Authors in World
History
Who wrote the
Koran?
Muhammad the
Prophet
What religion
did Muhammad
found?
Islam
Name the
Renaissance writer
best known for
writing sonnets.
Shakespeare
Northern Renaissance:
England
What is a
sonnet?
A 14 line poem
--
very popular in the
Renaissance
Who wrote the
Renaissance book
In Praise of Folly?
Erasmus
Why did Erasmus
write In Praise of
folly?
It criticized abuses
in the Catholic
Church
Erasmus harassed the Catholic Church
A “folly” is a mistake
Who wrote the
95 Theses?
Church door in Wittenburg
Martin Luther
Luther lived in the
northern German
states of the Holy
Roman Empire
Why did Martin
Luther write the 95
Theses?
A list of 95
statements criticizing
the Catholic Church
The church door where Martin
Luther nailed the 95 Theses in
Wittenburg, Germany
Name three of the
most famous plays
Shakespeare wrote.
Macbeth,
Hamlet, Romeo
and Juliet
Who wrote Don
Quixote?
Cervantes
Cervantes was from Spain
What was Don
Quixote about?
It was a story about
an idiotic knight--the
book made fun of knights
and the middle ages
What was
significant about
Don Quixote?
It was the first
novel
(fiction-- not a true story)
What Age of
Enlightenment
book did Thomas
Hobbes write?
Leviathan
A Leviathan is a huge
“sea monster”
What did Hobbes
argue was the best
form of government
in Leviathan?
absolutism
Hobbes
absolute
ruler
The Leviathan, or sea
monster, represents the
all powerful government
Hobbes believed exist
to avoid chaos
Who wrote the Two Treatises
of Government?
The mystery
author!
John Locke
A. What did Locke
argue was the best
form of Government?
B. Why?
A. democracy
B. Locke believed in
democracy because he argued
the people were SOVEREIGN-the people have ultimate power
What three rights did
Locke say the
Government MUST
protect?
Life, liberty,
and property
What affects did
John Locke have on
the United States?
He influenced the Declaration of
Independence.
“among these
rights are life,
liberty, and
the pursuit of
happiness”
Who wrote The
Spirit of Laws?
Who is this author?
Baron de
Montesquieu
Montesquieu was
from France
What idea about
the structure of
government did
Montesquieu
express in Spirit?
“separation of powers”
--3 branches of government
Why did Montesquieu
advocate “separation
of powers”?
In order to avoid one
person gaining all the
power
(NO ABSOLUTISM!)
If Montesqueiu is
AGAINST absolutism,
then which thinker does
he disagree with?
Thomas Hobbes
A Leviathan: The
absolute government
What affect did
Montesquieu have on
the United States?
Montesquieu influenced
the U.S. Constitution
The Constitution sets up three
branches of Government, just as
Montesquieu recommended.
What was
Voltaire famous
for saying?
“I disapprove of what you
say, but will defend to the
death your right to say it”
What does this
quote defend?
Freedom of
speech and
religion
Who wrote
the Social
Contract?
Jean-Jacques
Rousseau
What does Rousseau
say about “The
Social (or society’s)
Contract?”
It is a contract
between the people
and their rulers
What does Rousseau
say should happen if
this contract is
broken by the rulers?
The people should rebel!
The Storming of Bastille
Liberty leading the
People
by Delacroix
List the Five
Enlightenment
writers/thinkers
1. Thomas Hobbes
2. John Locke
3. Baron de Montesquieu
4. Jean-Jacques Rousseau
5. Voltaire
Who wrote the
Declaration of
Independence?
Which
Enlightenment
thinker influenced
it the most?
Thomas
Jefferson
John Locke
Who wrote the
Wealth of Nations?
Adam Smith
What did the
Wealth of
Nations defend?
It defended capitalism-freedom to buy and sell as you
please
Smith said this created wealth
even though no one controls it.
What did Karl Marx Write?
Who helped him write it?
Communist Manifesto
Frederick Engels
What new ideas did
Marx introduce in
the Communist
Manifesto?
Communism and
Socialism
What did communism
and socialism
attempt to correct?
Correct the bad conditions
and unequal incomes of the
Industrial Revolution
Describe a
communist society
Equal wages for all workers;
common property--no right to
own property!
Common farms
Soviet Harvest
Equal wages in all jobs
What two groups did
Marx say are always
in conflict?
The Proletariat and
the Bourgeoisie
A proletariat ready to revolt
Who are the
Proletariat?
Who are the
Bourgeoisie?
•The Proletariat are the workers
(factories, mines)
•The Bourgeoisie are the middle class
owners and managers
What did Marx predict
would happen between
the Proletariat and
Bourgeoisie?
The Proletariat would revolt,
overthrow the Bourgeoisie, take
control of the factories, and
create communism
Given Marx’s belief
in communism, who
would have been the
person MOST
opposite of Marx?
Adam Smith
He defended
capitalism, which
Karl Marx said
caused bad
conditions and
unequal wages
for the
Proletariat
What book did
Adolf Hiter write?
Mein Kampf
“My Struggle”
Hitler laid out his plan for
Germany and his hatred of Jews