Energy Balance and
Body Composition
Studying = 1 or 2 kcalories/minute
Energy Balance
Food Composition
• Bomb
calorimetertoo much?
Food Composition
• Direct calorimetry (heat release) vs.
indirect calorimetry (O2 consumed)
• Physiological fuel value-what the body
gets out of food. Value is lower than
that measured by “the bomb.”
Food Intake
Food Intake
• Sustaining satiation and satiety
–lower-fat foods can be eaten in
larger portions for the same
number of kcalories
Food Intake
• Hypothalamus
–Neuropeptide Y-chemical
compound that stimulateds
appetite, increases fat storage*,
decreases energy expenditure.
*Leptin: signals body to stop
eating, stop storing fat and
increase energy expenditure.
Thermogenesis
• Basal thermogenesis (heat)-a measure
of body’s energy expenditure!
• Exercise-induced thermogenesis
• Diet-induced thermogenesis
• Adaptive thermogenesis
Components of Energy
Expenditure
Components of
Energy Expenditure
• Basal metabolism-metabolic expendature
during basic life processes.
• Basal metabolic rate (BMR)-metabolic rate
at rest following sleep (no food).
(males = 1 kcal/min, women = 0.8 kcal/min)
• Resting metabolic rate (RMR)
Components of Energy Expenditure
Running~14.1 kcal/min
@ 7.5 mph
Sex burns >300 kcal/hr….if your
doing it right!
REMOVING HER CLOTHES:
With her consent........................ 12 Calories
Without it..................................187 Calories
OPENING HER BRA:
With both hands........................ 8 Calories
With one hand.......................... 12 Calories
With your teeth........................ 85 Calories
PUTTING ON A CONDOM:
With an erection.............................. 6 Calories
Without an erection.................... 315 Calories
POSITIONS:
Missionary................................... 12 Calories
Wheelbarrow............................ 216 Calories
Doggy Style............................... 326 Calories
Italian chandelier..................... 912 Calories
ORGASMING:
Real................................... 112 Calories
False.................................. 315 Calories
POST ORGASM:
Lying in bed hugging................... 18 Calories
Getting up immediately................. 36
Calories explaining why you got out of bed immediately................ 816 Calories
GETTING A SECOND ERECTION:
20-29 years old......................36 Calories
30-39 years............................ 80 Calories
40-49 years............................ 124 Calories
50-59 years............................ 972 Calories
60-69 years............................ 2916 Calories
70 and over............................ Still awaiting results!
DRESSING UP AFTERWARDS:
Calmly................................. 32 Calories
In a hurry............................. 98 Calories
With her father knocking at the door... 1218 Calories
With your wife knocking at the door.... 3521 Calories!
Components of
Energy Expenditure
• Thermic effect of food (TEF)-heat
created by food digestion.
• Diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT)heat gained from eating warm
(hot) food.
Estimating Energy
Requirements
• Gender
• Growth
• Age
Estimating Energy
Requirements
• Physical activity
• Body composition
• Body size
Body Weight, Body Composition,
and Health
• Body composition: What is your’s?
• Body weight =fat + lean tissue
(including water)
Defining Healthy Body
Weight
• The
criterion
of
fashion:
BMI of
Miss
America
Defining Healthy
Body Weight
• The criterion of health
• Body mass index (BMI)
=weight (kg)/height (m)2
BMI
Values
Used to
Assess
Weight
Mike O’Hearn
(Mr. Universe, 1997)
Height: 6’3’’
Weight: 245
BMI = 31
Too fat??
Clearly not!
Michelle Gutierrez
(Ms. September, 2005)
Height: 5’3’’
Weight: 112 lbs. (on a bad day)
BMI = 19
Too much...??
Again...likely not!
Distribution of Body
Weights in U.S. Adults
Body Fat and
Its Distribution
Body Fat and
Its Distribution
• Some people need less body fat.
• Some people need more body fat
Body Fat and
Its Distribution
• Fat distribution
–Intra-abdominal fat (fat around
organs)
–Central obesity (upper-body fat)
Body Fat and
Its Distribution
• Waist circumference
”If it’s anything over 35 inches,
it’s too much!
Methods Used to Assess
Body Fat
Health Risks Associated
With Body Weight and
Body Fat
• Health risks of underweight
• Health risks of overweight
BMI and
Mortality
Health Risks Associated
With Body Weight and
Body Fat
• Cardiovascular disease
• Diabetes
• Cancer
• Fat and fit versus
sedentary and slim
Jennifer Portnick, aerobics instructor
The Latest and Greatest
Weight-Loss Diet Again
• The claims and
truths of diet
fads
ATKIN’S
• High-protein, low carbohydrate
diets
– The diet’s appeal
The Latest and Greatest
Weight-Loss Diet Again
• High-protein, low carbohydrate
diets
–Don’t count kcalories
–Satisfy (ies) hunger
–Follow a plan (no decision)
–Limit choices (boring!)
The Latest and Greatest
Weight-Loss Diet Again
• High-protein, low carbohydrate
diets
–Too much fat
–Too much protein
–Too little everything else
–The body’s perspective