RESEARCH  DEVELOPMENT  INVENTION  DESIGN
907 Stuart Avenue  Mamaroneck, NY 10543(914) 698-4854  www.ltbeng.com
ENGINEERING
Reaction Rocket Car
Copyright 2006
1
RESEARCH  DEVELOPMENT  INVENTION  DESIGN
907 Stuart Avenue  Mamaroneck, NY 10543(914) 698-4854  www.ltbeng.com
ENGINEERING
Project Plan
Week
Copyright 2006
Activity
1
Introduction, history, theory
2
Design
3
Design
4
Fabrication
5
Fabrication
6
Final assembly
7
Trial
8
Trial - adaptations
9
Trial - adaptations
10
Data analysis, conclusions
2
RESEARCH  DEVELOPMENT  INVENTION  DESIGN
907 Stuart Avenue  Mamaroneck, NY 10543(914) 698-4854  www.ltbeng.com
ENGINEERING
History of Rockets
•
•
•
First invented by Chinese – became
fireworks, 10 – 12th century
Migrated to Europe by 14th century
Naval rocket launchers common by
American Revolution
Copyright 2006
3
RESEARCH  DEVELOPMENT  INVENTION  DESIGN
907 Stuart Avenue  Mamaroneck, NY 10543(914) 698-4854  www.ltbeng.com
ENGINEERING
History of Rockets
•
Robert Goddard, 1917, first supersonic
flight
•
1942 – V2 rocket goes into production in
Nazi Germany
•
Saturn V – 1964 – launch platform for
US Apollo project
Copyright 2006
4
RESEARCH  DEVELOPMENT  INVENTION  DESIGN
907 Stuart Avenue  Mamaroneck, NY 10543(914) 698-4854  www.ltbeng.com
ENGINEERING
Theory of Rockets
Nozzle
Pressure
(combustion)
chamber
Copyright 2006
Outlet flow
5
RESEARCH  DEVELOPMENT  INVENTION  DESIGN
907 Stuart Avenue  Mamaroneck, NY 10543(914) 698-4854  www.ltbeng.com
ENGINEERING
Theory of Rockets
Pressure – force exerted against a surface from a fluid. In this case the fluid is the
gas produced within the pressure (combustion) chamber. The pressure results
from the difference of the internal to external energies of gases.
Blow up the balloon – is the pressure greater or lesser on the inside?
Copyright 2006
6
RESEARCH  DEVELOPMENT  INVENTION  DESIGN
907 Stuart Avenue  Mamaroneck, NY 10543(914) 698-4854  www.ltbeng.com
ENGINEERING
Theory of Rockets
Pressure is distributed within
rocket chamber on all
surfaces, including outlet.
We can figure out the force
produced by the rocket as the
product of the pressure and
the area of the outlet.
Copyright 2006
7
RESEARCH  DEVELOPMENT  INVENTION  DESIGN
907 Stuart Avenue  Mamaroneck, NY 10543(914) 698-4854  www.ltbeng.com
ENGINEERING
Theory of rockets
Momentum – a condition of a body in motion. The momentum of a given
body is determined by the product of the mass and the velocity.
Conservation of momentum – momentum before and after an event is
always preserved.
Newton’s third law – every action has an equal and opposite reaction.
When we release the block from the toy car – which way do they go?
Moving a body requires a force – that’s the reaction!
Copyright 2006
8
RESEARCH  DEVELOPMENT  INVENTION  DESIGN
907 Stuart Avenue  Mamaroneck, NY 10543(914) 698-4854  www.ltbeng.com
ENGINEERING
Theory of Rockets
Rockets act by both a pressure differential and by momentum/reaction.
So… all rockets are in fact reaction rockets!!
Copyright 2006
9
RESEARCH  DEVELOPMENT  INVENTION  DESIGN
907 Stuart Avenue  Mamaroneck, NY 10543(914) 698-4854  www.ltbeng.com
ENGINEERING
Reaction Rocket Car
Wednesday, Ides of March, 2006
Copyright 2006
10
RESEARCH  DEVELOPMENT  INVENTION  DESIGN
907 Stuart Avenue  Mamaroneck, NY 10543(914) 698-4854  www.ltbeng.com
ENGINEERING
Project Plan
Week
Copyright 2006
Activity
1
Introduction, history, theory
2
Design
3
Design
4
Fabrication
5
Fabrication
6
Final assembly
7
Trial
8
Trial - adaptations
9
Trial - adaptations
10
Data analysis, conclusions
11
RESEARCH  DEVELOPMENT  INVENTION  DESIGN
907 Stuart Avenue  Mamaroneck, NY 10543(914) 698-4854  www.ltbeng.com
ENGINEERING
Develop Teams
•
Vehicle design team
– Responsible for the design of the moving apparatus
– Concentration on:
• Low weight
• Low friction
• Interface to propulsion system
Copyright 2006
12
RESEARCH  DEVELOPMENT  INVENTION  DESIGN
907 Stuart Avenue  Mamaroneck, NY 10543(914) 698-4854  www.ltbeng.com
ENGINEERING
Develop Teams
•
Propulsion system design team
– Responsible for the design of the reaction/rocket system
– Concentration on:
• High force
• Long action
• Interface to vehicle
Copyright 2006
13
RESEARCH  DEVELOPMENT  INVENTION  DESIGN
907 Stuart Avenue  Mamaroneck, NY 10543(914) 698-4854  www.ltbeng.com
ENGINEERING
Develop Teams
•
Test & Operations design team
– Responsible for the Design of Test (DOT)
– Concentration on:
• Analytic results
• Empirical results
• Comparison of results
Copyright 2006
14
RESEARCH  DEVELOPMENT  INVENTION  DESIGN
907 Stuart Avenue  Mamaroneck, NY 10543(914) 698-4854  www.ltbeng.com
ENGINEERING
Rocket Car
Copyright 2006
15
RESEARCH  DEVELOPMENT  INVENTION  DESIGN
907 Stuart Avenue  Mamaroneck, NY 10543(914) 698-4854  www.ltbeng.com
ENGINEERING
Reaction Rocket Car
22 March, 2006
Copyright 2006
16
RESEARCH  DEVELOPMENT  INVENTION  DESIGN
907 Stuart Avenue  Mamaroneck, NY 10543(914) 698-4854  www.ltbeng.com
ENGINEERING
Project Plan
Week
Copyright 2006
Activity
1
Introduction, history, theory
2
Design
3
Design
4
Fabrication
5
Fabrication
6
Final assembly
7
Trial
8
Trial - adaptations
9
Trial - adaptations
10
Data analysis, conclusions
17
RESEARCH  DEVELOPMENT  INVENTION  DESIGN
907 Stuart Avenue  Mamaroneck, NY 10543(914) 698-4854  www.ltbeng.com
ENGINEERING
Teams
Propulsion System
Copyright 2006
Vehicle
Test & Operation
18
RESEARCH  DEVELOPMENT  INVENTION  DESIGN
907 Stuart Avenue  Mamaroneck, NY 10543(914) 698-4854  www.ltbeng.com
ENGINEERING
Team Tasks
•
Propulsion system design team
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Concept for reaction rocket (air over water?)
How much thrust?
How much air?
How much water?
How will we fill?
How will we attach to vehicle?
Principles
• Force from pressure
• Force from momentum
Copyright 2006
19
RESEARCH  DEVELOPMENT  INVENTION  DESIGN
907 Stuart Avenue  Mamaroneck, NY 10543(914) 698-4854  www.ltbeng.com
ENGINEERING
Team Tasks
•
Test & Operations design team
–
–
–
–
What will we have the car do?
How will we measure that?
What do we predict will happen?
Principles:
• Force from pressure
• Force from momentum
• Acceleration
• Kinetic energy
• Friction
• Work
Copyright 2006
20
RESEARCH  DEVELOPMENT  INVENTION  DESIGN
907 Stuart Avenue  Mamaroneck, NY 10543(914) 698-4854  www.ltbeng.com
ENGINEERING
Team Tasks
•
Vehicle design team
–
–
–
–
What configuration?
What structure?
What wheels?
Principles:
• Acceleration
• Friction
• Work
Copyright 2006
21
RESEARCH  DEVELOPMENT  INVENTION  DESIGN
907 Stuart Avenue  Mamaroneck, NY 10543(914) 698-4854  www.ltbeng.com
ENGINEERING
Rocket Car
Copyright 2006
22
RESEARCH  DEVELOPMENT  INVENTION  DESIGN
907 Stuart Avenue  Mamaroneck, NY 10543(914) 698-4854  www.ltbeng.com
ENGINEERING
Principles
•
Force from pressure
– F = P*A
•
Force from momentum
.
– F = m*v
•
Acceleration
– a = F/m
•
Friction
– f = mW
•
Kinetic energy
– E = mv2/2
•
Work
– W = F*d
Copyright 2006
23
RESEARCH  DEVELOPMENT  INVENTION  DESIGN
907 Stuart Avenue  Mamaroneck, NY 10543(914) 698-4854  www.ltbeng.com
ENGINEERING
Reaction Rocket Car
7 April 2006
Copyright 2006
24
RESEARCH  DEVELOPMENT  INVENTION  DESIGN
907 Stuart Avenue  Mamaroneck, NY 10543(914) 698-4854  www.ltbeng.com
ENGINEERING
Project Plan
Week
Copyright 2006
Activity
1
Introduction, history, theory
2
Design
3
Design
4
Fabrication
5
Fabrication
6
Final assembly
7
Trial
8
Trial - adaptations
9
Trial - adaptations
10
Data analysis, conclusions
25
RESEARCH  DEVELOPMENT  INVENTION  DESIGN
907 Stuart Avenue  Mamaroneck, NY 10543(914) 698-4854  www.ltbeng.com
ENGINEERING
Fabrication and Processes
•
•
Technology – tekne + logia (crafting + study) = manufacture/fabrication
Fabricated sub assemblies
– Vehicle
– Engine
•
Processes
– Screws
– Adhesives
– Solvent welding
Copyright 2006
26
RESEARCH  DEVELOPMENT  INVENTION  DESIGN
907 Stuart Avenue  Mamaroneck, NY 10543(914) 698-4854  www.ltbeng.com
ENGINEERING
Shop Safety
•
Safety
– Finish the job in the same shape as when you started
•
Hazards that can lead to injuries
–
–
–
–
–
•
Mechanical
Electrical
Magnetic
Chemical
Bio
Safety equipment (today)
– Safety glasses
– Gloves
•
What is the most important piece of safety equipment?
Copyright 2006
27
RESEARCH  DEVELOPMENT  INVENTION  DESIGN
907 Stuart Avenue  Mamaroneck, NY 10543(914) 698-4854  www.ltbeng.com
ENGINEERING
Most Important Piece of Safety Equipment
•
Your brain!!!!
– Use it!
•
Safety procedures
– Follow instruction
– Don’t guess – if you’re not sure how to do something, ask someone who
does
– Apply common sense
– Think!
– We’ll have more specific procedures later …
Copyright 2006
28
RESEARCH  DEVELOPMENT  INVENTION  DESIGN
907 Stuart Avenue  Mamaroneck, NY 10543(914) 698-4854  www.ltbeng.com
ENGINEERING
Fabrication process - engine
Copyright 2006
29
RESEARCH  DEVELOPMENT  INVENTION  DESIGN
907 Stuart Avenue  Mamaroneck, NY 10543(914) 698-4854  www.ltbeng.com
ENGINEERING
Vehicle
Copyright 2006
30
RESEARCH  DEVELOPMENT  INVENTION  DESIGN
907 Stuart Avenue  Mamaroneck, NY 10543(914) 698-4854  www.ltbeng.com
ENGINEERING
Assembled Rocket Car
Copyright 2006
31
RESEARCH  DEVELOPMENT  INVENTION  DESIGN
907 Stuart Avenue  Mamaroneck, NY 10543(914) 698-4854  www.ltbeng.com
ENGINEERING
Reaction Rocket Car
Friday, 12 May 2006
Copyright 2006
32
RESEARCH  DEVELOPMENT  INVENTION  DESIGN
907 Stuart Avenue  Mamaroneck, NY 10543(914) 698-4854  www.ltbeng.com
ENGINEERING
Project Plan
Week
Copyright 2006
Activity
1
Introduction, history, theory
2
Design
3
Design
4
Fabrication
5
Fabrication
6
Final assembly
7
Trial
8
Trial - adaptations
9
Trial - adaptations
10
Data analysis, conclusions
33
RESEARCH  DEVELOPMENT  INVENTION  DESIGN
907 Stuart Avenue  Mamaroneck, NY 10543(914) 698-4854  www.ltbeng.com
ENGINEERING
Presentation
•
•
•
Project description
Learned elements
Underlying science
Copyright 2006
34
RESEARCH  DEVELOPMENT  INVENTION  DESIGN
907 Stuart Avenue  Mamaroneck, NY 10543(914) 698-4854  www.ltbeng.com
ENGINEERING
Data Reduction & Analysis
We conduct data analysis to understand the performance of the rocket car.
Data goes through two steps – reduction then analysis.
Use the data to test your hypotheses.
Graph the data to look for relationships.
Copyright 2006
35
RESEARCH  DEVELOPMENT  INVENTION  DESIGN
907 Stuart Avenue  Mamaroneck, NY 10543(914) 698-4854  www.ltbeng.com
ENGINEERING
Concept of Variables
•
•
Independent variables – input set
Dependent variables – output set
Copyright 2006
36
RESEARCH  DEVELOPMENT  INVENTION  DESIGN
907 Stuart Avenue  Mamaroneck, NY 10543(914) 698-4854  www.ltbeng.com
ENGINEERING
Reaction Rocket Car
Wednesday, 24 May 2006
Copyright 2006
37
RESEARCH  DEVELOPMENT  INVENTION  DESIGN
907 Stuart Avenue  Mamaroneck, NY 10543(914) 698-4854  www.ltbeng.com
ENGINEERING
Project Plan
Week
Copyright 2006
Activity
1
Introduction, history, theory
2
Design
3
Design
4
Fabrication
5
Fabrication
6
Final assembly
7
Trial
8
Trial - adaptations
9
Trial - adaptations
10
Data analysis, conclusions
38
RESEARCH  DEVELOPMENT  INVENTION  DESIGN
907 Stuart Avenue  Mamaroneck, NY 10543(914) 698-4854  www.ltbeng.com
ENGINEERING
Presentation
•
•
•
Project description –
Learned elements –
Underlying science -
Copyright 2006
39
RESEARCH  DEVELOPMENT  INVENTION  DESIGN
907 Stuart Avenue  Mamaroneck, NY 10543(914) 698-4854  www.ltbeng.com
ENGINEERING
Operation of Car
•
•
Rider –
Ground control (2) -
Copyright 2006
40