ART OF THE LATER
Europe
TH
19
CENTURY
PURPOSE OF ART IN EUROPE
• Paint contemporary world
• Present more personal,
expressive view of life
• Impressionist regard for
light and its effect on color
• more intense color
POST-IMPRESSIONISM
• Post-Impressionism: the
French art movement that
immediately followed
Impressionism
• Artists show greater concern
for structure and form
PAUL CÉZANNE: HIS TECHNIQUE
• apply colors in small, flat patches
side-by-side so that each represented
a separate plane
• To make objects look more threedimensional, he used:
• cool colors and warm colors
• sought weight and solidity in still lifes,
landscapes and portraits
STILL LIFE WITH PEPPERMINT BOTTLE
• flat
• blue
tones
to show
depth
• Straight lines contrasted with curved lines
to add variety
CÉZANNE’S LANDSCAPES
• Inspired Cubism
• Pines and Rocks
(Fontainebleau?)
• small brush
strokes to
suggest form
of the rock
• cubes of color
for foliage
VINCENT VAN GOGH:
HIS TRADE-MARK STYLE
• bright colors
• twisting lines (distortion)
• bold brushstrokes
• thick application of paint
• Painted what he felt
VINCENT VAN GOGH:
HIS PAINTING BACKGROUND
• Early: painted in browns and other
blah colors
• showed peasants in daily routines
• After meeting Impressionists, added
color and used small, short
brushstrokes
• Influenced the Fauves and the
Expressionists
The Potato Eaters
Bedroom at Arles
THE STARRY NIGHT
(A REFLECTION OF AN OPTIMISTIC VIEW OF DEATH)
PAUL GAUGIN
• Spirit of the Dead Watching
• exotic subject matter in threedimensional form
• flat areas of bright colors combined
w/forms that look round & solid
• shapes arranged in flat pattern
• Influenced groups of primitive artists &
American Abstract Expressionists
AMERICA IN THE LATE 19TH CENTURY
PHILANTHROPY ON THE RISE
• Active effort to promote human welfare = Carnegie,
Rockefeller, and Morgan funnel riches into schools,
colleges, & museums.
• Changes in American Art
• Self-taught artists roamed from village to village
• Other artists studied in the art centers of Europe
• some stayed and became part of the European
art movement
• some returned to U.S. to develop American art
styles
WINSLOW HOMER
• The Fog Warning
• Different values separate the sea, the
sky, and the fog
• Dramatic use of line: contrasting lines
• diagonal axis lines of the dory and
portions of the windblown fog
horizontal contour lines of oars, boat seats, horizon,
and fog bank
THOMAS EAKINS
• Studied with Neoclassicists and influenced by
Courbet’s realism
• Earlier Masters influenced him: Velazquez,
Hals, and Rembrandt
• Rembrandt: use of light and dark values to
create solid, round, life-like figures
• Favorite subject matter: people and themes
of Philadelphia
• Painted only what he saw.
• The Gross Clinic
• attention to
detail: intense
study of
anatomy by
dissection
• portrayal of
figures in space
ALBERT PINKHAM RYDER
• Inspired by:
• the Bible, Chaucer, Shakespeare, and 19 th
Century Romantic writers
• within himself (he was a hermit)
• Emphasis on Color and Texture
• small pictures built up until forms nearly 3dimensional
• paints of poor quality and/or applied
improperly = colors have faded
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AFRICAN AMERICAN ARTISTS
EDWARD MITCHELL BANISTER
• First African American painter to win a
major award at an important
exhibition.
• Preferences for romantic
interpretations of nature (land or sea)
• also painted portraits and other
subjects
The
Newspaper
Boy
HENRY TANNER
• Most famous African-American artist of late
19th, early 20th centuries
• From a family of high achievers
• Father = a Bishop in the African Methodist Episcopal
Church
• Mother = founded one of the 1st black women’s
organizations in U.S.
• Sister: one of the first women doctors in Alabama
• Studied at the Pennsylvania Academy of the
Fine Arts with Eakins
HENRY TANNER (CONT.)
• Eakins convinced
Tanner to turn
from landscapes to
genre scenes
• The Banjo Lesson
• simplicity
• Changed to Biblical subjects and moved
to Paris
• Daniel
in the
Lion’s Den
EDMONIA LEWIS
• Chippewa and African-American
from Ohio
• Sculptor: Marble carving
• Popular until demand for bronze
sculpture grew
• Forever Free
• A celebration
th
of the 13
Amendment