Characteristic Physical
Properties
Some examples of quantitative physical
properties include:
•
•
•
•
Density
Freezing point
Melting point
Boiling point
These properties can be used to identify a
pure substance.
DENSITY
• density is the amount of matter per unit
volume of that matter
DENSITY
To calculate the density of a substance, we
need two pieces of information;
1. mass
•
measured in mg, g, kg using a scale or balance
2. volume
•
measured in mL, L using a graduated cylinder
or cm3, m3 using a ruler
DENSITY
To calculate the density of a substance,
use the following equation:
m
D
V
Determining Mass
Triple Beam Balance
Reading a Triple Beam Balance
Reading a Triple Beam Balance
Reading a Triple Beam Balance
Volume = length x width x height
V=lwh
 = 3.14
V =  r2 h
 = 3.14
Graduated Cylinder
Example #1
6.6 mL
Bottom of
meniscus
Example #2
53 mL
Bottom of
meniscus
Displacement Method
• Fill graduated cylinder
partially with water
• Read initial volume
• Place in solid
• Read final volume
Volume solid = Volume final – Volume initial
Overflow Method
• Fill overflow can until water starts to pour out
• Place in solid
• Collect the overflow water in a graduated cylinder
Volume solid = Volume overflow
Given
State what the question is giving you.
(Don’t forget the symbols and units)
m = 12 g
V = 15 mL
Required
What does the question ask you to find?
Use appropriate symbols.
D=?
Analysis
Rearranged equation that you will use to
answer the question.
D=m/V
Solve
Solve the problem.
Make sure to include the units.
12 𝑔
𝐷=
15 𝑚𝐿
𝐷 = 0.80 𝑔/𝑚𝐿
Statement
 the density of the
Make a statement with the answer and units. liquid is 0.80 g/mL.
A softball has a mass of 360 g and a volume of
270 cm3. Find its density.
Given: Mass, m = 360 g
Volume, V = 270 cm3
Required: Density,
D in g/cm3
Analysis: 𝐷 = 𝑚 Solution: 𝐷 = 𝑚
𝑉
𝑉
D = 360 g
270 cm3
D = 1.33 g/cm3
Statement: the density of the softball is 1.33 g/ cm3
Calculate the density of a metal sample that is
18.00 cm long, 9.21 cm wide, and 4.45 cm high
and that has a mass of 14.25 kg.
What is the identity of the metal?
Given:
Required:
Analysis:
l = 18.00 cm
w = 9.21 cm
h = 4.45 cm
m = 14.25 kg
V (cm3)
D (g/cm3)
V = lwh
𝑚
𝐷=
𝑉
Calculate the density of a metal sample that is
18.00 cm long, 9.21 cm wide, and 4.45 cm high
and that has a mass of 14.25 kg.
What is the identity of the metal?
Solution:
V=l w h
V = (18.00 cm)(9.21 cm)(4.45 cm)
V = 738 cm3
𝑚
𝐷=
𝑉
D = 14.25 kg
738 cm3
D = 0.0193 kg/cm3
D = 19.3 g/cm3
Statement: the density of the metal is 19.3 g/cm3
The metal is gold.
• Density Problems Worksheet
• pg. 198 #1, 3-10
Test (Chapter 5) – Thursday Sept 18