MICE
The International Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment
MUTAC meeting – 18-04-2007 Alain Blondel
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MICE
1. Why, what and who?
2. MICE Funding/status/schedule
-- Phase I
-- Phase II
3. Conclusions
Collaboration membership and organization in appendix
http://mice.iit.edu
MUTAC meeting – 18-04-2007 Alain Blondel
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IONIZATION COOLING
principle:
this will surely work..!
reality (simplified)
….maybe…
A delicate technology and integration problem
Need to build a realistic prototype and verify that it works (i.e. cools a beam)
Can it be built? Operate reliably? What performance can one get?
Difficulty: affordable prototype of cooling section only cools beam by 10%,
while standard emittance measurements barely achieve this precision.
Solution: measure the beam particle-by-particle
state-of-the-art particle physics instrumentation
will test state-of-the-art accelerator technology.
MUTAC meeting – 18-04-2007 Alain Blondel
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10% cooling of 200 MeV/c muons requires ~ 20 MV of RF
single particle measurements =>
measurement precision can be as good as D ( e out/e in ) = 10-3
never done before either…
Coupling Coils 1&2
Spectrometer
solenoid 1
Matching
coils 1&2
Focus coils 1
Focus coils 2
Focus coils 3
Matching
coils 1&2
Spectrometer
solenoid 2
m
Beam PID
TOF 0
Cherenkov
TOF 1
RF cavities 1
Variable
Diffuser
Incoming muon beam
RF cavities 2
Liquid Hydrogen absorbers 1,2,3
Downstream
TOF 2
particle ID:
KL and SW
Calorimeter
Trackers 1 & 2
measurement of emittance in and out
MUTAC meeting – 18-04-2007 Alain Blondel
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Challenges of MICE:
(these things have never been done before)
1.
Operate RF cavities of relatively low frequency (201 MHz) at high gradient
(nominal 8MV/m in MICE, 16 MV/m with 8 MW and LN2 cooled RF cavities)
in highly inhomogeneous magnetic fields (1-3 T)
dark currents (can heat up LH2), breakdowns
2. Hydrogen safety (substantial amounts of LH2 in vicinity of RF cavities)
3. Emittance measurement to relative precision of 10-3 in environment of RF bkg
requires
low mass (low multiple scattering) and precise tracker
fast and redundant to fight dark-current-induced background
precision Time-of-Flight for particle phase determination
(±3.60 = 50 ps)
complete set of PID detectors to eliminate beam pions and decay electrons
and…
4. Obtaining (substantial) funding for R&D towards a facility that is not (yet) in
the plans of a major lab
MUTAC meeting – 18-04-2007 Alain Blondel
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Design of MICE detectors and beam test results
satisfy the above requirements
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Aspirational MICE Schedule now (~unchanged since march 2006)
m
STEP I
beam line + detector
commissionning
starts August 2007!
STEP II
December 2007
STEP III
STEP IV
R&D
1 October 2007
March 2008
PHASE I
Early 2009
STEP V
Summer 2009
STEP VI
MUTAC meeting – 18-04-2007 Alain Blondel
2010
PHASE II
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The MICE BEAM LINE
MUTAC meeting – 18-04-2007 Alain Blondel
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MICE
Target
ISIS pulses at 50Hz
with flat top for ~2ms.
Electromagnetic driver dips
target in and out in~3ms.
Resp: Sheffield, Glasgow
actuator:
in lab
Target test succesful
Oct-Nov06
beam at 50Hz/64 (1.28s)
only 10 A target drive (need ~40)
Review on 6 march 2007
Ballistic control of target
critical… will be operated
3 months in beam before
October run
on the
beam
line
MUTACdetectors
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Beam line
Construction at RAL
is in full swing
layout in the vault
PSI solenoid
PSI sol. cryo
in the hall
drilling holes
quads
refurbishment
MUTAC meeting – 18-04-2007 Alain Blondel
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MICE Hall and infrastructure:
INSTALLATION
Commissng
Operation
Vault
closed
Cycle
start
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No access
target
upstream
beam line
upstream
beam
monitors
B1
controled
PSI sol
B2
Collimator
CV and CH
CKOV and TOF0
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Tracker
resp: Japan,UK,US
two identical trackers with 5 planes of 3-views,
440 mm point resolution achieved
scintillating fiber detector read-out with VPLCs
(7-fold ganging of 350 mm diameter fibers)
Prototypes with 3, 4 triple-planes
were built and tested on cosmics and
test beam at KEK (in 1 T mag field)
==> curvature measurement OK.
~330 mm
1000 mm
Improved QA procedures
for final production
Full production of tracker
started in January 2007
Fibre preparation & ribbon production at FNAL complete
First production VLPC cryostat is under construction (works at 50Hz mains!)
COMMISSION AT RAL STARTING in JUNE 2007
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TOF0, TOF1, KL; SW
TOF is Responsibility of M. Bonesini et al (INFN Milano, Pavia, Roma + Gva & Sofia)
Technically:
Two layers (x and y) of 4cm wide hodoscopes
60 ps resolution achieved in test beam
Phototubes/electronics/magnetic shield defined
construction of TOF0 and TOF1 underway
all phototubes and scintillator purchased
electronics purchased or
under construction
==> on course for delivery at RAL in August 2007
Very useful tools for beam diagnostics alignment etc…
KL calorimeter (4 X0 of lead sci-fibers sandwitch) first recognition of electrons
Under construction at ROMA III (L. Tortora) delivery in october 2007
SW calorimeter (100X100 X 80 cm deep scintillator ranger for positive muon ID)
First prototype layer under construction in Trieste (FNAL/Trieste/GVA collab.)
aim is to be operational in 2008 for full downstream PID capability
MUTAC meeting – 18-04-2007 Alain Blondel
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KL calorimeter
L=90
60
tracker
L=60
65
SW calorimeter
Spectrometer
solenoid
TOF and shielding
MUTAC meeting – 18-04-2007 Alain Blondel
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MICE DAQ & Trigger
Gva, UK, IIT, Osaka
data rate ~1MHz
…
DATE framework (ALICE expt
@cern)
Readout by VME
Trigger signals and run modes
established
Control and monitoring
established (Daresbury)
February, 2007: DAQ test bench set up at Uni-Geneva
March, 2007: Order MICE Stage 1 FEE hardware
July, 2007: Move MICE DAQ system to RAL
September, 2007: DAQ working in MICE Stage 1
MUTAC meeting – 18-04-2007 Alain Blondel
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Preparing for PHASE I : software, analysis & DATA Challenge
1. Basic simulation and reconstruction of MICE is complete for the various steps
Both G4MICE and MUCOOL are used.
2. Putting it all together to do analysis (particle reconstruction, particle ID algorithms
Single particle amplitude and emittance calculations, etc…)
3. Data challenge launched in March 2007
4. Shortage of hands (general in MICE) is particularly felt here.
Example 
Bias on emittance
due to muon decays
Would be ~0.5%
(i.e. 5% error
on cooling meast)
Reduced to <<0.1%
by PID+ tracker
This uses
tracker & TOF info
and PID signals
+Neural
Network
MUTAC
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Run plan -- steps I and II
m
STEP I
Aug.- Nov. 2007
STEP II
dec. 2007 to
march 2008
Goal:
Establish beam match and
whether we have all knobs
necessary to draw
emittance vs. transmission
curve. Measure emittance
Runnng time:
Take 200-400 muons per 1ms spill once per second
In steps I-IV 1% (0.1%) emittance meast will take <1 (<100) minute
10 times longer in steps V and VI where phase matters.
preliminary estimate
total for steps I & II: 70 days
STEP I requires 60 shifts (20 days of running)
beam line commissionning, target tuning (rates), DAQ and detector shake down
STEP II requires 150 shifts (50 days, will extend in 2008)
Alignment of beam x,x’,y,y’, (Lack of) dispersion,
check range of transverse emittance, and range of momenta
measure emittance and…
publish first paper
MUTAC meeting – 18-04-2007 Alain Blondel
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Instrumentation/commissioning
strawman schedule 2007 (from february 2007)
Task
Milestone
Commissioning period
U/stream diagnostics
13Jul07
14Jul07 – 08Aug07
CKOV 1
14Jul07
21Jul07 – 08Aug07
D/stream diagnostics
14Aug07
15Aug07 – 22Agu07
TOF 0
14Aug07
15Aug07 – 22Aug07
Tracker (no solenoid)
22Aug07
23Aug07 – 30Aug07
TOF 1
22Aug07
23Aug07 – 30Aug07
Downstream scint.
22Aug07
23Aug07 – 30Aug07
KL
31Aug07
01Sep07 – 15Sep07
start phase I data taking
02Oct07
02 Oct07 -
Tracker solenoid
01Nov07
02Nov07 – 22Nov07
Tracker+ diffuser +TOF1+KL
in solenoid
22Nov07
22Nov07 – 30Nov07
Step II, first run start
30Nov07
23Nov07 – 21Dec07
End of run party
21Dec07
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2. Preparing for phase II
LH2 Absorber
(UK, US, Japan)
AFC module
(UK)
RF R&D
(Mucool-NFMCC)
RF power
(LBNL+ CERN -> Daresbury lab  RAL)
Coupling Coils
(LBNL-Harbin ICST)
SW calorimeter (GVA-FNAL-Trieste)
Main technological uncertainty towards PHASEII is MUCOOL RF R&D.
This emphasizes the need for the MUCOOL coupling coil!
Main issue is funding.
MUTAC meeting – 18-04-2007 Alain Blondel
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The complete cell of the study II cooling channel is composed of
two RF coupling-coil modules with an absorber-focus pair module in the middle
This corresponds to step VI.
Although ionization cooling could already be observed in step V, several aspects
of the system such as
-- flip between two modules and longitudinal emittance growth
would not be covered fully.
The complete MICE project extends to step VI
(MICE needs two RFCC modules and three AFC modules)
MUTAC meeting – 18-04-2007 Alain Blondel
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RF power system
completion of test stand in 2007 (Daresbury Lab)
relationship with CERN & phase 2
FC Module
Tender spec complete
announcement in EU journal made
Hydrogen System
Spec almost ready for review
Safety review and HAZOP for H2 system
has been passed.
MUTAC meeting – 18-04-2007 Alain Blondel
Metal hydride storage tank
with capacity of 20 m3 of hydrogen
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Summary of funding situation (I)
-- UK: PhaseI = 9.7M£ (OST+ rolling grants + CCLRC contributions)
Phase II bid submitted in July 2007.
Peer review positive; recommended
100% of support for engineering
2 + option for 3d focus pair modules
support for exploitation
Merge of CCLRC and PPARC into STFC leads to general review
during next year  reconcilitation for one year funding.
Authorization to post official notice for FC module in EU journal
(1st step in call for tender process)
-- USA:
funding from the NFMCC (DOE baseline scenario 4.125M$) + 4MW RF source
+ NSF grant (IIT) 300k$
+ MRI grant (tracker + tracker solenoid) 750k$
(NB tracker part was reduced substantially by D0 electronics deal)
+ DOE suppl. for MUCOOL coupling coil 300k$
+ Fermilab 800k$
+ NSF tracker proposal by Pr G. Hanson 400 k$ (postdocX3 years)
(+ equal amount of startup fund)
further request submitted: NSF MRI for MUCOOL CC (should know by june)
+ other avenues being investigated (e.g. PIRES)
MUTAC meeting – 18-04-2007 Alain Blondel
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Summary of funding situation (II)
-- Japan:
Very important contribution by Osaka and KEK was interrupted in 2006
Bids have been resubmitted for US-Japan coll. and Japan
No effect on tracker. Affects absorber bodies and controls.
-- Switzerland:
PSI solenoid
Uni-Geneva+SNF (DAQ, trigger + TOF0 PMTS + 2PhD+1RA ~ 1000 kCHF so far)
additional request for online (100kCHF) in preparation
+Bulgaria collaboration (travel, PID electronics) (74kCHF granted)
-- CERN: 1 RF station providing 4MW (173kCHF or 110k€ + 0.3 FTE)
agreed on 3 Nov 2006: Maurizio Vretenar charged of execution
-- Netherlands: (Mag probes)
-- Italy: (TOF, Calorimeter) 500 k€ from INFN
+ 200 k€ from RAL end-of-year 2006 to completion
project recognized within INFN NTA (New Techniques of Acceleration)
-- China: (MICE
propose to build
+ bid submitted
(requires NFMCC
coupling coils)
first coupling coil with US funding (MUCOOL coupling coil)
from ICST to HIT for + delivery of two MICE coupling coils
to purchase the conductor and power supplies)
MUTAC meeting – 18-04-2007 Alain Blondel
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Summary of funding situation (III)
Missing but requested:
1.
2.
3.
4.
UK: Phase II bid
US: Mucool coupling coil MRI bid (rest is within MICE 2005 5yrs plan)
China: MICE coupling coils
Japan: Absorbers bodies and controls
+ everywhere: manpower
MUTAC meeting – 18-04-2007 Alain Blondel
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Beyond PHASEII -- Ideas for « Phase III »
ONCE PHASEII will be completed, having equipped the MICE hall with
-- spectrometers, TOF and PID able to measure emittance to 10-3
-- 8 MW of 201MHz RF power
-- 23 MV of RF acceleration
-- Liquid Hydrogen infrastructure and safety
MICE can become a facility to test new cooling ideas.
Such ideas were proposed:
A. with the existing MICE hardware to test optics beyond the neutrino
Factory study II:
non flip optics,
low-beta optics (down to 5 cm vs 42 cm nominal)
other absorber materials He, Li, LiH, etc..
LN2 cooled RF cavities
B. with additional hardware:
-- A. Skrinsky to test a lithium lense available at Novosibirsk
-- Muons Inc. to test a section of helicoidal channel (MANX)
MUTAC meeting – 18-04-2007 Alain Blondel
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Conclusions
0. MICE will be taking data in 166 days
1. The collaboration is making excellent progress in all fronts:
Simulations, R&D, engineering, prototyping and construction
The funding for phase I is complete, but manpower is never in excess
US contributions have been fundamental since the start of MICE
(concept,engineering) and continue to be (detectors, electronics)
2. MICE will start phase I data taking in summer/fall 2007
Steps I, II, III will allow beam tuning, first measurement of emittance and
verification of systematics.
3. The funding for phase II is submitted and under review.
The MUCOOL R&D is critical to the continuation of the experiment and
suffers from the lack of a coupling coil NOW.
4. MICE phase II requires 2 RFCC modules and 3 AFC modules to allow full
benefit from MICE until step VI.
5. Our aim is to assure that step VI can be performed in good time for 2010.
MUTAC support will be highly valuable for this.
MUTAC meeting – 18-04-2007 Alain Blondel
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Intense K physics
Intense Low-E muons
Neutrino Factory
Higgs(es) Factory(ies)
Energy Frontier -> 5 TeV
circa 1997-1999
US, Europe, Japan
MUTAC meeting – 18-04-2007 Alain Blondel
Possible layout of a muon complex on
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the CERN site.
Major challenges tackled
by R&D expts
High-power target
. 4MW
. good transmission
MERIT experiment
(CERN)
Fast muon cooling
MICE experiment
(RAL)
Fast, large aperture
accelerator (FFAG)
EMMA (Daresbury)
ISS baseline
MUTAC meeting – 18-04-2007 Alain Blondel
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Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment MICE
FIRST BEAM IN OCTOBER 2007
Final PID:
TOF
Calorimeter
Demonstrate feasibility and performance
of a section of cooling channel by 2010
4T spectrometer II
Cooling cell (~10%)
b=5-45cm, liquid H2, RF
Status:
Approved at RAL(UK)
First beam: 10-2007
Funded in: UK,CH,It,JP,NL,US
Further requests: JP,UK,US, PRChina…
4T spectrometer I
Single-m beam
~200 MeV/c
TOF
Liquid-hydrogen
absorbers
Prototyping:
Scintillating-fiber tracker
MUTAC meeting – 18-04-2007 Alain Blondel
200MHz RF cavity
with beryllium31
windows
MICE is an international effort from the start.
NUFACT00
2000-2001
NUFACT01 7:00 am
Sept. 2001
November 2001
January 2002
June
2002
January 2003
July
2003
October 2003
December 2003
June 2004
20 December 2004
March 2005
April 2005
June 2006
July 2006
October 2007
Re-activated the recognized need for muon cooling expt
Workshops on Cooling Experiment (CERN, Chicago, London)
Steering group formed
Workshop at CERN where final experiment took shape.
Letter of Intent (LOI) submitted to PSI and RAL
PSI cannot host experiment, will collaborate (beam solenoid)
RAL IPRP Review Panel encouraged submission of a proposal
Proposal submitted
Recommendation by International Peer Review Panel
‘Scientific approval’ letter by RAL CEO John Wood
Gateway 1 review
Gateway 1 passed on ‘amber’
Gateway 2/3 passed (MICE PHASE I)
UK phase I funding approved by PPARC and CCLRC 9.7 M£
US NFMCC proposes a 5-year plan to fund MICE
Harbin ICST joins MICE collaboration
UK phase II bid submitted
…. First beam in MICE step I
MUTAC meeting – 18-04-2007 Alain Blondel
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THE MICE COLLABORATION
-128 collaborators-
Universite Catholique de Louvain, Belgium
University of Sofia, Bulgaria
The Harbin Institute for Super Conducting Technologies PR China
INFN Milano, INFN Napoli, INFN Pavia, INFN Roma III, INFN Trieste, Italy
KEK, Kyoto University, Osaka University, Japan
NIKHEF, The Netherlands
CERN
Geneva University, Paul Scherrer Institut Switzerland
Brunel, Cockcroft/Lancaster, Glasgow, Liverpool, ICL London, Oxford, Darsbury, RAL, Sheffield
Argonne National Laboratory, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Fairfield University,
University of Chicago, Enrico Fermi Institute, Fermilab, Illinois Institute of Technology,
Jefferson Lab, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, UCLA, Northern Illinois University,
University of Iowa, University of Mississippi, UC Riverside,
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign USA
MUTAC meeting – 18-04-2007 Alain Blondel
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UK
Internal MICE Organization
numbers of meetings per year
MICE charter was voted in 2003. Spokesperson election concluded 15/4/2007
Collaboration board 3
1 rep/institute
elects spokesperson
reviews EB activity
votes on decisions
prepared by EB
chair: Dan Kaplan (IIT)
3 collaboration meetings/yr
1 video conf/month
Executive Board
12
spokesperson
deputy
Project manager
software coord.
analysis coord.
2 reps from
UK,US,EU,JP
manages collaboration life
nominates personels
prepares decisions for CB
Editorial board
~3
Chair Dan Kaplan
controls quality of
publications
proposes publication policy
Speakers bureau ~3
Chair Ken Long
solicits talks at
conferences and
proposes speakers
MUTAC meeting – 18-04-2007 Alain Blondel
Technical Board
12
Project manager: Paul Drumm
Deputies Bross, Lau, Virostek
management of the project
reports to EB
+spokesperson
+deputy
+software coord.
+level 2 WBS coordinators
enforces
design and safety reviews
change control
documents exp.design
Installation/Commissionning/Operations
(MICO) NEW
1 representative of each MICE
subsystem
12
Analysis forum
Chair John Cobb
discusses how to achieve
the physics goals of the
experiment
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Single particle Amplitude Measurements in MICE
Increase of central
phase space density
Transmission versus amplitude
Large emittance beam
Transmission versus amplitude
Large emittance beam
Empty channel
Channel with absorbers & RF
Emittance = RMS amplitude of muons in beam
MICE can measure the amplitudes of single muons (6D radius in emittance ellipsoid)
Increase in central phase space density  Dramatic demonstration of Cooling
MUTAC meeting – 18-04-2007 Alain Blondel
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RF cavity test at fermilab:
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201MHz cavity in magnetic field?
At this point we do not know if a 200 MHz cavity can operate reliably
with 4T fields from the focus pairs
Performance of NUFACT is strongly affected by this (muon decays!)
NUFACT performance assumes 12 MV/m
MICE normal operation is 8MV/m (8MW on 8 cavities at room Temp)
MICE can reach 12 MV/m this by cooling all cavities with LiqN2
MICE can reach up to 16MV/m (8MW on 2 cavities or 4 LiqN2-cooled)
MUCOOL single cavity can reach 16 MV/m
but present MUCOOL magnet only allows
0.2T on window with very divergent B field
will be tried anyway - instrum. ready
strong multipactor
was observed in
800 MHz cavity-->
What is really needed here is MUCOOL Coupling coil
MUTAC meeting – 18-04-2007 Alain Blondel
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Total channel length 10 m
Total energy 10-15 MJ
Z axis muon beam injection
LHe absorber inside the channel
LHe vessel diameter 1.1 m
Outer diameter 1.4 m
Front end 3 m matching section
LHe volume (1.1m dia.) 10 m³
LHe volume absorber (0.5m dia.) 3 m³
4 m Cooling Channel
Far end 3 m matching section
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