MIXED METHOD RESEARCH = .MMR.
CONTOH-CONTOH
PUBLIKASI
.
Journal of Mixed Methods Research
.
The Journal of Mixed Methods Research (JMMR) is an
innovative, quarterly, interdisciplinary, international
publication that focuses on empirical, methodological, and
theoretical articles about mixed methods research across the
social, behavioral, health, and human sciences.
The journal's scope includes delineating where mixed
methods research may be used most effectively, illuminating
design and procedure issues, and determining the logistics of
conducting mixed methods research.
Diunduh dari:
http://mmr.sagepub.com/…… 21/9/2012
DOI: 10.1177/1558689806298224
2007; 1; 112 Journal of Mixed Methods Research
R. Burke Johnson, Anthony J. Onwuegbuzie and Lisa A. Turner
Toward a Definition of Mixed Methods Research.
Mixed methods research (also called
mixed research) is becoming
increasingly articulated, attached to
research practice, and recognized as
the third major research approach or
research paradigm, along with
qualitative research and quantitative
research.
Diunduh dari:
http://drupal.coe.unt.edu/sites/default/files/24/59/Johnson,%20Burke%20Mixed%20Methods%20Research.pdf……
21/9/2012
DOI: 10.1177/1558689806298224
2007; 1; 112 Journal of Mixed Methods Research
R. Burke Johnson, Anthony J. Onwuegbuzie and Lisa A. Turner
Toward a Definition of Mixed Methods Research.
A History of Mixed Methods Research
We would position mixed research between the extremes Plato (quantitative
research) and the Sophists (qualitative research), with mixed research attempting to
respect fully the wisdom of both of these viewpoints while also seeking a workable
middle solution for many (research) problems of interest.
Today, the primary philosophy of mixed research is that of pragmatism.
Mixed methods research is, generally speaking, an approach to knowledge (theory
and practice) that attempts to consider multiple viewpoints, perspectives, positions,
and standpoints (always including the standpoints of qualitative and quantitative
research).
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http://drupal.coe.unt.edu/sites/default/files/24/59/Johnson,%20Burke%20Mixed%20Methods%20Research.pdf……
21/9/2012
DOI: 10.1177/1558689806298224
2007; 1; 112 Journal of Mixed Methods Research
R. Burke Johnson, Anthony J. Onwuegbuzie and Lisa A. Turner
Toward a Definition of Mixed Methods Research.
Mixed research, in its recent history in the social and behavioral
or human sciences, started with researchers and methodologists
who believed qualitative and quantitative viewpoints and
methods were useful as they addressed their research questions.
For the 20th century, “mixed research” (in the sense of including
what we, today, would call qualitative and quantitative data) can
be seen in the work of cultural anthropologists and, especially,
the fieldwork sociologists.
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http://drupal.coe.unt.edu/sites/default/files/24/59/Johnson,%20Burke%20Mixed%20Methods%20Research.pdf……
21/9/2012
DOI: 10.1177/1558689806298224
2007; 1; 112 Journal of Mixed Methods Research
R. Burke Johnson, Anthony J. Onwuegbuzie and Lisa A. Turner
Toward a Definition of Mixed Methods Research.
Denzin (1978) defined triangulation as “the combination of
methodologies in the study of the same phenomenon” .
1.
2.
3.
4.
The four types of triangulation:
Data triangulation (i.e., use of a variety of sources in a study),
Investigator triangulation (i.e., use of several different
researchers),
Theory triangulation (i.e., use of multiple perspectives and
theories to interpret the results of a study), and
Methodological triangulation (i.e., use of multiple methods to
study a research problem).
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http://drupal.coe.unt.edu/sites/default/files/24/59/Johnson,%20Burke%20Mixed%20Methods%20Research.pdf……
21/9/2012
DOI: 10.1177/1558689806298224
2007; 1; 112 Journal of Mixed Methods Research
R. Burke Johnson, Anthony J. Onwuegbuzie and Lisa A. Turner
Toward a Definition of Mixed Methods Research.
Jick (1979) noted the following advantages of triangulation:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
It allows researchers to be more confident of their results;
It stimulates the development of creative ways of collecting data;
It can lead to thicker, richer data;
It can lead to the synthesis or integration of theories;
It can uncover contradictions, and
By virtue of its comprehensiveness, it may serve as the litmus test
for competing theories.
Diunduh dari:
http://drupal.coe.unt.edu/sites/default/files/24/59/Johnson,%20Burke%20Mixed%20Methods%20Research.pdf……
21/9/2012
DOI: 10.1177/1558689806298224
2007; 1; 112 Journal of Mixed Methods Research
R. Burke Johnson, Anthony J. Onwuegbuzie and Lisa A. Turner
Toward a Definition of Mixed Methods Research.
Greene, Caracelli, and Graham (1989) identified the five purposes or rationales of
mixed methodological studies:
1. Triangulation (i.e., seeking convergence and corroboration of results from
2.
3.
4.
5.
different methods studying the same phenomenon),
Complementarity (i.e., seeking elaboration, enhancement, illustration,
clarification of the results from one method with results from the other
method),
Development (i.e., using the results from one method to other method),
Initiation (i.e., discovering paradoxes and contradictions that lead to a
reframing of the research question), and
Expansion (i.e., seeking to expand the breadth and range of inquiry by using
different methods for different inquiry components).
Diunduh dari:
http://drupal.coe.unt.edu/sites/default/files/24/59/Johnson,%20Burke%20Mixed%20Methods%20Research.pdf……
21/9/2012
DOI: 10.1177/1558689806298224
2007; 1; 112 Journal of Mixed Methods Research
R. Burke Johnson, Anthony J. Onwuegbuzie and Lisa A. Turner
Toward a Definition of Mixed Methods Research.
Collins, Onwuegbuzie, and Sutton (2006) identified four rationales for
conducting mixed research:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Participant enrichment (e.g., mixing quantitative and qualitative research to
optimize the sample using techniques that include recruiting participants),
Instrument fidelity (e.g., assessing the appropriateness and/or utility of existing
instruments, creating new instruments, monitoring performance of human
instruments),
Treatment integrity (i.e., assessing fidelity of intervention),
Significance enhancement (e.g., facilitating thickness and richness of data,
augmenting interpretation and usefulness of findings).
Diunduh dari:
http://drupal.coe.unt.edu/sites/default/files/24/59/Johnson,%20Burke%20Mixed%20Methods%20Research.pdf……
21/9/2012
DOI: 10.1177/1558689806298224
2007; 1; 112 Journal of Mixed Methods Research
R. Burke Johnson, Anthony J. Onwuegbuzie and Lisa A. Turner
Toward a Definition of Mixed Methods Research.
Definitions of Mixed Methods Research
Huey Chen:
Mixed methods research is a systematic integration of quantitative and
qualitative methods in a single study for purposes of obtaining a fuller
picture and deeper understanding of a phenomenon.
Mixed methods can be integrated in such a way that qualitative and
quantitative methods retain their original structures and procedures
(pure form mixed methods). Alternatively, these two methods can be
adapted, altered, or synthesized to fit the research and cost situations of
the study (modified form mixed methods).
Diunduh dari:
http://drupal.coe.unt.edu/sites/default/files/24/59/Johnson,%20Burke%20Mixed%20Methods%20Research.pdf……
21/9/2012
DOI: 10.1177/1558689806298224
2007; 1; 112 Journal of Mixed Methods Research
R. Burke Johnson, Anthony J. Onwuegbuzie and Lisa A. Turner
Toward a Definition of Mixed Methods Research.
John Creswell:
Mixed methods research is a research design (or methodology) in
which the researcher collects, analyzes, and
mixes (integrates or connects) both quantitative and qualitative data
in a single study or a multiphase program
of inquiry.
Steve Currall:
Mixed methods research involves the sequential or simultaneous use
of both qualitative and quantitative data
collection and/or data analysis techniques.
Diunduh dari:
http://drupal.coe.unt.edu/sites/default/files/24/59/Johnson,%20Burke%20Mixed%20Methods%20Research.pdf……
21/9/2012
DOI: 10.1177/1558689806298224
2007; 1; 112 Journal of Mixed Methods Research
R. Burke Johnson, Anthony J. Onwuegbuzie and Lisa A. Turner
Toward a Definition of Mixed Methods Research.
Isadore Newman:
Mixed methods research is a set of procedures that should be used when
integrating qualitative and quantitative procedures reflects the research
question(s) better than each can independently.
The combining of quantitative and qualitative methods should better inform
the researcher and the effectiveness of mixed methods should be evaluated
based upon how the approach enables the investigator to answer the
research question(s) embedded in the purpose(s) (why the study is being
conducted or is needed; the justification) of the study.
(Newman, Ridenour, Newman & DeMarco, 2003.)
Diunduh dari:
http://drupal.coe.unt.edu/sites/default/files/24/59/Johnson,%20Burke%20Mixed%20Methods%20Research.pdf……
21/9/2012
DOI: 10.1177/1558689806298224
2007; 1; 112 Journal of Mixed Methods Research
R. Burke Johnson, Anthony J. Onwuegbuzie and Lisa A. Turner
Toward a Definition of Mixed Methods Research.
Mixed methods research is the type of research in which a researcher or team of
researchers combines elements of qualitative and quantitative research
approaches (e.g., use of qualitative and quantitative viewpoints, data collection,
analysis, inference techniques) for the broad purposes of breadth and depth of
understanding and corroboration.
This definition refers to mixed methods research as a type of research:
A mixed methods study would involve mixing within a single study; a mixed
method program would involve mixing within a program of research and the
mixing might occur across a closely related set of studies.
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http://drupal.coe.unt.edu/sites/default/files/24/59/Johnson,%20Burke%20Mixed%20Methods%20Research.pdf……
21/9/2012
DOI: 10.1177/1558689806298224
2007; 1; 112 Journal of Mixed Methods Research
R. Burke Johnson, Anthony J. Onwuegbuzie and Lisa A. Turner
Toward a Definition of Mixed Methods Research.
Graphic of the Three Major Research Paradigms, Including Subtypes
of Mixed Methods Research
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http://drupal.coe.unt.edu/sites/default/files/24/59/Johnson,%20Burke%20Mixed%20Methods%20Research.pdf……
21/9/2012
DOI: 10.1177/1558689806298224
2007; 1; 112 Journal of Mixed Methods Research
R. Burke Johnson, Anthony J. Onwuegbuzie and Lisa A. Turner
Toward a Definition of Mixed Methods Research.
Current Issues for Mixed Methods Research
What are effective strategies for integration at different stages of the research
process?
Bazeley (2006) has carefully examined how to integrate qualitative and quantitative
data using data analysis software.
Tashakkori and Teddlie (2006) discussed the process of making metainferences (that
are based on the integration of qualitative and quantitative strands in research
studies).
The key idea that mixed methods research requires some form of integration is clear;
still, however, additional research is needed to further explicate this process.
Diunduh dari:
http://drupal.coe.unt.edu/sites/default/files/24/59/Johnson,%20Burke%20Mixed%20Methods%20Research.pdf……
21/9/2012
DOI: 10.1177/1558689806298224
2007; 1; 112 Journal of Mixed Methods Research
R. Burke Johnson, Anthony J. Onwuegbuzie and Lisa A. Turner
Toward a Definition of Mixed Methods Research.
Current Issues for Mixed Methods Research
Does mixed methods need a particular, detailed set of philosophical and
methodological positions?
Variation in particular philosophical commitments should be welcome in
mixed methods research, and we should embrace these differences as an
important part of the mixed methods research paradigm.
It is important that arguments and discussion about “appropriate”
philosophical commitments continue, so that the field is self-reflexive and
continues to grow (philosophically).
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http://drupal.coe.unt.edu/sites/default/files/24/59/Johnson,%20Burke%20Mixed%20Methods%20Research.pdf……
21/9/2012
DOI: 10.1177/1558689806298224
2007; 1; 112 Journal of Mixed Methods Research
R. Burke Johnson, Anthony J. Onwuegbuzie and Lisa A. Turner
Toward a Definition of Mixed Methods Research.
Current Issues for Mixed Methods Research
Are equal status designs (equal use of quantitative and qualitative
epistemologies) possible?
To address specifically the issue of mixing ideas associated with research
paradigms, we have introduced a concept called commensurability validity or
legitimation, which is “the extent to which the meta-inferences made [in a mixed
methods study] reflect a mixed worldview based on the cognitive process of
Gestalt switching and integration” .
The strong (or fully) mixed methods position, we argue, is developed only after
explicit and systematic consideration of qualitative and quantitative perspectives.
Diunduh dari:
http://drupal.coe.unt.edu/sites/default/files/24/59/Johnson,%20Burke%20Mixed%20Methods%20Research.pdf……
21/9/2012
DOI: 10.1177/1558689806298224
2007; 1; 112 Journal of Mixed Methods Research
R. Burke Johnson, Anthony J. Onwuegbuzie and Lisa A. Turner
Toward a Definition of Mixed Methods Research.
Current Issues for Mixed Methods Research
Should and how might qualitative dominant, equal status, and quantitative
dominant mixed methods research be more fully developed and differentiated?
Will the qualitative and quantitative dominant mixed research be explicitly
incorporated into the qualitative and quantitative research paradigms or will they
develop as distinct types?
This should be an exciting area for future research as researchers and
methodologists coming from different epistemological perspectives construct and
systematize these subtypes.
Diunduh dari:
http://drupal.coe.unt.edu/sites/default/files/24/59/Johnson,%20Burke%20Mixed%20Methods%20Research.pdf……
21/9/2012
DOI: 10.1177/1558689806298224
2007; 1; 112 Journal of Mixed Methods Research
R. Burke Johnson, Anthony J. Onwuegbuzie and Lisa A. Turner
Toward a Definition of Mixed Methods Research.
Current Issues for Mixed Methods Research
What are the details of a full contingency theory for the conduct of
human research?
That is, exactly
1. When and under what conditions should qualitative research be
considered the appropriate approach,
2. When and under what conditions should quantitative research be
considered the appropriate approach, and
3. When and under what conditions should mixed research be
considered the appropriate approach?
Diunduh dari:
http://drupal.coe.unt.edu/sites/default/files/24/59/Johnson,%20Burke%20Mixed%20Methods%20Research.pdf……
21/9/2012
DOI: 10.1177/1558689806298224
2007; 1; 112 Journal of Mixed Methods Research
R. Burke Johnson, Anthony J. Onwuegbuzie and Lisa A. Turner
Toward a Definition of Mixed Methods Research.
Current Issues for Mixed Methods Research
What are the details of a full contingency theory for the conduct of human
research?
A strength of a contingency theory of research is that the strengths and
weaknesses of qualitative, quantitative, and mixed research are recognized, and
all three approaches are considered to be important and needed, albeit in
different circumstances.
A contingency theory also needs to be carefully developed to help the mixed
methods researcher make wise decisions about how to mix methods and
approaches in relation to situational contingencies (e.g., given limited resources,
what is the best combination to maximize usefulness of information and
evidence?).
Diunduh dari:
http://drupal.coe.unt.edu/sites/default/files/24/59/Johnson,%20Burke%20Mixed%20Methods%20Research.pdf……
21/9/2012
DOI: 10.1177/1558689806298224
2007; 1; 112 Journal of Mixed Methods Research
R. Burke Johnson, Anthony J. Onwuegbuzie and Lisa A. Turner
Toward a Definition of Mixed Methods Research.
Current Issues for Mixed Methods Research
A fuller definition of mixed methods research might include reference to the logic of
mixed research.
We believe that additional work is needed to explicate this logic or set of logics.
When designing a mixed study, according to this “logic,” the research should
strategically combine qualitative and quantitative methods, approaches, and
concepts in a way that produces complementary strengths and nonoverlapping
weaknesses.
Consideration of the strengths and weaknesses of different approaches is required in
relation to situational contingencies.
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http://drupal.coe.unt.edu/sites/default/files/24/59/Johnson,%20Burke%20Mixed%20Methods%20Research.pdf……
21/9/2012
DOI: 10.1177/1558689806298224
2007; 1; 112 Journal of Mixed Methods Research
R. Burke Johnson, Anthony J. Onwuegbuzie and Lisa A. Turner
Toward a Definition of Mixed Methods Research.
Current Issues for Mixed Methods Research
Tenth, will the field be able to develop a typology of mixed methods designs that can
be broadly agreed upon?
Currently, several typologies are available including, for example, Creswell and Plano
Clark (2007), Morgan (1998), and Teddlie and Tashakkori (2006).
Do the qualitative dominant, quantitative dominant, and pure mixed methods
research need separate sets of designs? We tentatively suggest that the answer is
yes.
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http://drupal.coe.unt.edu/sites/default/files/24/59/Johnson,%20Burke%20Mixed%20Methods%20Research.pdf……
21/9/2012
DOI: 10.1177/1558689806298224
2007; 1; 112 Journal of Mixed Methods Research
R. Burke Johnson, Anthony J. Onwuegbuzie and Lisa A. Turner
Toward a Definition of Mixed Methods Research.
Current Issues for Mixed Methods Research
Eleventh, and last, if one were to view mixed methods research, metaphorically, as
the trunk of a tree, then what are its branches?
For example, should the major branches be labeled QUAL+quan, QUAN+qual, and
QUAN+QUAL? What other branches or specialized types might develop over time
(e.g., transformative mixed methods, collaborative mixed methods, reflective mixed
methods)?
We expect many more specific types of mixed methods research and designs to
crystallize in the future as researchers relate mixed methods research concepts and
thinking to new and reoccurring research problems and situations.
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http://drupal.coe.unt.edu/sites/default/files/24/59/Johnson,%20Burke%20Mixed%20Methods%20Research.pdf……
21/9/2012
A Multimethod Approach to the Study of Sensitive Organizational Issues
Karen A. Jehn and Karsten Jonsen
Journal of Mixed Methods Research October 2010 vol. 4 no. 4 313-341
Sensitive organizational issues such as conflict, lying and deceit, and personal health issues are
difficult to investigate because of their complex, elusive, and sometimes threatening nature as
well as their potential consequences.
In this article, an approach is presented that uses triangulation of multiple quantitative and
qualitative methods to investigate sensitive organizational issues.
This study of organizational conflict illustrates special data elicitation techniques (e.g., tree
graphs, third-person questioning) designed to decrease the reluctance of employees to
respond to various forms of inquiry.
The qualitative approach complements the survey methods by identifying, categorizing, and
verifying the existence of constructs.
The benefits of the elicitation techniques, computerized text analysis, and multimethod
comparison processes as remedies for research problems accentuated in studies of sensitive
organizational issues are discussed.
Diunduh dari: http://mmr.sagepub.com/content/4/4/313.abstract …… 21/9/2012
Language Learning Motivation in Early Adolescents: Using Mixed Methods Research to Explore
Contradiction
Pamela M. Wesely
Journal of Mixed Methods Research October 2010 vol. 4 no. 4 295-312.
This mixed methods study with an Explanatory Design is an exploration of students’
language learning motivation as it relates to their attrition from a language
immersion program.
A total of 131 students who had graduated from five public elementary immersion
schools responded to surveys, and 33 of those students were interviewed.
Data analysis procedures included a theme analysis of the interview data, a
statistical analysis of the survey data, and an integrated consideration of the
qualitative and quantitative findings.
It was found that mixed methods research can be uniquely revealing about social
psychological constructs such as motivation, it can offer new perspectives where
previous studies were contradictory, and it can accommodate multiple theoretical
frameworks.
Diunduh dari: http://mmr.sagepub.com/content/4/4/295.abstract …… 21/9/2012
The Use and Added Value of Mixed Methods in Management Research
José F. Molina-Azorίn
. Journal of Mixed Methods Research January 2011 vol. 5 no. 1 7-24
The prevalence, characteristics, and added value of mixed methods
articles published in two management fields are examined through a
sequential mixed methods design with four phases.
The results show that mixed methods articles are published in
management journals with different prevalence rates and
characteristics. Moreover, an analysis of the impact and added value
of mixed methods to the field of management is carried out.
Implications for scholars, academic institutions, and journals with
regard to the application and publication of mixed methods research
are examined.
Diunduh dari:
…… 21/9/2012
Refining a Location Analysis Model Using a Mixed Methods Approach: Community Readiness
as a Key Factor in Siting Rural Palliative Care Services
Valorie A. Crooks, Nadine Schuurman, Jonathan Cinnamon, Heather Castleden, Rory Johnston.
Journal of Mixed Methods Research January 2011 vol. 5 no. 1 77-95.
Drawing on recent debates pointing to the value of mixed methods research in
human geography, the authors revisit a quantitative location analysis model
previously created to site palliative care services in rural British Columbia, Canada.
The original quantitative model posited that population (i.e., number of residents in
the community), isolation (i.e., travel time to existing specialized palliative care), and
vulnerability (i.e., number of residents older than 65 years in the community) are
three factors that must be accounted for when siting palliative care services in rural
areas.
Using qualitative interview data, the authors refine this model to include a newly
identified factor: community readiness.
They conclude with a discussion of the benefits of adopting a mixed methods
approach to location analysis model development.
Diunduh dari:
…… 21/9/2012
A Methodology for Conducting Integrative Mixed Methods Research and Data
Analyses
Felipe González Castro, Joshua G. Kellison, Stephen J. Boyd, Albert Kopak
Journal of Mixed Methods Research October 2010 vol. 4 no. 4 342-360
Mixed methods research has gained visibility within the last few years, although
limitations persist regarding the scientific caliber of certain mixed methods research
designs and methods.
The need exists for rigorous mixed methods designs that integrate various data
analytic procedures for a seamless transfer of evidence across qualitative and
quantitative modalities.
Such designs can offer the strength of confirmatory results drawn from quantitative
multivariate analyses, along with “deep structure” explanatory descriptions as
drawn from qualitative analyses.
This article presents evidence generated from over a decade of pilot research in
developing an integrative mixed methods methodology. It presents a conceptual
framework and methodological and data analytic procedures for conducting mixed
methods research studies, and it also presents illustrative examples from the
authors’ ongoing integrative mixed methods research studies.
Diunduh dari: http://mmr.sagepub.com/content/4/4/342.short?rss=1&amp%3bssource=mfr …… 21/9/2012
Multiple Research Approaches.
IJMRA = International Journal of Multiple Research Approaches is
an international peer-reviewed journal for timely publication of global
research, scholarship, educational, researcher and practitioner
perspectives on multiple, hybrid (outcome of unusual blending),
synergistic (combined effect), integrated and cultural research
approaches (be these Indigenous, institutional, or community based)
including the Asian, Arctic, Pacific, Latin American and African regions,
as well as European and North American.
The journal's primary focus is effectively to combine various
theoretical frameworks, methodologies and methods to address
current research questions appropriately.
Diunduh dari: http://mra.e-contentmanagement.com/ …… 21/9/2012
Beyond the ceiling effect: Using a mixed methods approach to measure patient satisfaction
Sharon Andrew, Yenna Salamonson, Bronwyn Everett, Elizabeth J Halcomb, Patricia M
Davidson. IJMRA 2011 5(1): 052 - 063.
This study reports patient satisfaction with the nursing care on a neurosurgical critical care
unit. A modified version of the Ludwig-Beymer Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire (PSQ-7) was
used, and included structured items and semi-structured interview questions. Data were
collected from 149 patients. Participants rated their satisfaction as high (Mean = 25.14; SD =
2.96). The distribution of scores was skewed and every item demonstrated a ceiling effect.
Principal component analysis yielded a one-component solution which explained 48% of the
variance.
NVivo® was used to match PSQ-7 scores with qualitative data. Participants' comments were
categorised as positive, negative or 'yes, but'. Just over half the patients made positive
comments and 29% of patients in the low group made negative comments. Three categories:
'communication', 'nursing care delivery' and 'the hospital environment' emerged from the
qualitative data.
A mixed method approach enables researchers to move beyond the ceiling effect of
quantitative measures of patient satisfaction and to gain a more meaningful explanation of
patient satisfaction.
Diunduh dari: http://mra.e-contentmanagement.com/archives/vol/5/issue/1/article/3854/beyond-the-ceiling-effect ……
22/9/2012
Integrating qualitative and quantitative research approaches via the
phenomenological method
William Paul Fisher AND A Jackson Stenner
IJMRA 2011 5(1): 089 - 103.
Separated and mixed applications of qualitative and quantitative methods are
typically encumbered by markedly different philosophical orientations. Multiple
inefficiencies arise when mixed methods work at cross purposes with each other.
The phenomenological method, however, has the potential to integrate qualitative
and quantitative concerns in ways that orient research towards uniform criteria of
substantive meaningfulness and mathematical rigour. Three characteristics of a
qualitative-quantitative methodological pluralism are described: structural
invariance, substantive interpretability and the display of anomaly.
When combined with networked information technologies, new opportunities
emerge for a qualitatively meaningful and quantitatively precise measurement
framework in the research and practice of the health sciences.
Diunduh dari: http://mra.e-contentmanagement.com/archives/vol/5/issue/1/article/3856/integrating-qualitative-andquantitative-research …… 23/9/2012
Tracking employees' twists and turns: Describing a mixed methods approach to
assessing change in the psychological contract
Sarah Bankins
IJMRA 2011 5(3): 351 - 366
The psychological contract is a key analytical device utilised by both academics and
practitioners to conceptualise and explore the operation of the employment
relationship. However, despite the recognised importance of the construct, some
authors suggest that its empirical investigation has fallen into a 'methodological rut'
[Conway & Briner, 2005, p. 89] and neglects to assess key tenets of the concept, such
as its temporal and dynamic nature.
This paper outlines the research design of a longitudinal, mixed methods study
which draws upon the strengths of both qualitative and quantitative modes of
inquiry in order to explore the development of, and changes in, the psychological
contract.
Supported by a critical realist philosophy, the paper offers a research design suitable
for exploring the processes of change not only within the psychological contract, but
also similar constructs in the human resource management and broader
organisational behaviour fields.
Diunduh dari: http://mra.e-contentmanagement.com/archives/vol/5/issue/3/article/4462/tracking-employees-twistsand-turns …… 21/9/2012
. Mixed
method research designs: A case study of their adoption in a
doctor of business administration program
Peter John Miller, Roslyn Cameron
IJMRA 2011 5(3) : 387 - 402
The paper presents empirical data concerning the utilisation of mixed method
research in Doctor of Business Administration (DBA) research projects (theses). The
Southern Cross University, Australia, DBA program was established in 1996 as a
research degree and has successfully graduated over 250 graduates from a diverse
range of countries across the globe. It is the largest DBA program in the Australasia.
The research will present prevalence rates of mixed methods research utilised by
doctoral candidates, data will be presented on the most frequently used data
collection methods and research approaches within the field of business and
management, with empirical data from a number of countries including Australia,
Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore, and Indonesia. Emergent issues with regard to the
use of mixed methods research in business and management research and the
teaching of mixed methods are discussed.
Diunduh dari: http://mra.e-contentmanagement.com/archives/vol/5/issue/3/article/4445/mixed-method-researchdesigns …… 23/9/2012
. Combined methods in poverty analysis: Experiences from Namibia
Sebastian Levine, Benjamin Roberts
IJMRA 2008 2(2): 205-211
We explore differences in the findings on poverty in Namibia from a series participatory
poverty assessments and a household survey on household income and expenditure. We find
that the main conclusions from these research processes appear plausible even if they point to
diverging paths of poverty. These results are attributed to methodological challenges and
especially to different perceptions about the determinants of poverty that each approach
conveys.
Using a Q-Squared approach we illustrate that when definitions of poverty based on the
perceptions raised in the qualitative assessments are used on the quantitative data then the
results tend to converge. One particularly interesting finding is that those identified as poor
using the official poverty measure, established explicitly to capture deprivation in
consumption expenditure, have higher average levels of consumption expenditure than a
combined Q-Squared measure based exclusively on non-monetary criteria.
We generally find that while there might have been a real improvement in consumption-based
measures of poverty over time, given the emphasis on issues related to assets, access to and
quality of delivery of basic services, and issues related to vulnerabilities (especially food
insecurity and the AIDS epidemic) in the participatory poverty assessments, it is not surprising
that the qualitative data point to deteriorating living conditions.
Diunduh dari: http://mra.e-contentmanagement.com/archives/vol/2/issue/2/article/2368/combined-methods-in-
QUALITY & QUANTITY:
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF METHODOLOGY.
Quality and Quantity constitutes a point of reference for European and nonEuropean scholars to discuss instruments of methodology for more rigorous
scientific results in the social sciences.
The journal publishes papers on models of classification, methods for
constructing typologies, models of simulation, neural networks and
fuzzy sets for social research, mathematical models applied to social
mobility, mathematical models of voting behavior, qualitative
methodology and feminist methodology, discussions on the general
logic of empirical research, analysis of the validity and verification of
social laws, and similar topics.
Quality and Quantity is an interdisciplinary journal which
systematically correlates disciplines such as mathematics and statistics
with the social sciences, particularly sociology, economics, and social
psychology.
Diunduh dari: http://www.springer.com/social+sciences/journal/11135 …… 23/9/2012
Passenger satisfaction: a multi-group analysis
Laura Antonucci, Corrado Crocetta, Francesco D. d’Ovidio and Ernesto Toma
Quality & Quantity. 2012, DOI: 10.1007/s11135-012-9771-7
..
To analyse the level of passenger satisfaction of a public local transport service, after
an explorative factorial analysis, a Structural Equation Model was adopted. The main
goal of this paper is to verify how much some service characteristics could influence
the perceived quality of the service.
The passengers are found very sensitive to the level of the service organization and
to the way the service is delivered (punctuality and regularity, and short waiting
time). The safety and reliability of buses, the level of comfort and cleanness and the
professionalism and courtesy of staff had, also, a big weight to determinate of the
customer satisfaction. Applying a further analysis on different sub-samples, based on
individual characteristics, we found that the model above identified is full invariant
for different residence area and frequency of use of the service, and partially
invariant for age groups, employment status, time slot of use and reason of use.
The test of invariance the structural coefficients failed considering gender or
education level of the passengers.
Diunduh dari: http://www.springerlink.com/content/102985/?Content+Status=Accepted&MUD=MP …… 23/9/2012
. Measuring the quality of work: the case of the Italian social
cooperative
Maurizio Carpita and Silvia Golia
Quality & Quantity. 2012 46(6): 1659-1685
Quality of work has within a short time become a major subject of study and discussion in
labour economy.
Its quantification is a challenging task because it implies the translation of various subjective
perceptions into a single objective measure (composite indicator).
In this paper, the method used to construct measures is the Rating Scale Model and the
available data come from the Survey on Italian Social Cooperatives carried out in 2007.
The validity of the obtained Rasch measures is tested with respect to some overall variables of
the quality of work.
Moreover, using inferential confidence intervals, these measures are utilized to evaluate the
differences in the perception of the quality of work due to worker (gender, age and education)
and cooperative (type, dimension and geographic area) characteristics, work characteristics
(service area, membership, time and type of contract) and work incentives (economic,
professional and learning).
Diunduh dari: http://www.springerlink.com/content/r7n84400q456/ …… 23/9/2012
Combining research techniques to improve quality service in hospitality
Mar Vila, Xari Rovira, Gerard Costa and Ricard Santoma.
Quality & Quantity. Volume 46. Number 3 / April 2012 . P. 795-812
.
Hospitality research includes many studies that combine and revisit the quantitative–qualitative debate,
and review the arguments for and against using mixed-methods. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate
the application of qualitative methodologies based on the combination of techniques which also include
quantitative elements in addition to those pertaining to qualitative techniques.
The research aims to specifically identify the most important managerial factors which, from the point of
view of hotel chain executives, serve to improve the quality of the service they provide.
The techniques used are concept mapping and qualitative optimization, both of which are qualitative
methodologies though they include quantitative elements to overcome the subjectivity deficits typically
found in qualitative methodologies. In addition, the combination of both techniques leads to greater
precision of the results obtained. Our methodological proposal combines concept mapping with
qualitative optimisation, thereby improving the prioritisation and hierarchical ordering of the ideas
obtained and structured.
Instead of working with each cluster’s average score in terms of importance (as defined within the
concept mapping model), our contribution is based on prioritising these based on their distance to the
optimal reference. This allows for experts’ evaluations of each idea in terms of its importance to not be
strictly quantitative, that is, the experts are not obligated to assign numbers to their evaluations; rather,
they can assess ideas based on qualitative labels.
Diunduh dari: http://www.springerlink.com/content/0033-5177/46/3/ …… 23/9/2012
. A Multimethod Approach to Identifying Norms and Normative Expectations Within a
Corporate Hierarchy: Evidence from the Financial Services Industry
Stephen V. Burks and Erin L. Krupka
Management Science January 2012 vol. 58 no. 1 203-217.
We use an incentive-compatible economic experiment and surveys in the field at a large
financial services firm to identify the norms for on-the-job behavior among financial advisers
and their leaders, and the normative expectations each group has of the other.
We examine whistle-blowing on a peer, an incentive clash between serving the client and
earning commissions, and a dilemma about fiduciary responsibility to a client.
We find patterns of agreement among advisers, among leaders, and between the two groups,
that are consistent with company guidelines identified ex ante. However, we also find
measurable differences between what leaders expect and the actual norms of advisers.
When there is such a mismatch we are able to distinguish miscommunication from ethical
disagreement between leaders and advisers.
Finally, we show that when advisers' personal ethical opinions do not match group norms, this
mismatch is correlated with job dissatisfaction and lying for money in a second experiment.
Diunduh dari: http://mansci.journal.informs.org/content/58/1/203.abstract …… 23/9/2012
. MIXED METHODS RESEARCH DESIGN.
The nature of mixed methods design of the research
Being a pragmatist, the current research methodology is a mixed methods research
design. Mixed methods design is a type of research which involves ‘the collection or
analysis of both quantitative and qualitative data in a single study in which the data
are collected concurrently or sequentially (Creswell, 2003; Creswell, 2008).
Diunduh dari: http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/fac/soc/wie/courses/degrees/docs/who/students/edrhal/research/design/armpaper/ ……
23/9/2012
. MIXED METHODS RESEARCH DESIGN.
The nature of mixed methods design of the research
According to Gray (2009), ‘mixed methods design is used in circumstances
where relatively little or nothing is known about the research setting or
research problems.
In such situations, it would be unfeasible and impractical to design a
questionnaire, since the constructs being measured are either unknown or
not sufficiently understood.
The qualitative study, then, explores, identifies and can provide clarity
about the kinds of variables requiring further investigation.’
Diunduh dari: http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/fac/soc/wie/courses/degrees/docs/who/students/edrhal/research/design/armpaper/ ……
23/9/2012
. Mixing Methods in Innovation Research: Studying the Process-Culture-Link in
Innovation Management
Jens O. Meissner & Martin Sprenger
Forum Qualitative Social Research (FQS). Volume 11, No. 3, Art. 13 – September 2010.
Two trends in innovation management have influenced the basic idea of this paper. The first trend shows
increased attempts by managers to utilize linear innovation processes derived from literature and from
practice. The second trend is an increasing acceptance of the dynamics created in an "innovation culture,"
as being one of the key drivers of innovation. Both approaches partially contrast each other.
The missing link between innovation process design and innovation culture at the firm-level provides the
theoretical framework of this paper. Behind the scenes of innovation management studies, we realized a
methodological gap existed between the research of innovation cultures and their impact upon an
organization's innovation processes.
Thus, we applied a methodological mix of problem-centered interviews, structural analyses, and context
analyses to study the phenomenon. We conducted an interview-based single case study in a Swiss
telecommunications company. From these methodologies we created a themed landscape comprising
relational topics of the innovation dynamics within an innovation project in the company (one year
duration) and briefly described each topic.
The main finding in our study is the dynamic role-model that innovation managers in large service firms
have to apply to succeed in their innovation management work. Thus, our methodological mix proved to
be helpful, although some weaknesses remain to be solved in the future.
Diunduh dari: http://www.qualitative-research.net/index.php/fqs/article/view/1560/3073 …… 23/9/2012
. Mixing Methods in Innovation Research: Studying the Process-Culture-Link in
Innovation Management
Jens O. Meissner & Martin Sprenger
Forum Qualitative Social Research (FQS). Volume 11, No. 3, Art. 13 – September 2010.
Diunduh dari: http://www.qualitative-research.net/index.php/fqs/article/view/1560/3073 …… 23/9/2012
. The other side of sustainable innovation: is there a demand for innovative services?
Markku Anttonen, Minna Halme, Eeva Houtbeckers, Johanna Nurkka.
. Journal of Cleaner Production. Available online 23 December 2011
As one prominent form of sustainable innovation, eco-efficient services have been promoted
as a promising way towards more sustainable societies. However, they have not turned into
reality as expected. This paper argues that one of the primary reasons for the slow market
penetration of eco-efficient services is the mismatch between customers’ needs and service
providers’ offerings.
In order to start to bridge the knowledge gap, we investigate such customer needs through the
analysis of interview and survey data obtained from over 300 potential customer companies in
Finland, most of which operate either in the EU or globally.
The paper discusses what kinds of eco-efficient services customers need and under what
conditions, and which barriers hinder the use of eco-efficient services by business customers.
The customer companies desire material efficiency services for managing side streams and
non-core processes.
They primarily seek cost and broader business-efficiency improvements from these services,
and find that service providers should be able to construct a clear business case when
marketing services.
Finally, although there are material efficiency services in the market, customer companies find
they are not being marketed actively.
Diunduh dari: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959652611005440 …… 23/9/2012
. The other side of sustainable innovation: is there a demand for innovative services?
Markku Anttonen, Minna Halme, Eeva Houtbeckers, Johanna Nurkka.
. Journal of Cleaner Production. Available online 23 December 2011
Framework for the study: Factors influencing the demand of innovative B2B eco-efficient
services according to previous research.
Diunduh dari: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959652611005440 …… 23/9/2012
. The other side of sustainable innovation: is there a demand for innovative services?
Markku Anttonen, Minna Halme, Eeva Houtbeckers, Johanna Nurkka.
. Journal of Cleaner Production. Available online 23 December 2011
Complemented framework: A comprehensive set of factors influencing the demand of
innovative B2B eco-efficient services.
Diunduh dari: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959652611005440…… 23/9/2012
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