Quantity
Symbol
Value
speed of
light in a
vacuum
c
2.99792458×108 m/s
(exact)
Planck's
constant
h
6.62606957×10–34 J·s
universal gas
constant
R
0.082057
L·atm/(mol·K)
8.3145 J/(mol·K)
8.3145 m3·Pa/(mol·K)
8.3145 L·kPa/(mol·K)
0.083145
L·bar/(mol·K)
62.364 L·Torr/(mol·K)
the
Avogadro
constant
NA
6.02214129×1023
formula units/mol
mass of an
electron
me
9.10938291×10–28 g
5.4858×10–4 amu
FAQ: Do I need all these decimal places?
mass of a
proton
mp
1.672621777×10−24 g
1.007276467 amu
mass of a
neutron
mn
1.674927351×10−24 g
1.008664916 amu
charge on an
electron
e
–1.602176565×10–19 C
When doing a calculation, the constants should
be more precise than the other values. For
example, if the given values in your homework
question all have three significant figures, then c
= 2.998×108 m/s is sufficient because it will not
limit the precision
Boltzmann
constant
k
1.3806488×10–23 J/K
Faraday
constant
F
96485 C/mol of
electrons
RH
1.097373×107 m–1
2.179872×10–18 J
3.289842×1015 s–1
ε0
8.854187817×10–
12
F/m
8.854187817×10–
12 2
C /(J·m)
Rydberg
constant
Electric
constant
Reference: National Institute of Standards and
Technology (NIST)
http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/index.html
Strong Acids/Bases
Strong Acids
Strong Bases
HCl
HBr
HI
H2SO4
HNO3
HClO4
HClO3*
LiOH
NaOH
KOH
RbOH
CsOH
Ca(OH)2
Sr(OH)2
Ba(OH)2
*Some sources classify HClO3 as a weak acid. Check with your textbook or instructor
to determine how to classify this acid.
Weak Acids
any acid not listed above
Comments
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Weak Bases
any base not listed
above
Electromagnetic Spectrum
Densities of Pure Metals
Symbol
Density
g/cm3
Actinium
Ac
10
Aluminum
Al
2.70
Antimony
Sb
6.68
Barium
Ba
3.62
Beryllium
Be
1.85
Bismuth
Bi
9.79
Cadmium
Cd
8.69
Calcium
Ca
1.54
Element
Cerium
Ce
6.77
Cesium
Cs
1.93
Chromium
Cr
7.15
Cobalt
Co
8.86
Copper
Cu
8.96
Dysprosium
Dy
8.55
Erbium
Er
9.07
Europium
Eu
5.24
Gadolinium
Gd
7.90
Gallium
Ga
5.91
Gold
Au
19.3
Hafnium
Hf
13.3
Holmium
Ho
8.80
Indium
In
7.31
Iridium
Ir
22.5
Iron
Fe
7.87
Lanthanum
La
6.15
Lead
Pb
11.3
Lithium
Li
0.53
Lutetium
Lu
9.84
Magnesium
Mg
1.74
Manganese
Mn
7.3
Mercury
Hg
13.53
Molybdenum
Mo
10.2
Neodymium
Nd
7.01
Neptunium
Np
20.2
Nickel
Ni
8.90
Niobium
Nb
8.57
Osmium
Os
22.59
Palladium
Pd
12.0
Platinum
Pt
21.5
Plutonium
Pu
19.7
Polonium
Po
9.20
Potassium
K
0.89
Praseodymium Pr
6.77
Promethium
Pm
7.26
Protactinium
Pa
15.4
Radium
Ra
5
Rhenium
Re
20.8
Rhodium
Rh
12.4
Rubidium
Rb
1.53
Ruthenium
Ru
12.1
Samarium
Sm
7.52
Scandium
Sc
2.99
Silver
Ag
10.5
Sodium
Na
0.97
Strontium
Sr
2.64
Tantalum
Ta
16.4
Technetium
Tc
11
Terbium
Tb
8.23
Thallium
Tl
11.8
Thorium
Th
11.7
Thulium
Tm
9.32
Tin
Sn
7.26
Titanium
Ti
4.51
Tungsten
W
19.3
Uranium
U
19.1
Vanadium
V
6.0
Ytterbium
Yb
6.90
Yttrium
Y
4.47
Zinc
Zn
7.14
Zirconium
Zr
6.52