Muscular Skeletal Quiz 1
1.
The __________ muscle participates in downward rotation of the scapula.
A) levator scapulae
B) lower (inferior) fibers of serratus anterior
C) teres minor
D) lower (inferior ) fibers of trapezius
2.
Weeks after a nasty fall forward onto both hands, a patient arrives in the doctor’s office complaining of
clumsiness with the right thumb. The patient has no problem holding paper between any two fingers
and has no difficulty in flexing the metacarpophalangeal (MP) joints and extending the interphalangeal
(IP) joints of the fingers. Flexion and abduction of the thumb are weak and the thenar eminence is flat.
However, sensation is normal over the thenar eminence, and extension and adduction of the thumb are
normal. The nerve most likely affected is the
A) recurrent branch of the median nerve.
B) palmar cutaneous branch of the median nerve.
C) median nerve in the cubital fossa.
D) deep ulnar nerve.
E) deep radial (posterior interosseous) nerve.
3.
The __________ muscles cross the metacarpophalangeal (MP) joint of the thumb.
A) abductor pollicis longus and oponens pollicis
B) oponens pollicis and flexor pollicis brevis
C) flexor pollicis brevis and extensor pollicis brevis
D) extensor pollicis brevis and abductor pollicis longus
4.
Two muscles that medially (internally) rotate the glenohumeral joint are the
A) infraspinatus and subscapularis.
B) subscapularis and pectoralis major.
C) latissimus dorsi and infraspinatus.
D) teres minor and teres major.
5.
Examination of a patient’s injured upper limb reveals normal extension at the elbow, but sensory
deficits on the thumb, marked weakness in supination and an inability to extend at the wrist (wrist drop)
or the metacarpophalangeal (MP) joints. These findings would suggest that the __________ has been
severed.
A) posterior cord
B) radial nerve at its origin
C) radial nerve just distal to the spiral (radial) groove
D) deep radial (posterior interosseous) nerve at its origin
E) superficial radial nerve at its origin
6.
Fractures of the olecranon are usually transverse. The proximal fragment is pulled superiorly by the
_____________ muscle and the ___________ nerve may be damaged.
A) biceps brachii --- median
B) triceps brachii --- ulnar
C) supinator --- deep radial (posterior interosseous)
D) extensor carpi ulnaris --- deep radial (posterior interosseous)
7.
The __________ muscle is probably torn when a gymnast experiences sudden lumbar pain and muscle
spasm while doing pulls-ups (chin-ups) on a high bar (extension against resistance).
A) erector spinae
B) deltoid
C) latissimus dorsi
D) trapezius
E) serratus anterior
8.
The tapering inferior part of the spinal cord is called the
A) conus medullaris (medullary cone).
B) lumbosacral enlargement.
C) filum terminale.
D) cauda equina.
E) denticulate ligament.
9.
The ligamenta flava are elastic ________ joints that stretch during _______ of the vertebral column.
A) synarthrodial --- flexion
B) synarthrodial --- extension
C) diarthrodial (synovial) --- flexion
D) diarthrodial (synovial) --- extension
10.
A patient's subclavian artery is ligated just lateral to the anterior scalene muscle between the
suprascapular artery and the thyrocervical trunk. In this patient, the dorsal scapular and transverse
cervical arteries are branches of the thyrocervical trunk. The suprascapular artery is a direct branch of
the subclavian. To fill the distal subclavian & the axillary arteries, the flow of blood reverses direction in
both the ________ and _________ arteries.
A) transverse cervical --- posterior intercostal
B) dorsal scapular --- circumflex scapular
C) suprascapular --- dorsal scapular
D) circumflex scapular --- suprascapular
E) dorsal scapular --- transverse cervical
F) posterior intercostal --- circumflex scapular
11.
The radial nerve lies on the posterior surface of the humerus between the humeral attachments of the
__________ heads of the triceps and is accompanied by the ________.
A) long & lateral --- deep artery of the arm (profunda brachii)
B) long & lateral --- brachial artery
C) long & medial --- deep artery of the arm (profunda brachii)
D) long & medial --- brachial artery
E) lateral & medial --- deep artery of the arm (profunda brachii)
F) lateral & medial --- brachial artery
12.
Release of acetylcholine results in contraction of the
A) arrector pili muscles in the skin.
B) walls of blood vessels in the body wall (vasoconstriction).
C) biceps muscle.
13.
Glial cells called __________ surround all axons in the peripheral nervous system. A connective tissue
layer called the __________ surrounds each myelinated axon.
A) oligodendrocytes --- epineurium
B) oligodendrocytes --- perineurium
C) oligodendrocytes --- endoneurium
D) Schwann cells --- epineurium
E) Schwann cells --- perineurium
F) Schwann cells --- endoneurium
14.
Dendrites are characterized by the _________ of Nissl substance and a _________ thickness from their
proximal to distal ends.
A) absence --- constant
B) absence --- decreasing
C) presence --- constant
D) presence --- decreasing
15.
Imagine a radiograph of a normal elbow in the AP projection. The __________ will have their shadows at
least partially superimposed on this image.
A) olecranon and trochlea
B) head of the radius and the medial epicondyle of the humerus
C) coronoid process of the ulna and capitulum
D) lateral epicondyle of the humerus and the shaft of the radius
16.
An untreated pin prick in the index finger (1st finger, 2nd digit) may result in an infection which leads to
pain, tenderness and inflammation in the ________________. If the synovial membrane of this structure
were to rupture, the infection and accompanying symptoms would most likely spread to the
_____________ space.
A) radial bursa --- midpalmar
B) radial bursa --- thenar
C) digital synovial sheath of index finger --- midpalmar
D) digital synovial sheath of index finger --- thenar
17.
The presence of an anomalous, unilateral accessory rib articulating with vertebra C7 and attaching on rib
1 causes increasing pain, tingling and/or numbness along the medial side of the arm, forearm and hand
of an elderly patient. There are no other cutaneous sensory deficits. Furthermore, examination revealed
weakness in initiating pronation against resistance and weakness in flexion of the proximal (PIP) and
distal (DIP) interphalangeal joints of the fingers and the interphalangeal joints of the thumb. There is no
muscle weakness when extending the neck and upper part of the vertebral column. These neurological
signs indicate that the rib may be stretching and exerting pressure on some axons of the __________.
(All symptoms are from one injury site only)
A) dorsal root of spinal nerve C7
B) dorsal ramus of spinal nerve C7
C) medial cord of the brachial plexus
D) middle trunk of the brachial plexus
E) dorsal root of spinal nerve C8
F) dorsal ramus of spinal nerve C8
18.
All or part of the ______________ lies directly posterior to the anterior scalene muscle.
A) phrenic nerve
B) subclavian artery
C) subclavian vein
D) subclavius muscle
E) suprascapular nerve
19.
The upper and lower subscapular nerves both arise from the ______________ cord of the brachial
plexus. They can be differentially identified based on the innervation of the ________________ muscle.
A) lateral --- subscapularis
B) lateral --- teres major
C) posterior --- subscapularis
D) posterior --- teres major
E) medial --- subscapularis
F) medial --- teres major
20.
The ventral roots of thoracic spinal nerves contain
A) presynaptic (preganglionic) sympathetic axons.
B) presynaptic (preganglionic) parasympathetic axons.
C) postsynaptic (postganglionic) sympathetic axons.
D) postsynaptic (postganglionic) parasympathetic axons.
21.
The intervertebral foramen between vertebrae L3 and L4 contains spinal nerve _____. The segment of
spinal cord giving rise to this nerve is __________ to this intervertebral foramen.
A) L3 --- superior
B) L3 --- adjacent
C) L3 --- inferior
D) L4 --- superior
E) L4 --- adjacent
F) L4 --- inferior
22.
The axon hillock is located within the __________. It __________ contain Nissl bodies.
A) cell body --- does
B) cell body --- does not
C) axon terminal --- does
D) axon terminal --- does not
23.
A surgeon (not from Downstate) excises a tumor from the apex of the left lung and accidentally cuts the
anterior division of the superior trunk of the brachial plexus. As a result, there is Wallerian degeneration
in the
A) superior trunk.
B) axillary nerve.
C) lateral cord.
D) median nerve.
E) superior trunk and axillary nerve.
F) lateral cord and median nerve.
G) superior trunk, axillary nerve, lateral cord and median nerve.
24.
The nerve that innervates all or most of the clavicular head of the pectoralis major is a branch of the
________ cord of the brachial plexus. It ________ have cutaneous branches that innervate the skin over
the clavicle.
A) lateral --- does
B) lateral --- does not
C) medial --- does
D) medial --- does not
25.
____________ a prominent characteristic of all cervical vertebrae.
A) Costal facets are
B) A large, massive vertebral body is
C) Transverse foramina (foramina transversaria) are
D) A long spinous process is
26.
The acromioclavicular joint is small and the acromioclavicular ligament is weak. Another ligament
responsible for maintaining the integrity of this joint is the __________ ligament.
A) coracoacromial
B) coracoclavicular
C) suprascapular
D) coracohumeral
27.
A patient arrives at the emergency room bleeding profusely and screaming that he has been stabbed in
the shoulder. Pressure is applied to the wound and the bleeding is brought under control. You suspect
that the knife cut may have resulted in nerve damage. Flexion, extension, abduction and adduction at
the glenohumeral joint are normal. Extension at the elbow joint and pronation are also normal,
however, flexion at the elbow joint is greatly weakened while supination is somewhat weakened. You
continue your exam by determining whether there are any other motor deficits and find that
movements at the wrist joints are normal, as are movements of the fingers. Using an open safety pin,
you also determine that there is a loss of sensation on the lateral surface of the forearm. All other
cutaneous innervation of the upper limb is normal. From the diagram below, choose the most likely
position for the nerve lesion.
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E
28.
The student in the picture is hitchhiking back to Downstate (not a good idea!). His thumb is fully
__________. This movement occurs in the __________ plane.
A) abducted --- coronal
B) abducted --- sagittal
C) extended --- coronal
D) extended --- sagittal
29.
A patient arrives in the emergency room after a car accident in which they severely damaged their
elbow joint. You notice that at rest the patient holds their wrist slightly flexed and adducted. When you
ask the patient to actively adduct OR flex at the wrist they always perform the two movements together
and cannot separate them. When you ask the patient to extend at the wrist, they are unable to do so.
This combination of deficits causes you to suspect that this person has sustained injury to the
A) ulnar nerve alone.
B) radial nerve alone.
C) median nerve alone.
D) both ulnar and median nerves.
E) both radial and median nerves.
30.
Fractures of the scaphoid bone, usually from a fall on the outstretched hand, produce tenderness and
swelling over the
A) hypothenar eminence.
B) dorsal (extensor) expansion of the index finger (2nd digit, 1st finger).
C) common flexor sheath (ulnar bursa).
D) anatomical "snuff box."
31.
Edema (swelling) in the carpal tunnel exerts pressure on the ___________ nerve and the ____________,
resulting in severe pain and disability in the wrist and hand.
A) posterior interosseous --- extensor digitorum tendons
B) median --- palmaris longus tendon
C) superficial radial --- extensor digitorum tendons
D) ulnar --- ulnar artery
E) median --- flexor digitorum profundus tendons
Questions 32 through 35
A patient arrives at the emergency room bleeding profusely and screaming that he has been stabbed.
Pressure is applied to the wound and the bleeding is brought under control. Upon examination, you see
that the patient has been stabbed in the region of the deltopectoral triangle (groove) on the left side.
32.
The bleeding was probably due to damage to both the __________ vein and branches of the
__________ artery.
A) basilic --- lateral thoracic
B) basilic --- thoracoacromial
C) cephalic --- lateral thoracic
D) cephalic --- thoracoacromial
33.
The tissue normally supplied by the damaged artery does not become necrotic (death resulting from
local deprivation of blood supply), because there are sufficient direct anastomoses between it and other
arteries such as the __________ artery.
A) superior (supreme) thoracic
B) dorsal scapular
C) thoracodorsal
D) scapular circumflex
34.
You also suspect that the knife cut may have resulted in nerve damage. Flexion at the glenohumeral
joint appears somewhat compromised, while abduction, adduction and extension are normal. To further
test flexion, you ask the patient to abduct his left arm to 90° and ask him to move the arm forward while
you try to prevent him from doing so (i.e., he’s then flexing against resistance). With your other hand,
you palpate immediately inferior to the clavicle and feel no contraction of muscle. You continue your
exam by determining whether there are any other motor deficits and find that movements at the elbow
and wrist joints are normal, as are movements of the fingers. Using an open safety pin, you also
determine that cutaneous innervation of the upper limb is normal. From the diagram below, choose the
most likely position for the nerve lesion.
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E
F) F
35.
In view of the nerve damage, you know that neuronal cell bodies in the __________ of the spinal cord
will be undergoing chromatolysis, and that degenerating axons __________ found in one of the trunks
of the brachial plexus.
A) dorsal horn --- would be
B) dorsal horn --- would not be
C) ventral horn --- would be
D) ventral horn --- would not be
36.
In this radiograph, region "A" is more __________ than region "B", because it is __________ than region
"B."
A) radiolucent --- thicker
B) radiolucent --- denser
C) radiopaque --- thicker
D) radiopaque --- denser
37.
This is an image from an MRI exam of a normal wrist in the coronal plane. The first metacarpal is marked
with an asterisk. The black dot is placed over the
A) lunate.
B) trapezoid.
C) trapezium.
D) capitate.
38.
This is a/an horizontal/axial MR image of a normal shoulder. The arrow points to the
A) greater tuberosity (tubercle) of the humerus.
B) lesser tuberosity (tubercle) of the humerus.
C) intertubercular sulcus.
D) glenoid fossa (cavity).
E) coracoid process.
39.
_________ plane divides the body into equal left and right sections.
A) The median sagittal (midsagittal)
B) A coronal (frontal)
C) A horizontal (transverse)
40.
Flexion and extension of the thumb occur within _________ plane.
A) the median sagittal (midsagittal)
B) a coronal (frontal)
C) a horizontal (transverse)
41.
There are cell bodies of sensory general afferent (GA) neurons in
A) paravertebral (sympathetic chain) ganglia.
B) dorsal root (spinal) ganglia.
C) the ventral horn of the spinal cord.
D) the intermediolateral nucleus (horn) of the spinal cord.
42.
The intervertebral foramen between the tenth and eleventh thoracic vertebrae contains spinal nerve
__________ and __________ its dorsal root (spinal) ganglion.
A) T10 --- also
B) T10 --- not
C) T11 --- also
D) T11 --- not
43.
Transection of the middle trunk of the brachial plexus results in Wallerian degeneration of axons in the
A) ventral root of spinal nerve C7 and the axillary nerve.
B) axillary and radial nerves.
C) radial and median nerves.
D) median nerve and the ventral root of spinal nerve C7.
44.
Postganglionic (postsynaptic) parasympathetic neurons are __________ and therefore exhibit
__________ vesicles at synaptic terminals.
A) adrenergic --- clear
B) adrenergic --- electron-dense core
C) cholinergic --- clear
D) cholinergic --- electron-dense core
45.
You are examining appropriately stained sections of the cat cervical spinal cord with a light microscope.
You would expect to be able to see ________ in both the gray matter and white matter.
A) myelinated axons
B) neuronal cell bodies
C) Schwann cells
D) Nissl bodies (substance)
E) dendrites
46.
Postsynaptic (postganglionic) sympathetic axons are located in the __________ of spinal nerve C5.
A) ventral and dorsal roots
B) dorsal root and ventral ramus
C) ventral and dorsal rami
D) dorsal ramus and ventral root
47.
Contraction of __________ muscle in the walls of blood vessels in the skin is elicited by the firing of
action potentials of __________ neurons.
A) skeletal --- postsynaptic (postganglionic) sympathetic
B) skeletal --- postsynaptic (postganglionic) parasympathetic
C) skeletal --- general somatic efferent (GSE)
D) smooth --- postsynaptic (postganglionic) sympathetic
E) smooth --- postsynaptic (postganglionic) parasympathetic
F) smooth --- general somatic efferent (GSE)
48.
The anterior boundary of the posterior triangle of the neck is formed by the
A) medial one-third of the clavicle.
B) anterior border of the trapezius muscle.
C) posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle.
D) inferior belly of the omohyoid muscle.
49.
____________ occur at the joint that is just distal to the radioulnar articular disc.
A) Abduction (radial deviation) and flexion
B) Flexion and pronation
C) Pronation and supination
D) Supination and lateral rotation
50.
The __________ lies directly anterior to the axillary artery.
A) anterior scalene
B) posterior cord of the brachial plexus
C) long thoracic nerve
D) pectoralis minor muscle
51.
The lumbrical to the ring (3rd) finger is innervated by a branch of the ________ nerve that also
innervates the part of the flexor digitorum ________ that has its distal attachment on the same finger.
A) median --- superficialis
B) median --- profundus
C) ulnar --- superficialis
D) ulnar --- profundus
52.
The lateral cord of the brachial plexus is located in the __________ and is formed by the union of the
__________ divisions of the upper and middle trunks.
A) axilla --- anterior
B) axilla --- posterior
C) posterior triangle of the neck --- anterior
D) posterior triangle of the neck --- posterior
53.
An ulnar arterial pulse is taken just ______ to the pisiform bone. A radial arterial pulse is taken near the
wrist just ______ to the brachioradialis tendon.
A) lateral --- lateral
B) lateral --- medial
C) medial --- medial
D) medial --- lateral
54.
The spine of the __________ thoracic vertebra lies at the level of the inferior angle of the scapula.
A) third
B) fifth
C) seventh
D) ninth
55.
The pectoralis minor is innervated by the ________ pectoral nerve and has an attachment to the
_______.
A) medial --- coracoid process
B) medial --- bicipital groove of the humerus
C) lateral --- coracoid process
D) lateral --- bicipital groove of the humerus
56.
The triangle of auscultation is an area used by physicians to listen for sounds of thoracic viscera. This
area overlies intercostal space _________ and is bounded by the latissimus dorsi, trapezius
and________________ muscles.
A) 6 --- rhomboid major
B) 6 --- serratus anterior
C) 9 --- rhomboid major
D) 9 --- serratus anterior
57.
The levator scapulae has attachments to the __________ processes of cervical vertebrae and the
rhomboid major has attachments to the __________ processes of thoracic vertebrae.
A) spinous --- spinous
B) spinous --- transverse
C) transverse --- spinous
D) transverse --- transverse
58.
The most superior fibers of the trapezius muscle arise from the occipital bone and have a distal
attachment on the
A) vertebral border of the scapula.
B) spine and acromion of the scapula.
C) spines of the thoracic vertebrae.
D) lateral third of the clavicle.
59.
Fibrocartilage is or can be present in
A) fibrous (syndesmosis) and primary cartilaginous (synchondrosis) joints.
B) primary cartilaginous (synchondrosis) and secondary cartilaginous (symphysis) joints.
C) secondary cartilaginous (symphysis) and synovial (diarthrosis) joints.
D) synovial (diarthrosis) and fibrous (syndesmosis) joints.
60.
The internal and external vertebral plexuses form an elaborate system of valveless veins that connects
with veins in the neck, thorax, abdomen and pelvis. The internal vertebral plexus is located in the
_________________ space.
A) subarachnoid
B) subdural
C) epidural (extradural)
61.
The __________ nerves carry pain sensation from the glenohumeral joint.
A) axillary and median
B) median and ulnar
C) ulnar and suprascapular
D) suprascapular and axillary
62.
The cauda equina ______________ bathed in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and contains the
______________ of spinal nerve S2.
A) is --- ventral ramus
B) is not --- ventral ramus
C) is --- dorsal root
D) is not --- dorsal root
63.
The suprascapular artery anastomoses directly with the ______ artery that passes through the ______
space to supply the ______ muscle.
A) circumflex scapular --- quadrangular --- teres minor
B) circumflex scapular --- quadrangular --- deltoid
C) circumflex scapular --- triangular --- teres minor
D) posterior humeral circumflex --- triangular --- deltoid
E) posterior humeral circumflex --- triangular --- teres minor
F) posterior humeral circumflex --- quadrangular --- deltoid
64.
In a CT image of the normal chest that includes both lungs and the heart, the image of the lungs will be
__________ the heart image because __________.
A) darker than --- air-filled lung is less dense than heart muscle and blood
B) darker than --- a voxel of lung tissue absorbs more x-rays than a voxel of heart muscle and/or blood
C) lighter than --- normal lung sends back a stronger radiowave signal than normal heart
D) lighter than -- there are more pixels in any given image of the lung than there are in the adjacent
heart image
E) the same shade as --- all the voxels in the slice of chest being studied are the same thickness
65.
A sudden occlusion of the deep brachial (profunda brachii) artery at its origin would initally result in
diminished blood flow
A) to the lateral head of the triceps.
B) to the short head of the biceps.
C) into the deep palmar arch.
D) into the common interosseous artery.
66.
The subacromial (subdeltoid) bursa lies immediately superior to the tendon of the __________ muscle.
This bursa __________ communicate with the cavity of the glenohumeral joint.
A) subscapularis --- does
B) subscapularis --- does not
C) supraspinatus --- does
D) supraspinatus --- does not
67.
A patient has a fracture of the proximal end of the radius that completely severs the deep branch of the
radial nerve close to its origin. On the affected side this patient would
A) be completely unable to flex at the wrist joint.
B) be completely unable to extend at the elbow joint.
C) be unable to feel heat or cold on the dorsal surface of the forearm.
D) exhibit a weakness in supination.
68.
Destruction of the ventral ramus of spinal nerve C8 would result in
A) weakness of the deltoid muscle.
B) a decrease in the number of axons in the ulnar nerve.
C) a loss of cutaneous sensation in the lateral forearm.
D) weakness in flexion at the shoulder joint.
69.
Both the arachnoid mater and the ___________ are made up of ____________.
A) endoneurium --- simple squamous cells connected by tight junctions
B) endoneurium --- fibroblasts scattered among abundant collagen fibers
C) perineurium --- simple squamous cells connected by tight junctions
D) perineurium --- fibroblasts scattered among abundant collagen fibers
Questions 70 and 71
70.
A physician places a card between a patient's 1st (index) and 2nd (middle) fingers. The patient is asked
to hold the card tightly while the physician tries to pull the card away. To hold the card tightly, the
patient must contract the _________ interosseous muscle of the index finger and the _______
interosseous muscle of the middle finger.
A) dorsal --- dorsal
B) dorsal --- palmar
C) palmar --- palmar
D) palmar --- dorsal
71.
The physician has tested the integrity of the ______ nerve.
A) deep branch of the ulnar
B) superficial branch of the ulnar
C) median
D) deep branch of the radial
E) superficial branch of the radial
The following two questions refer to the above diagram of a transverse section through the axilla.
72.
The muscle labeled 3 is innervated by the __________ nerve.
A) long thoracic
B) lower subscapular
C) medial pectoral
D) lateral pectoral
73.
The muscle labeled _____ has an attachment to the lesser tuberosity of the humerus.
A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
74.
When an infection in the thumb spreads, the ________ lymph trunk is most likely to become inflamed.
The ________ lymph nodes are usually the last to become involved before such an infection reaches the
circulating blood.
A) cephalic --- apical axillary
B) cephalic --- deltopectoral
C) basilic --- apical axillary
D) basilic --- deltopectoral
75.
A subject cuts his wrist and severs the tendon of the brachioradialis muscle along with a cutaneous
nerve that crosses the tendon. He has diminished sensation in an area that includes part of the thenar
eminence and the dorsal surface of the thumb. The insensitive area is a part of dermatome ____ that is
innervated by a branch of the ________ nerve.
A) C6 --- radial
B) C6 --- median
C) C7 --- radial
D) C7 --- median
76.
Action potentials in sensory (GA) axons that innervate the nail bed of the middle (2nd) finger pass
through both the ______ nerve and the ventral ramus of spinal nerve ______.
A) median --- C6
B) median --- C7
C) radial --- C6
D) radial --- C7
Development 1 & 2
77.
__________ are derived from the neural tube.
A) Alpha and gamma motoneurons
B) Dorsal root ganglion neurons
C) Postsynaptic (postganglionic) sympathetic neurons
D) Schwann cells
78.
Imagine that you are very tiny and scuba diving in the foregut at the end of the fourth week of
development. If you reach out and touch the wall, you will be touching __________. You would be able
to easily swim from the foregut into the __________ without crossing any membranes.
A) ectoderm --- allantois
B) ectoderm --- intraembryonic coelom
C) mesoderm --- allantois
D) mesoderm --- intraembryonic coelom
E) endoderm --- allantois
F) endoderm --- intraembryonic coelom
79.
__________ are both events that occur during the third week of development.
A) The initial appearance of the upper limb bud and the formation of the intraembryonic coelom
B) The formation of the intraembryonic coelom and the initial appearance of somites
C) The initial appearance of somites and implantation
D) Implantation and the initial appearance of the upper limb bud
80.
Fertilization can occur either in the
A) uterine tubes or the lumen of the uterus.
B) lumen of the uterus or the vagina.
C) vagina or the peritoneal cavity.
D) peritoneal cavity or the uterine tubes.
81.
A patient with _____________ probably developed hemivertebrae and skeletal deformities from an
embryonic failure of the sclerotome cells to migrate and surround the ____________ to form vertebral
bodies.
A) congenital scoliosis --- notochord
B) congenital scoliosis --- neural crest
C) spina bifida occulta --- notochord
D) spina bifida occulta --- neural crest
82.
*The little finger of the hand begins as cartilage in the upper limb bud derived from cells of the
____________ mesoderm and later ossifies through ___________ bone formation.
A) paraxial --- intramembraneous
B) paraxial --- endochondral
C) lateral plate --- intramembranous
D) lateral plate --- endochondral
83.
The ______________ are all derived from sclerotome cells of the somite. (Select the most complete
answer)
A) vertebrae
B) vertebrae and annulae fibrosus
C) vertebrae, annulae fibrosus and ulna
D) vertebrae, annulae fibrosus, ulna and supinator