.40 g of argon
and 3.62 g of neon ?
How many
solute
parts?
Dilutions
13
13
What’s the only difference?
How can you dilute a concentrated solution?
• DILUTION =
• EXAMPLE : What volume of 16 M sulfuric acid must
be used to prepare 1.5 L of a 0.10 M H2SO4
solution?