Colleen Fadden
Renee Pollard
Andrea Popolizio
 Igneous
rocks are the oldest type of
rocks.
 Deep
inside the earth where it is very
hot, there is melted rock called magma.
 As
the magma comes up to the surface, it
starts to cool and turns into solid igneous
rock.

All igneous rocks do not cool the same way, that
is why they do not look all the same.

Depending on how the rocks cool, they are
classified as either intrusive or extrusive.
•
Intrusive igneous rock is formed when the magma
cools slowly deep under the earths surface, causing
large crystals.
•
Extrusive igneous rock is formed when the magma
comes from the volcano and reaches the earth’s surface
through big cracks. The lava cools fast which cause
small crystals.
 Normally
contains no fossils
 Rarely reacts with acid
 Usually have no layering
 Usually made of two or more minerals
 May be light or dark colored
 Usually made of mineral crystals of
different sizes
 Sometimes have openings or glass fibers
 May be fine-grained or glassy (extrusive)
Granite
Pumice
Obsidian
Pegmitatite
 Sedimentary
rocks are rocks that are
formed by sediments from the earth
pressed together. This usually occurs
underwater.
 Sediments
are small pieces of rocks.
 Sedimentary
rocks are formed by broken
pieces of rocks that pile up.
 When
the sediments pile up they form
layers.
 Over
a long period of time, the pieces
pile up and get pressed together to form
rocks.
 Contain
fossils most of the time
 React with acid
 Have layers
 Made up of pieces cemented or pressed
together
 Contain a variety of colors
 Particle sizes are sometimes different
Examples of Sedimentary Rocks
Sandstone
Shale
Limestone
Coal
 Metamorphic
rocks are rocks that have
been changed.
 They
are formed deep within the Earth.
 Metamorphic
rocks were once igneous
and sedimentary rocks.
 They
are the least common of the three
types of rocks.
 Metamorphic
rocks are formed when
heat and pressure are applied to
sedimentary and igneous rocks.
 The
heat and pressure cooks the rocks
and changes their structure.
 The
chemical changes that take place are
what makes the appearance of rocks very
different.
 To
demonstrate how metamorphic rocks
are formed, try this:
• Squeeze you hands together very hard. You will
begin to feel heat and pressure. When the
Earth’s crust moves, the heat and pressure cause
the rocks to squeeze together so hard that the
rocks change shapes.
 There
are two types of metamorphic
rocks: foliated and non-foliated.
 Foliated
metamorphic rocks have layers,
or banding.

Examples of foliated metamorphic rocks are:
• Slate
• Schist
• Gneiss
 Non-Foliated
 Examples
• Marble
• Quartzite
Rocks are not layered
of non-foliated rocks are:
Marble
Quartize
Gneiss
Marble
Each student needs…
 1 notebook
 1 hand lens
Each group needs…
 1 Set of 12 rocks
 1 cardboard tray
1. Look back at your notes in your
notebook from the last lesson.
Think about…
 What properties you used to sort the
rocks.
 Could some rocks be placed in more
than one rock category?
 Were some rocks difficult to categorize?
2.
Get your materials from the material
table.

You need…
 12 rocks
 1 tray
2 hand lenses
3.
Observe the rocks with your partner.
Think about…

What does each rock feel like?
What does each rock look like?
Which rocks are heavy?
Which rocks are light?
How are the rocks alike and how are
they different?




4. After observing the rocks, write down some
questions you have in your notebook.
Share these questions with the class.
5. Put all of your materials back on the
material table.
6. Read “Rocks-Here, There, Everywhere”
with your partner.
7.
Write in your notebook what you
learned from reading “Rocks-Here,
There, Everywhere.” Include in your
writing…

How rocks are formed
Where rocks are found
How rocks change


8. Share with the class what you wrote in
your notebook!
 Here
are two links to lessons/activities
about rocks
 http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/scienceclips
/ages/7_8/rocks_soils.shtml - This website
allows you to virtually test different
properties of rocks.
 http://www.gamequarium.org/cgi-
bin/search/linfo.cgi?id=9686 – This is a link
to a Magic School Bus episode about rocks
and erosion.
 http://library.thinkquest.org/J002289/roc
ks.html#
 http://www.kidsgeo.com/geology-forkids/0028-metamorphic-rocks.php
 http://www.rocksforkids.com/RFK/howro
cks.html#Metamorphic
 http://www.historyforkids.org/sciencefor
kids/geology/rocks/metamorphic/